The dollar sign, also known as peso sign, is a
symbol consisting of a
capital
Capital may refer to:
Common uses
* Capital city, a municipality of primary status
** List of national capital cities
* Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences
* Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used fo ...
"
S" crossed with one or two vertical strokes ($ or ), used to indicate the unit of various
currencies around the world, including most currencies denominated "
peso
The peso is the monetary unit of several countries in the Americas, and the Philippines. Originating in the Spanish Empire, the word translates to "weight". In most countries the peso uses the same sign, "$", as many currencies named " doll ...
" and "
dollar". The explicitly double-barred sign is called cifrão.
The sign is also used in several compound currency symbols, such as the
Brazilian real
The Brazilian real ( pl. '; sign: R$; code: BRL) is the official currency of Brazil. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. The Central Bank of Brazil is the central bank and the issuing authority. The real replaced the cruzeiro real in 1994 ...
(R$) and the
Nicaraguan córdoba (C$).
The one- and two-stroke version are often considered mere stylistic (
typeface
A typeface (or font family) is the design of lettering that can include variations in size, weight (e.g. bold), slope (e.g. italic), width (e.g. condensed), and so on. Each of these variations of the typeface is a font.
There are thousands o ...
) variants, although in some places and epochs one of them may have been specifically assigned, by law or custom, to a specific currency. The
Unicode
Unicode, formally The Unicode Standard,The formal version reference is is an information technology standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. The standard, ...
computer encoding standard defines a single code for both.
In most
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ...
-speaking countries that use that symbol, it is placed to the left of the amount specified, e.g. "$1", read as "one dollar".
History
Use for the Spanish American peso in the late 1700s
The symbol appears in business correspondence in the 1770s from Spanish America, the early independent U.S., British America and Britain, referring to the Spanish American peso, also known as "
Spanish dollar" or "piece of eight" in British America. Those coins provided the model for the currency that the United States adopted in 1792, and for the larger coins of the new Spanish American republics, such as the
Mexican peso,
Argentine peso,
Peruvian real, and
Bolivian sol coins.
With the
Coinage Act of 1792, the United States Congress created the U.S. dollar, defining it to have "the value of a Spanish milled dollar as the same is now current" but a variety of foreign coins were deemed to be
legal tender until the
Coinage Act of 1857
The Coinage Act of 1857 (Act of Feb. 21, 1857, Chap. 56, 34th Cong., Sess. III, 11 Stat. 163) was an act of the United States Congress which ended the status of foreign coins as legal tender, repealing all acts "authorizing the currency of foreig ...
ended this status.
The earliest U.S. dollar coins did not have any dollar symbol. The first occurrence in print is claimed to be from 1790s, by a Philadelphia printer
Archibald Binny, creator of the
Monticello typeface.
[Hephzibah Anderson (2019):]
The curious origins of the dollar symbol
. Online article at the BBC website, dated 29 May 2019. Accessed on 2021-08-12. The $1
United States Note issued by the United States in 1869 included a large symbol consisting of a "U" with the right bar overlapping an "S" like a single-bar dollar sign, as well as a very small double-stroke dollar sign in the legal warning against forgery.
Earlier history of the symbol
It is still uncertain, however, how the dollar sign came to represent the Spanish American peso. There are currently several competing hypotheses:
* One theory holds that the sign grew out of the Spanish and Spanish American
scribal abbreviation "p
s" for pesos. A study of late 18th- and early 19th-century
manuscript
A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand – or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten – as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced i ...
s shows that the ''s'' gradually came to be written over the ''p'', developing into a close equivalent to the "$" mark.
However, there are documents showing the common use of the two-stroke version in Portugal already by 1775.
