, image =Paul Wilhelm of Württemberg.jpg , caption = , spouse = Princess Maria Sophia of Thurn and Taxis , issue = Duke Maximilian , house =

House of Württemberg The House of Württemberg is a German dynasty and former royal family from Württemberg. History County The House probably originated in the vicinity of the Salian dynasty. Around 1080 the ancestors of modern Württemberg, which was then calle ...

, father = Duke Eugen of Württemberg , mother = Princess Luise of Stolberg-Gedern , birth_date = , birth_place = Bad Carlsruhe,

Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...

Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (german: Königreich Preußen, ) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. ...

, death_date = , death_place = Mergentheim,

Kingdom of Württemberg The Kingdom of Württemberg (german: Königreich Württemberg ) was a German state that existed from 1805 to 1918, located within the area that is now Baden-Württemberg. The kingdom was a continuation of the Duchy of Württemberg, which existe ...

Duke Friedrich ''Paul Wilhelm'' of Württemberg (german: Friedrich Paul Wilhelm, Herzog von Württemberg; 25 June 1797, in Bad Carlsruhe,

– 25 November 1860, in Mergentheim,

) was a member of the

and a Duke of Württemberg. Paul Wilhelm was a German naturalist and

explorer Exploration refers to the historical practice of discovering remote lands. It is studied by geographers and historians. Two major eras of exploration occurred in human history: one of convergence, and one of divergence. The first, covering most ...

, who in the early 19th century, undertook several expeditions in North America,

North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...

, and Australia. In 1829, he discovered the

sources Source may refer to: Research * Historical document * Historical source * Source (intelligence) or sub source, typically a confidential provider of non open-source intelligence * Source (journalism), a person, publication, publishing institute o ...

of the Missouri River.

Family

Paul Wilhelm was the fifth and youngest child of Duke Eugen of Württemberg and his wife Princess Luise of Stolberg-Gedern. Through his father, Paul Wilhelm was a grandson of

Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg Friedrich Eugen, Duke of Württemberg (21 January 1732 – 23 December 1797) was the fourth son of Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg, and Princess Maria Augusta of Thurn and Taxis (11 August 1706 – 1 February 1756). He was born in Stut ...

and his wife

Friederike Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt (Friederike Sophia Dorothea; 18 December 1736 – 9 March 1798) was Duchess of Württemberg by marriage to Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg. She is an ancestor to many European royals of the 19th and ...

. He was a nephew of Frederick of Württemberg, the first

King of Württemberg King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...

Expeditions

Between the years 1822 to 1824, Paul Wilhelm's undertook his first major

research Research is " creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness ...

trip to

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

and North America. He kept a diary in which he described the places he visited in great scientific and

ethnological Ethnology (from the grc-gre, ἔθνος, meaning 'nation') is an academic field that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology). ...

detail. An artist produced numerous images of the landscapes,

plant Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclu ...

s, and

animal Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motilit ...

s. Paul Wilhelm devoted himself particularly to the study North and

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout ...

. He spent time exploring the

Western United States The Western United States (also called the American West, the Far West, and the West) is the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States. As American settlement in the U.S. expanded westward, the meaning of the term ''the We ...

and met the son of Sacagawea, Jean Baptiste Charbonneau. After his initial meeting with Jean Baptiste Charbonneau in 1823 at the

Kansas River The Kansas River, also known as the Kaw, is a river in northeastern Kansas in the United States. It is the southwesternmost part of the Missouri River drainage, which is in turn the northwesternmost portion of the extensive Mississippi River dr ...

, likely arranged by

William Clark William Clark (August 1, 1770 – September 1, 1838) was an American explorer, soldier, Indian agent, and territorial governor. A native of Virginia, he grew up in pre-statehood Kentucky before later settling in what became the state of Miss ...

, Paul Wilhelm left camp and headed north with Great Plains veteran

Toussaint Charbonneau Toussaint Charbonneau (March 20, 1767 – August 12, 1843) was a French-Canadian explorer, trader and a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. He is also known as the husband of Sacagawea. Early years Charbonneau was born in Boucherv ...

