The Duke of Spoleto was the ruler of

Spoleto Spoleto (, also , , ; la, Spoletum) is an ancient city in the Italian province of Perugia in east-central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines. It is S. of Trevi, N. of Terni, SE of Perugia; SE of Florence; and N of Rome. History Sp ...

and most of central Italy outside the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; it, Stato Pontificio, ), officially the State of the Church ( it, Stato della Chiesa, ; la, Status Ecclesiasticus;), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope fro ...

during the

Early Early may refer to: History * The beginning or oldest part of a defined historical period, as opposed to middle or late periods, e.g.: ** Early Christianity ** Early modern Europe Places in the United States * Early, Iowa * Early, Texas * Early ...

and

High Middle Ages The High Middle Ages, or High Medieval Period, was the periodization, period of European history that lasted from AD 1000 to 1300. The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and were followed by the Late Middle Ages, which ended ...

(c. 500 – 1300). The first dukes were appointed by the Lombard king, but they were independent in practice. The Carolingian conquerors of the Lombards continued to appoint dukes, as did their successors the

Holy Roman Emperor The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans ( la, Imperator Romanorum, german: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period ( la, Imperat ...

s. In the 12th century, the dukes of Spoleto were the most important imperial vassals in Italy. They usually bore the title '' dux et marchio'', "duke and margrave" as rulers of both

and Camerino.

List of dukes

Lombard supremacy

* Faroald I 570–592 * Ariulf 592–602 * Theodelap 602–650 * Atto 650–663 * Transamund I 663–703 * Faroald II 703–724 * Transamund II 724–739, first time * Hilderic 739–740 * Transamund II 740–742, second time * Agiprand 742–744 * Transamund II 744–745, third time * Lupus 745–752 * Unnolf 752 *

Aistulf Aistulf (also Ahistulf, Aistulfus, Haistulfus, Astolf etc.; it, Astolfo; died December 756) was the Duke of Friuli from 744, King of the Lombards from 749, and Duke of Spoleto from 751. His reign was characterized by ruthless and ambitious ...

752–756 * Ratchis 756–757 *

Alboin Alboin (530s – 28 June 572) was king of the Lombards from about 560 until 572. During his reign the Lombards ended their migrations by settling in Italy, the northern part of which Alboin conquered between 569 and 572. He had a lasting eff ...

757–759 * Desiderius 758–759 * Gisulf 758–763 * Theodicius 763–773 * Hildeprand 774–788

Frankish supremacy

(ND - Non-dynastic; S - Supponids; W - Widonids) * ND Winiges 789–822 * S Suppo I 822–824 * ND Adelard 824 * S Mauring 824 * S Adelchis I 824–834 * W Lambert of Nantes 834–836 * ND Berengar 836–841 * W Guy I 842–859 * W Lambert I 859–871 * S

Suppo II {{for, the second Suppo who was Duke of Spoleto, Suppo II of Spoleto Suppo II (835-885) was a member of the Supponid family. Engelberga, the wife of Louis II may have been his sister. He was Count of Parma, Asti, and Turin. Along with his cousi ...

871–876 * W Lambert I 876–880 * W Guy II 880–883 * W Guy III 883–894 * W Lambert II 894–898 * W Guy IV 895–898

Feudal duchy

* Alberic I 898–922 * Boniface I 923–928 * Peter 924–928 * Theobald I 928–936 * Anscar 936–940 * Sarlione 940–943 * Hubert 943–946 * Boniface II 946–953 * Theobald II 953–959 * Transamund III 959–967 (period uncertain) *

Pandulf I Pandulf I Ironhead (died March 981) was the Prince of Benevento and Capua from 943 (or 944) until his death. He was made Duke of Spoleto and Camerino in 967 and succeeded as Prince of Salerno in 977 or 978. He was an important nobleman in the f ...