[
* Another hypothesis derives the sign from a depiction of the Pillars of Hercules, a classical symbol for two sides of the Strait of Gibraltar, with a ribbon wrapped around both each pillar (or both pillars) in the form of an "S". This device is common support element of the Spanish coat of arms, and appeared on the most common ''real de ocho'' coins circulating at the time in the Americas and Europe; namely, those minted at the Potosí mint in Bolivia, which operated from 1573 to 1825.][ Indeed, one of the names used for Spanish dollars in ]Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
China was .[Ulrich Theobald (2016):]
Qing Period Money: Foreign Silver 'Dollars'
. Online article in the website ''ChinaKnowledge.de - An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art'', dated Apr 13, 2016. Accessed on 2021-08-14.
* A variant of the above theory claims that the sign comes from the mark
Mark may refer to:
Currency
* Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark, the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
* East German mark, the currency of the German Democratic Republic
* Estonian mark, the currency of Estonia between 1918 and 1927
* Finn ...
of the mint at Potosí, where a large portion of the Spanish Empire's silver was mined, also featured on those coin, which consisted of the letters "P T S I" superimposed. The core of this monogram is a (single-stroked) "$" sign.[Sandra Choron and Harry Choron (2011): ]
Money Everything You Never Knew About Your Favorite Thing to Find, Save, Spend & Covet
'. Chronicle Books LLC 336 pages.
* Yet another hypothesis notes that the English word "dollar" for the Spanish piece of eight originally came (through Dutch ''daalder'') from Joachimsthaler
A thaler (; also taler, from german: Taler) is one of the large silver coins minted in the states and territories of the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy during the Early Modern period. A ''thaler'' size silver coin has a diameter of ...
or thaler, a similar large German silver coin which was widely used in Europe. It is therefore conjectured that the dollar sign derived from a symbol consisting of a superimposing S and I or J that was used to denote the German silver coin. Such symbol appears in the 1686 edition of ''An Introduction to Merchants' Accounts'' by John Collins. Alternatively, the symbol could have come from a snake and cross emblem on the thaler coins.[
]
Less likely theories
The following theories seem to have been discredited or contradicted by documentary evidence:
* Some historians have attributed the symbol to Oliver Pollock
Oliver Pollock (1737, Bready, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland – December 17, 1823, Pinckneyville, Mississippi) was a merchant and financier of the American Revolutionary War, of which he has long been considered a historically undervalued ...
, a wealthy Irish trader and early supporter of the American Revolution, who used the abbreviation "ps", sometimes run together, in a letter dated 1778.[Joshua D. Rothman (2018):]
The Curious Origins of the Dollar Sign
Online article on the ''We're History'' website, dated 2018-04-01. Accessed on 2021-08-12.
* In 1937, historian James Alton James claimed that the symbol with two strokes was an adapted design of patriot Robert Morris in 1778, in letters written to Pollock.[
* In 1939, H. M. Larson suggested that the sign could derive from a combination of the Greek character "psi" (ψ) and "S".
* Writer Ayn Rand claimed in her 1957 book '']Atlas Shrugged
''Atlas Shrugged'' is a 1957 novel by Ayn Rand. It was her longest novel, the fourth and final one published during her lifetime, and the one she considered her ''magnum opus'' in the realm of fiction writing. ''Atlas Shrugged'' includes elemen ...
'' that the sign started off as a monogram of "US", with a narrow "U" superimposed on the "S", which would have been used on money bags issued by the United States Mint. In her theory, the bottom part of the "U" would have been lost, producing the dollar sign with two vertical lines.[(2018):]
Where did the dollar sign come from?
Online article of the ''History'' channel website, dated 2018-08-22. Accessed on 2021-08-12.[
* Authors T. Seijas and J. Frederick noted that the captors of slaves in Spanish territories sometimes branded enslaved people with a symbol very similar to a one-barred dollar sign. ''Esclavo'' is Spanish for "slave," and ''clavo'' means nail. A dollar sign is S + ''clavo''.]
* A theory often cited in Portuguese speaking countries is that the "S" part of the doubly-stroked sign is a schematic representation of the path followed by the Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by th ...
general Tariq Ibn Ziyad in his conquest of the Visigoth kingdom in 711 CE, and the two strokes represent the Pillars of Hercules that he would have crossed along that path. That symbol would have been engraved in coins commemorating his victory, and then became symbolic of currency in general.[(2015): "Origem do Cifrão". Note on the website of the Casa da Moeda do Brasil (Brazilian Mint). Accessed on 2021-08-12.]
