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Dragomir M. Hurmuzescu (13 March 1865, in
Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...
– 31 May 1954, in Bucharest) was a Romanian physicist and inventor, teacher at the
University of Iași The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University (Romanian: ''Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza"''; acronym: UAIC) is a public university located in Iași, Romania. Founded by an 1860 decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza, under whom the former Academia Mih ...
and the University of Bucharest, and a correspondent member at the Romanian Academy. He is the founder of the
electrotechnics Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems which use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the l ...
science in Romania and a scientific collaborator of
Marie Marie may refer to: People Name * Marie (given name) * Marie (Japanese given name) * Marie (murder victim), girl who was killed in Florida after being pushed in front of a moving vehicle in 1973 * Marie (died 1759), an enslaved Cree person in ...
and
Pierre Curie Pierre Curie ( , ; 15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity, and radioactivity. In 1903, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Curie, and Henri Becquer ...
.


Biography


Early years

He went to primary school on Polonă Street, in Sector 1 of
Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...
. His secondary school studies were at the Matei Basarab and Saint Sava high schools. During high school, due to financial shortcomings, he had to financially support his family and started to teach French to children from wealthy families. After graduating from high school, he volunteered in the 4th Vânători Battalion. He moved to Upper Normal School, where he received a scholarship for physics at the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Bucharest. In 1887, at 22 years of age, he graduated from the Physics and Mathematics Department and went to Paris to pursue the Ph.D. studies at the University of Paris.


Doctoral studies

While in Paris, Hurmuzescu met important European physicists like
Joseph Bertrand Joseph Louis François Bertrand (; 11 March 1822 – 5 April 1900) was a French mathematician who worked in the fields of number theory, differential geometry, probability theory, economics and thermodynamics. Biography Joseph Bertrand was the ...
and
Gabriel Lippmann Jonas Ferdinand Gabriel Lippmann (16 August 1845 – 13 July 1921) was a Franco- Luxembourgish physicist and inventor, and Nobel laureate in physics for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interfere ...
. In 1894, in preparation for his thesis, guided by his teacher, the Romanian scientist invented an insulator made up of a mixture of sulfur and paraffin used in the construction of electroscopes and named it "dielectrine". He began to publish his works in magazines such as the "Bulletin of the Société Française de Physique" and the "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences". Shortly after the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen (1895), Hurmuzescu announced with Louis Benoist the discovery for the first time of the ionization effect produced by X-ray radiations on electrified gases and bodies. This effect is highlighted and measured with a device created by Hurmuzescu - the electroscope that bears his name. On April 28, 1896, Dragomir Hurmuzescu defended his doctoral thesis, titled "Sur une nouvele détermination du rapport V entre les été électrostatiques et électromagnétiques", which included one of the most accurate measurements for the speed of light.


Teaching years

In 1896, after obtaining his doctorate degree, Hurmuzescu returned to Romania and was appointed lecturer at the Department of Mathematical Physics from the
University of Iași The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University (Romanian: ''Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza"''; acronym: UAIC) is a public university located in Iași, Romania. Founded by an 1860 decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza, under whom the former Academia Mih ...
. A year later, he took over, as a substitute professor, the Department of Gravity, Heat and Electricity, within the same faculty. In 1903, Henri Becquerel used the Hurmuzescu electroscope in Nobel Prize-awarded radioactivity research. In December 1904, Dragomir Hurmuzescu received the post of secretary general at the Ministry of Public Instruction and Cults, a political post in the new government. The idea for accepting such a political appointment was that it was the only way to finance the development of education in a form as it had been seen in the West. From this position, Hurmuzescu sought ways to establish a more effective experimental education in physio-chemical sciences. In 1909, following years of preparation supervised by Dragomir Hurmuzescu, the courses of the School of Electricity at the University of Iași, the first electrotechnical school in the country, were opened. Between 1910 and 1911, the researcher supported and published a number of scientific papers on X-rays, research of radioactivity of mineral, and mineral waters in Romania, and on the improvement of galvanometers. In 1913, he was transferred to
Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...
, where he was appointed director of the Electrotechnical Institute. In 1916, he was elected a correspondent member of the Romanian Academy, and in 1932, he was elected a Honorary Member of the French Electricians Society. In 1926, Hurmuzescu established in Bucharest the first radio broadcasting station in Romania. At the same time, he made his first attempts at wireless telegraphy transmission. On November 1, 1928, the first radio signal was heard from Romania, featuring Hurmuzescu. He was also elected chairman of the Board of Directors at the Romanian Radio Broadcasting Corporation. In 1934, the first Romanian Science Congress was organized under Hurmuzescu in Bucharest. He retired in 1937 and died in 1954, aged 89. He was buried in Bucharest's
Bellu Cemetery Șerban Vodă Cemetery (commonly known as Bellu Cemetery) is the largest and most famous cemetery in Bucharest, Romania. It is located on a plot of land donated to the local administration by Baron Barbu Bellu. It has been in use since 1858. T ...
. A street in the city's Sector 5 is named after him.


References


External references


Membrii Academiei Române din 1866 până în prezent – H

Biography.name



Enciclopedia României


{{DEFAULTSORT:Hurmuzescu, Dragomir 1865 births 1954 deaths University of Bucharest alumni University of Paris alumni Academic staff of the University of Bucharest Academic staff of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Romanian physicists Corresponding members of the Romanian Academy Burials at Bellu Cemetery Romanian electrical engineers