, Jean Baptiste's father and Sacagawea's husband, hired as an interpreter. The Duke’s party spent five months in the upper Missouri country visiting trading forts,

Indian tribe In the United States, an American Indian tribe, Native American tribe, Alaska Native village, tribal nation, or similar concept is any extant or historical clan, tribe, band, nation, or other group or community of Native Americans in the Unit ...

s, and collecting scientific data. Paul Wilhelm is traditionally included as one of the first explorers of the

headwaters The headwaters of a river or stream is the farthest place in that river or stream from its estuary or downstream confluence with another river, as measured along the course of the river. It is also known as a river's source. Definition The ...

of the

Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...

and

Missouri Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee): Iowa to the north, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee to the east, Arkansas t ...

river A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of w ...

s. As late as the 1850s, he visited Baron Ottomar von Behr, a German

farmer A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials. The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock. A farmer m ...

and

sheep Sheep or domestic sheep (''Ovis aries'') are domesticated, ruminant mammals typically kept as livestock. Although the term ''sheep'' can apply to other species in the genus '' Ovis'', in everyday usage it almost always refers to domesticated ...

breeder,

meteorologist A meteorologist is a scientist who studies and works in the field of meteorology aiming to understand or predict Earth's atmospheric phenomena including the weather. Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologists in research, while t ...

, and scientist living in Sisterdale,

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

. When he visited

New Braunfels New Braunfels ( ) is a city in Comal and Guadalupe counties in the U.S. state of Texas known for its German Texan heritage. It is the seat of Comal County. The city covers and had a population of 90,403 as of the 2020 Census. A suburb just north ...

on an 1855 visit, artist Carl G. von Iwonski made him a gift of six pencil sketches of the artist's Texas work.

Marriage and later life

Paul Wilhelm married his second cousin Princess Maria Sophia of Thurn and Taxis, fifth child and fourth daughter of

Karl Alexander, 5th Prince of Thurn and Taxis , title = Prince of Thurn and Taxis , image = Karl Alexander von Thurn und Taxis.jpg , caption = , reign = 13 November 1805 – 15 July 1827 , reign-type = Period , coronation = , predecessor = ...

and his wife

Duchess Therese of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , image = Theresa of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.jpg , caption = , reign = 25 May 1789 – 15 July 1827 , coronation = , succession = Princess consort of Thurn and Taxis , spouse = , issue = Princess Charlotte ...

, on 17 April 1827 in Regensburg. Paul Wilhelm and Maria Sophia Dorothea had one son: *Duke Wilhelm Ferdinand ''Maximilian'' Karl of Württemberg (

Schloss Taxis Schloss Taxis (originally known as Burg Trugenhofen) is a privately owned castle in Dischingen in the Heidenheim district of Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg (; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a German state () in Southwest G ...

3 September 1828 – Regensburg 28 July 1888), married Princess Hermine of Schaumburg-Lippe, eldest child of

Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe Adolphus I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (''Adolf Georg''; 1 August 1817 – 8 May 1893) was a ruler of the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe. Biography He was born in Bückeburg to Georg Wilhelm, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe and Princess Ida of W ...

He and Maria Sophia Dorothea divorced as early as 2 May 1835. After his marriage ended, Paul Wilhelm resided at Mergentheim Palace in Mergentheim, where he kept his extensive ethnological collection acquired during his travels. In Bad Carlsruhe,

, he built the palace, Palais "Paulusburg," but it was not completed until the year of his death.

Literary works

*Paul von Württemberg: ''Early Sacramento: glimpses of John Augustus Sutter, the Hok farm, and neighboring Indian tribes'', Sacramento: Sacramento Book Collectors Club, 1973 OCLC 3187671 ASIN B000GR0CVO *Paul von Württemberg: ''Paul Wilhelm, Duke of Württemberg Travels in North America 1822–1824'', Transl. by W. Robert Nitzke. Ed. by Savoie Lottinville Norman.