Currencies that use the dollar sign
As symbol of the currency
The numerous currencies called " dollar" use the dollar sign to express money amounts. The sign is also generally used for the many currencies called "peso
The peso is the monetary unit of several countries in the Americas, and the Philippines. Originating in the Spanish Empire, the word translates to "weight". In most countries the peso uses the same sign, "$", as many currencies named " doll ...
" (except the Philippine peso
The Philippine peso, also referred to by its Tagalog name ''piso'' ( Philippine English: , , plural pesos; tl, piso ; sign: ₱; code: PHP), is the official currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 ''sentimo'', also called ...
, which uses the symbol " ₱"). Within a country the dollar/peso sign may be used alone. In other cases, and to avoid ambiguity in international usage, it is usually combined with other glyphs, e.g. CA$ or Can$ for Canadian dollar.
The dollar sign, alone or in combination with other glyphs, is or was used to denote several currencies with other names, including:
* Brazilian cruzeiro (various currencies, all defunct): ₢$, , , , etc.
* Brazilian real
The Brazilian real ( pl. '; sign: R$; code: BRL) is the official currency of Brazil. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. The Central Bank of Brazil is the central bank and the issuing authority. The real replaced the cruzeiro real in 1994 ...
: R$
* Ethiopian birr (until 1976): E$
* Macanese pataca: MOP$
* Nicaraguan córdoba: C$
* Samoan tālā
The tālā is the currency of Samoa. It is divided into 100 ''sene''. The terms ''tālā'' and ''sene'' are the equivalents or transliteration of the English words ''dollar'' and ''cent'', in the Samoan language. Its symbol is $, or ''WS$'' to d ...
(a transliteration of the word dollar): $
* Tongan paʻanga
The paanga is the currency of Tonga. It is controlled by the National Reserve Bank of Tonga (''Pangikē Pule Fakafonua o Tonga'') in Nukualofa. The paanga is not convertible and is pegged to a basket of currencies comprising the Australian, Ne ...
: T$
* Malaya and British Borneo dollar
The Malaya and British Borneo dollar ( ms, ringgit; ms, رڠڬيت, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) was the currency of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, North Borneo, Brunei and the Riau archipelago from 1953 to 1967 and was the successo ...
(1957–1967): $
* Malaysian ringgit
The Malaysian ringgit (; plural: ringgit; symbol: RM; currency code: MYR; Malay name: ''Ringgit Malaysia''; formerly the Malaysian dollar) is the currency of Malaysia. It is divided into 100 ''sen'' (formerly ''cents''). The ringgit is issu ...
(1967–1997): $,
Prefix or suffix
In the United States, Mexico, Australia, Argentina, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Pacific Island nations, and English-speaking Canada, the sign is written before the number ("$5"), even though the word is written or spoken after it ("five dollars", "''cinco pesos''"). In French-speaking Canada, exceptionally, the dollar symbol usually appears after the number, e.g., "". (The cent symbol is written after the number in most countries that use it, e.g., "5 ¢".)
Use in the Portuguese Empire
In Portugal, Brazil, and other parts of the Portuguese Empire, the two-stroke variant of the sign (with the name ; () was used as the thousands separator of amounts in the national currency, the real (plural "réis", abbreviated "Rs."): meant "". This usage is attested in 1775, but may be older by a century or more.[João Joseph Du Beux (1775)]
Receipt of Rs.
for purchase by of 50 volumes of the ''Acta Santorum'' by the College of the Carmo of Coimbra. Quote: "Recebemos ..a quantia de Duzentos Settenta mil reis ..por Clareza passamos este Coimbra 15 de Março de 1775. São Rs". Cartório do Colégio do Carmo, Maço 35, n.o 17. apud ALMEIDA, Manuel Lopes in "Livro, livreiros, impressores em documentos da Universidade", Arquivo de Bibliografia Portuguesa, ano X-XII, Atlântida, Coimbra, 1964-66, n o 37-48. It is always written with two vertical lines: . It is the official sign of the Cape Verdean escudo
The escudo (sign: ; ISO 4217: CVE) is the currency of the Republic of Cape Verde. One escudo is subdivided into one hundred ''centavos''.
