The rulers of Lorraine have held different posts under different governments over different regions, since its creation as the kingdom of
Lotharingia by the
Treaty of Prüm, in 855. The first rulers of the newly established region were
kings of the Franks. The Latin construction "Lotharingia" evolved over time into "Lorraine" in French, "Lotharingen" in Dutch and "Lothringen" in German. After the
Carolingian
The Carolingian dynasty (; known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings, Karolinger or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family named after Charlemagne, grandson of mayor Charles Martel and a descendant of the Arnulfing and Pippin ...
kingdom was absorbed into its neighbouring realms in the late ninth century, dukes were appointed over the territory. In the mid-tenth century, the duchy was divided into
Lower Lorraine and
Upper Lorraine, the first evolving into the historical
Low Countries, the second became known as the
Duchy of Lorraine and existed well into the modern era.
Kings of Lotharingia
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Lothair II
Lothair II (835 – 8 August 869) was the king of Lotharingia from 855 until his death. He was the second son of Emperor Lothair I and Ermengarde of Tours. He was married to Teutberga (died 875), daughter of Boso the Elder.
Reign
For political ...
(855–869)
Charles the Bald claimed Lotharingia on Lothair's death and was crowned king in
Metz, but his brother
Louis the German opposed his claim and in 870 the
Treaty of Mersen
The Treaty of Mersen or Meerssen, concluded on 8 August 870, was a treaty to partition the realm of Lothair II, known as Lotharingia, by his uncles Louis the German of East Francia and Charles the Bald of West Francia, the two surviving sons of E ...
divided Lotharingia between the two brothers and subsequently their sons. In 880, the
Treaty of Ribemont gave the whole of Lotharingia to
Louis the Younger, son of Louis the German.
*
Charles the Bald (869–870), also king of West Francia and Italy, and Carolingian emperor
*
Louis the Younger (880–882), also king of Saxony and Bavaria
*
Charles the Fat (882–887), also king of West Francia, East Francia, Alemannia, Aquitaine and Italy, and Carolingian emperor
*
Arnulf of Carinthia
Arnulf of Carinthia ( 850 – 8 December 899) was the duke of Carinthia who overthrew his uncle Emperor Charles the Fat to become the Carolingian king of East Francia from 887, the disputed king of Italy from 894 and the disputed emperor from Feb ...
(887–895), also king of East Francia and Italy, and Carolingian emperor
*
Zwentibold (895–900)
*
Louis the Child (900–911), also king of East Francia
*
Charles the Simple (911–923), also king of West Francia
In 925, Lotharingia was subsumed into
East Francia
East Francia (Medieval Latin: ) or the Kingdom of the East Franks () was a successor state of Charlemagne's Carolingian Empire, empire ruled by the Carolingian dynasty until 911. It was created through the Treaty of Verdun (843) which divided t ...
.
Dukes of Lorraine
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Gebhard (903–910)
*
Reginar (910–915)
*
Gilbert Gilbert may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Gilbert (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters
*Gilbert (surname), including a list of people
Places Australia
* Gilbert River (Queensland)
* Gilbert River (South ...
(915–939)
*
Henry (939–940)
*
Otto (942–944)
*
Conrad
Conrad may refer to:
People
* Conrad (name)
Places
United States
* Conrad, Illinois, an unincorporated community
* Conrad, Indiana, an unincorporated community
* Conrad, Iowa, a city
* Conrad, Montana, a city
* Conrad Glacier, Washington ...
(944–953)
*
Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne
Bruno the Great (german: Brun(o) von Sachsen, "Bruno of Saxony"; la, Bruno Magnus; May 925 – 11 October 965 AD) was Archbishop of Cologne''Religious Drama and Ecclesiastical Reform in the Tenth Century'', James H. Forse, ''Early Theatre'', V ...