967–981 * Landulf 981–982 * Transamund III 982–989 (possibly Transamund IV) * Hugh I the Great 989–996 (also Margrave of Tuscany) * Conrad 996–998 * Adhemar 998–999 * Romanus 1003–1010 * Rainier 1010–1020 * Hugh II 1020–1035 * Hugh III 1036–1043

Tuscan supremacy

* Boniface III 1043–1052 (also Margrave of Tuscany) * Frederick 1052–1055 (also Margrave of Tuscany) **

Beatrice of Bar Beatrice of Bar (also ''Beatrix''; c. 1020 – 18 April 1076) was the marchioness of Tuscany by marriage to Boniface III of Tuscany, and Regent of Tuscany from 1052 until her death, during the minority of and in co-regency with, her daughter Mat ...

, 1052–1055 (regent as mother of Frederick and Mathilda) ** Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lower Lorraine, 1053–1055 (regent as husband of Beatrice and step-father to Frederick and Matilda) :''to the papacy'' 1056–1057 *

Matilda Matilda or Mathilda may refer to: Animals * Matilda (chicken) (1990–2006), World's Oldest Living Chicken record holder * Matilda (horse) (1824–1846), British Thoroughbred racehorse * Matilda, a dog of the professional wrestling tag-team The ...

, 1057–1082 (also Margravine of Tuscany) ** Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lower Lorraine 1057–1069 (also regent of Tuscany) ** Godfrey the Hunchback, Duke of Lower Lorraine, 1069–1076 (also regent of Tuscany) * Rainier II 1082–1086 *

, 1086–1093 (also Margravine of Tuscany) * Werner II 1093–1119 *

Engelbert III of Sponheim Engelbert III (died 6 October 1173), a member of the Rhenish Franconian House of Sponheim, was Margrave of Istria from 1124 until his death. Life Engelbert was the second son of Margrave Engelbert II and his first wife Uta of Passau. When his f ...

, 1135–1137 (also Margrave of Tuscany) * Henry the Proud, Duke of Bavaria, 1137–1139 (also Margrave of Tuscany) * Ulrich of Attems, 1139–1152 (imperial vicar of Tuscany and Spoleto) * Welf VI, 1152–1160 (also Margrave of Tuscany) * Welf VII, 1160–1167 (also Margrave of Tuscany) * Welf VI, 1167–1173 (also Margrave of Tuscany) * Ridelulf 1173–1183 * Conrad I 1183–1190, first time * Pandulf II 1190–1195 * Conrad I 1195–1198, second time

Papal supremacy

Conrad II Conrad II ( – 4 June 1039), also known as and , was the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1027 until his death in 1039. The first of a succession of four Salian emperors, who reigned for one century until 1125, Conrad ruled the kingdoms ...

1198–1205 * Henry 1205 * Diepold 1209–1225 * Rainald 1223–1230 *

Conrad III Conrad III (german: Konrad; it, Corrado; 1093 or 1094 – 15 February 1152) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was from 1116 to 1120 Duke of Franconia, from 1127 to 1135 anti-king of his predecessor Lothair III and from 1138 until his death in 1152 ...

1227–1267 * Berthold 1251–1276 * Rainald 1251–1276 * Blasco Fernández assassinated 1367 * Guidantonio I da Montefeltro 1419–1443 *

Pedro Luis de Borja Pedro Luis de Borja, Duke of Spoleto and Marquess of Civitavecchia (1432 – 26 September 1458) was the younger brother of Rodrigo Borgia and nephew of Cardinal Alonso de Borja, who in 1455 became Pope Callixtus III. He was called Don Pedro Luis. ...

1456–1458 *

Franceschetto Cybo Franceschetto Cybo (baptized Francesco) (c. 1450 – July 25, 1519) was an Italian nobleman, noteworthy for being the illegitimate son of Pope Innocent VIII (Giovanni Battista Cybo). Later naturalized by his father into becoming his legitimate h ...

c. 1503–1519

Member of Italian royal family

* Prince Aimone Roberto Margherita Maria Giuseppe di Torino of Savoy (1904–1948)