Amounts are generally written by using the () as the decimal separator, such as for 20 escudos, or for ...
( ISO 4217: CVE).
In 1911 Portugal redefined the national currency as the escudo, worth , and divided into 100 ; but the ''cifrão'' continued to be used as the decimal separator,[ so that meant or 123 escudos and 50 centavos. This usage ended in 2002 when the country switched to the ]euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
. (A similar scheme to use a letter symbol instead of a decimal point is used by the RKM code
The RKM code, also referred to as "letter and numeral code for resistance and capacitance values and tolerances", "letter and digit code for resistance and capacitance values and tolerances", or informally as "R notation" is a notation to speci ...
in electrical engineering since 1952.)
Cape Verde, a republic and former Portuguese colony, similarly switched from the real to their local escudo and centavos in 1914, and retains the ''cifrão'' usage as decimals separator as of 2021. Local versions of the Portuguese escudo were for a time created also for other overseas colonies, including East Timor
East Timor (), also known as Timor-Leste (), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-w ...
(1958–1975), Portuguese India (1958–1961), Angola (1914–1928 and 1958–1977), Mozambique (1914–1980), Portuguese Guinea
Portuguese Guinea ( pt, Guiné), called the Overseas Province of Guinea from 1951 until 1972 and then State of Guinea from 1972 until 1974, was a West African colony of Portugal from 1588 until 10 September 1974, when it gained independence as G ...
(1914–1975), and São Tomé and Príncipe (1914–1977); presumably all using the ''cifrão'' as decimals separator.
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
retained the real and the ''cifrão'' as thousands separator until 1942, when it switched to the Brazilian cruzeiro, with comma as the decimals separator. The dollar sign, officially with one stroke but often rendered with two, was retained as part of the currency symbol , so one would write for 13 cruzeiros and 50 centavos.[(1960): Price on th]
front cover
of the 1960-05-07 issue of '' O Cruzeiro'' magazine, reproduced on the ''Muzeez'' website on 2016-12-105. Accessed on 2021-08-14.
It was formerly used by the Portuguese escudo
The Portuguese escudo was the currency of Portugal from May 22nd 1911 until the introduction of the euro on January 1st 2002. The escudo was subdivided into 100 . The word derives from the scutum shield.
Amounts in escudos were written as ...
(ISO: PTE) before its replacement by the euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
and by the Portuguese Timor escudo
The escudo was the currency of Portuguese Timor between 1959 and 1976. It replaced the pataca at a rate of 5.6 escudos = 1 pataca and was equivalent to the Portuguese escudo. It was replaced by the Indonesian rupiah at an unknown exchange rat ...
(ISO: TPE) before its replacement by the Indonesian rupiah and the US dollar.[Lisbon-tourist-guide.com.]
Portuguese Escudo
" 2008. In Portuguese and Cape Verdean usage, the is placed as a decimal point between the escudo and values.[Banco de Cabo Verde.]
Moedas
." Accessed 25 Feb 2011. The name originates in the Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...
(), meaning 'zero'.
Fictional currencies
Some virtual world and gaming platforms have used the $ symbol to refer to their own virtual currencies, for example:
* S$: Sansar dollars ('' Sansar'')
* L$: Linden dollars ('' Second Life'')
* M$: Minecoins ('' Minecraft'')
* D$: Dark dollars ('' Deltarune'')
One stroke vs. two strokes
In some places and at some times, the one- and two-stroke variants have been used in the same contexts to distinguish between the U.S. dollar and other local currency, such as the former Portuguese escudo
The Portuguese escudo was the currency of Portugal from May 22nd 1911 until the introduction of the euro on January 1st 2002. The escudo was subdivided into 100 . The word derives from the scutum shield.