(953–965)
In 959, Lorraine was divided into two districts, Lower and Upper Lorraine, each governed by a
margrave, under Bruno. Upon Bruno's death in 965, both margraves were recognised as dukes of
Lower and
Upper Lorraine, respectively. The two duchies remained separate, following separate pathways, except for the brief period between 1033 and 1044.
Dukes of Lower Lorraine
:''Note that the numbering of the dukes varies between sources.''
Matfriding dynasty
*
Godfrey I (959–964)
Carolingian dynasty
*
Charles
Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English language, English and French language, French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic, Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*k ...
(976–991)
*
Otto (991–1012)
House of Ardennes–Verdun
*
Godfrey II (1012–1023) (also known as Godfrey I)
*
Gothelo I (1023–1044) (also duke of Upper Lorraine)
*
Gothelo II (1044–1046)
House of Luxembourg
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Frederick (1046–1065)
House of Ardennes–Verdun
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Godfrey III ''the Bearded'' (1065–1069) (also known as Godfrey II, previously duke of Upper Lorraine)
*
Godfrey IV (1069–1076) (also known as Godfrey III)
Salian dynasty
*
Conrad
Conrad may refer to:
People
* Conrad (name)
Places
United States
* Conrad, Illinois, an unincorporated community
* Conrad, Indiana, an unincorporated community
* Conrad, Iowa, a city
* Conrad, Montana, a city
* Conrad Glacier, Washington ...
(1076–1087)
House of Boulogne (Ardennes–Bouillon)
*
Godfrey V "of Bouillon" (1087–1100) (also known as Godfrey IV), one of the leaders of the
First Crusade and the first ruler of the
Kingdom of Jerusalem
House of Limburg
*
Henry I (1101–1106)
House of Leuven
*
Godfrey I of Leuven (1106–1129) (also known as Godfrey V)
House of Limburg
*
Waleran (1129–1139)
House of Leuven
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Godfrey II of Leuven (1139–1142) (also known as Godfrey VI)
*
Godfrey III of Leuven (1142–1190) (also known as Godfrey VII)
:''Passes to the
Duke of Brabant, who until 1795 kept the title "
Duke of Lothier".''
Dukes of Upper Lorraine
House of Ardenne–Bar
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Frederick I (959–978)
*
Theodoric I (978–1026/1027)
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Frederick II (1026/1027)
*
Frederick III (1026/1027–1033)
House of Ardenne–Verdun
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Gothelo (r. 1033–1044) (also duke of Lower Lorraine).
*
Godfrey Godfrey may refer to:
People
* Godfrey (name), a given name and surname
* Godfrey (comedian), American comedian, actor
Places In the United States
* Godfrey, Georgia, an unincorporated community
* Godfrey, Illinois, a village
* Godfrey, Kansas, an ...
, ''the Bearded'' (r. 1044–1046) (later duke of Lower Lorraine)
House of Metz (Ardenne–Metz)
House of Anjou
House of Lorraine
''Junior branch of the previous rulers of Ardennes–Metz, known as the House of Lorraine''
House of Leszczyński
The
House of Habsburg-Lorraine continued carrying the title as titular Dukes of Lorraine.
See also
*
Lorraine (duchy)
*
Lorraine (province)
The Duchy of Lorraine (french: Lorraine ; german: Lothringen ), originally Upper Lorraine, was a duchy now included in the larger present-day region of Lorraine in northeastern France. Its capital was Nancy.
It was founded in 959 following t ...
*
Lorraine (region)
Lorraine , also , , ; Lorrain: ''Louréne''; Lorraine Franconian: ''Lottringe''; german: Lothringen ; lb, Loutrengen; nl, Lotharingen is a cultural and historical region in Northeastern France, now located in the administrative region of Gr ...
External links
Titles of the dukes of Lorraine from contemporary documents with bibliography
Further reading
Putnam, Ruth. ''Alsace and Lorraine: From Cæsar to Kaiser, 58 B.C.-1871 A.D.'' New York: 1915.
{{Authority control
History of Lorraine
Lorraine