University of Oklahoma Press The University of Oklahoma Press (OU Press) is the publishing arm of the University of Oklahoma. Founded in 1929 by the fifth president of the University of Oklahoma, William Bennett Bizzell, it was the first university press to be established ...

, 1973 (reprint). ''The American Exploration and Travel Ser. Vol. 63''. ASIN B0006C3UE0

Honours

1831:

Honorary citizenship Honorary citizenship is a status bestowed by a city or other government on a foreign or native individual whom it considers to be especially admirable or otherwise worthy of the distinction. The honour usually is symbolic and does not confer an ...

in Bad Mergentheim 1845: Honorary membership of the Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde in WürttembergEhrenmitglieder des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg
/ref> The genus

Hohenbergia ''Hohenbergia'' is a genus of plants in the family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. It is native to the West Indies, the Yucatán Peninsula, and northern South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil). The genus name is named after Duke Paul ...

of the family Bromeliaceae has been named after Friedrich Paul Wilhelm Duke of Württemberg - who travelled the Americas under the alias of ''Baron von Hohenberg'' by

Julius Hermann Schultes Julius Hermann Schultes (4 February 1804 in Vienna – 1 September 1840 in Munich) was an Austrian botanist from Vienna. He co-authored volume 7 of the Roemer & Schultes edition of the ''Systema Vegetabilium'' with his father Josef August ...

.Lotte Burkhardt: ''Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition.'' Teil I und II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin,

Freie Universität Berlin The Free University of Berlin (, often abbreviated as FU Berlin or simply FU) is a public research university in Berlin, Germany. It is consistently ranked among Germany's best universities, with particular strengths in political science and t ...

, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi:10.3372/epolist2018. The genus '' Hohenbergiopsis'' from the same family and '' Paulo-wilhelmia'' from the

Acanthaceae Acanthaceae is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in tem ...

are also named for him.

Ancestry

References

English * * * German * Siegfried Augustin (Hg.): ''Herzog Paul Wilhelm von Württemberg, Reise nach dem nördlichen Amerika in den Jahren 1822 bis 1824''. München 1978. * Kazimierz Bobowski: "Paul Herzog von Württemberg". In: ''Das Haus Württemberg. Ein biographisches Lexikon''.

Kohlhammer Verlag W. Kohlhammer Verlag GmbH, or Kohlhammer Verlag, is a German publishing house headquartered in Stuttgart. History Kohlhammer Verlag was founded in Stuttgart on 30 April 1866 by . Kohlhammer had taken over the businesses of his late father-in-l ...

, Stuttgart 1997, * Monika Firla/Hermann Forkl: "Herzog Paul Wilhelm von Württemberg (1797 – 1860) und Afrika (Sudan, Äthiopien, Kanuri und Afroamerika)". In: ''Tribus'', N.F. 47/1998. S. 57-95. * Kilian Klann: ''Die Sammlung indianischer Ethnographica aus Nordamerika des Herzog Friedrich Paul Wilhelm von Württemberg''. Wyk auf Föhr 1999. * Monika Firla: "Herzog Paul Wilhelm von Württemberg. Naturforscher, Ethnograph, Reisender, Sammler und Museumsgründer". In: Gerhard Thaddey/Joachim Fischer (Hg.): ''Lebensbilder aus Baden-Württemberg.'' Band 20. Stuttgart 2001. S. 226–257.

External links

*
Herzog Paul Wilhelm von Württemberg und Balduin Möllhausen

* ttp://www.siue.edu/lovejoylibrary/tas/Abbott_intro.htm John Cushman Abbott Exhibit Supplement��includes a discussion of Duke Paul and his book ''Erste Reise nach dem Nördlichen Americka in den Jahren 1822 bis 1824'', and a downloadable pdf of the book. {{DEFAULTSORT:Paul Wilhelm Of Wurttemberg, Duke 1797 births 1860 deaths Dukes of Württemberg (titular) People from Namysłów County People from the Province of Silesia German explorers German explorers of North America German explorers of Africa Explorers of Australia German naturalists German ethnologists People of the American Old West Members of the Württembergian Chamber of Lords