Amounts in escudos were written as ...
.
However, such usage is not standardized, and furthermore the two versions are generally considered mere graphic variants of the same symbol—a typeface design choice. Computer and typewriter keyboards usually have a single key for that sign, and many character encodings (including ASCII
ASCII ( ), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because ...
and Unicode
Unicode, formally The Unicode Standard,The formal version reference is is an information technology standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. The standard, ...
) reserve a single numeric code for it. Indeed, dollar signs in the same digital document may be rendered with one or two strokes, if different computer fonts are used. Should that ambiguity be significant, one may use explicit abbreviations (like "" or "$NZ"), or ISO 4217 three-letter currency codes (such as USD and MXN
The Mexican peso (Currency symbol, symbol: $; ISO 4217, code: MXN) is the currency of Mexico. Modern peso and dollar currencies have a common origin in the 16th–19th century Spanish dollar, most continuing to use dollar sign, its sign, "$".
...
) to distinguish different currencies that use the symbol.
When a specific variant is not mandated by law or custom, the choice is usually a matter of expediency or aesthetic preference. Both versions were used in the US in the 18th century. (An 1861 Civil War
A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).
The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government polici ...
-era advertisement depicts the two-stroked symbol as a snake.[) The two-stroke version seems to be generally less popular today, though used in some "old-style" fonts like Baskerville.
]
Use in computer software
Because of its use in early American computer applications such as business accounting, the dollar sign is almost universally present in computer character sets, and thus has been appropriated for many purposes unrelated to money in programming languages and command language
A command language is a language for job control in computing. It is a domain-specific and interpreted language; common examples of a command language are shell or batch programming languages.
These languages can be used directly at the comman ...
s.
Encoding
The dollar sign "$" has Unicode code point U+0024 (inherited from ASCII
ASCII ( ), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because ...
via Latin-1).
*
There are no separate encodings for one- and two-line variants. The choice is typeface-dependent, they are allographs. However, there are three other code points that originate from other East Asian standards: the Taiwanese small form variant, the CJK fullwidth form, and the Japanese emoji. The glyphs for these code points are typically larger or smaller than the primary code point, but the difference is mostly aesthetic or typographic, and the meanings of the symbols are the same.
*
*
*
However, for usage as the special character in various computing applications (see following sections), U+0024 is typically the only code that is recognized.
Support for the two-line variant varies. the Unicode
Unicode, formally The Unicode Standard,The formal version reference is is an information technology standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. The standard, ...
standard considers the distinction between one- and two-bar dollar signs a stylistic distinction between fonts, and has no separate code point for the . The symbol is not in the October 2019 'pipeline', but appears to be under active consideration.
The following fonts display a double-bar dollar sign for code point 0024: regular-weight Baskerville, Big Caslon, Bodoni MT, Bradley Hand ITC, Brush Script MT, Garamond
Garamond is a group of many serif typefaces, named for sixteenth-century Parisian engraver Claude Garamond, generally spelled as Garamont in his lifetime. Garamond-style typefaces are popular and particularly often used for book printing and bo ...
, STFangsong, STKaiti, and STSong ($).
In LaTeX, with the textcomp package installed, the () can be input using the command \textdollaroldstyle
.
However, because of font substitution
Font substitution is the process of using one typeface in place of another when the intended typeface either is not available or does not contain glyphs for the required characters.
Font substitution can be aided by:
* classifying fonts into ge ...
and the lack of a dedicated code point, the author of an electronic document who uses one of these fonts intending to represent a cannot be sure that every reader will see a double-bar glyph rather than the single barred version.
Because of the continued lack of support in Unicode, a single bar dollar sign is frequently employed in its place even for official purposes. Where there is any risk of misunderstanding, the ISO 4217 three letter acronym
A three-letter acronym (TLA), or three-letter abbreviation, is an abbreviation consisting of three letters. These are usually the initial letters of the words of the phrase abbreviated, and are written in capital letters (upper case); three-lette ...
is used.
Programming languages
* was used for defining string variables in older versions of the BASIC language, e.g. ( was often pronounced "string" instead of "dollar" in this use).
* is prefixed to names to define variables in the PHP language and the AutoIt automation script language, scalar variables in the Perl
Perl is a family of two high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming languages. "Perl" refers to Perl 5, but from 2000 to 2019 it also referred to its redesigned "sister language", Perl 6, before the latter's name was offic ...
language (see sigil (computer programming)), and global variables in the Ruby
A ruby is a pinkish red to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum ( aluminium oxide). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called ...
language. In Perl programming this includes scalar elements of arrays and hashes .
* In most shell scripting languages, is used to indicate the insertion into strings of environment variables, special variables, input data fields, previous commands, arithmetic computations, and special characters, and for performing translation of localised strings. In the shell script languages of CP/M, DOS, and several Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X or *nix) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-li ...
systems, it is used to insert variable information (such as the current working directory, user name, or sequential command number) in the command prompt
Command Prompt, also known as cmd.exe or cmd, is the default command-line interpreter for the OS/2, eComStation, ArcaOS, Microsoft Windows (Windows NT family and Windows CE family), and ReactOS operating systems. On Windows CE .NET 4.2, ...
.
* is used for defining hexadecimal constants in Pascal
Pascal, Pascal's or PASCAL may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Pascal (given name), including a list of people with the name
* Pascal (surname), including a list of people and fictional characters with the name
** Blaise Pascal, Frenc ...
-like languages such as Delphi, and in some variants of assembly language.
* is used in the ALGOL 68 language to delimit transput format regions.
* is used in the TeX typesetting language to delimit mathematical regions.
* In many versions of FORTRAN 66, could be used as an alternative to a quotation mark for delimiting strings.
* In PL/M, can be used to put a visible separation between words in compound identifiers. For example, refers to the same thing as 'SomeName'.
* In Haskell, is used as a function application operator.
* In an AutoHotkey script, a hotkey declared with is not triggered by a 'Send' command elsewhere in the script.
* In several JavaScript
JavaScript (), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. As of 2022, 98% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior, of ...
frameworks such as Prototype.js and jQuery, is a common utility class, and is often referred to as ''the buck''. Otherwise, it's a character allowed in identifiers.
* In JavaScript
JavaScript (), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. As of 2022, 98% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior, of ...
from ES6 onward it is used inside template literals to insert the value of a variable. For example, if then would equal
* In C#, marks a string literal as an interpolated string.
* In ASP.NET, the dollar sign used in a tag in the web page indicates an expression will follow it. The expression that follows is .NET language-agnostic, as it will work with C#, VB.NET, or any CLR supported language.
* In Erlang, the dollar sign precedes character literals. The dollar sign as a character can be written .
* In COBOL the sign is used in the Picture clause
COBOL (; an acronym for "common business-oriented language") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. It is an imperative, procedural and, since 2002, object-oriented language. COBOL is primarily us ...
to depict a floating currency symbol as the left most character. The default symbol is ; however, if the or clause is specified, many other symbols can be used.
* In some assembly languages, such as MIPS, the sign is used to represent registers.
* In Honeywell 6000 series assembler, the sign, when used as an address, meant the address of the instruction in which it appeared.
* In CMS-2
CMS-2 is an embedded systems programming language used by the United States Navy. It was an early attempt to develop a standardized high-level computer programming language intended to improve code portability and reusability. CMS-2 was developed ...
, the sign is used as a statement terminator.
* In R, the sign is used as a subsetting operator.
* In Q (programming language from Kx Systems), the sign is used as a casting/padding/enumeration/conditional operator.
* In Sass, the sign is prefixed to define a variable.
Operating systems
* In CP/M and subsequently in all versions of DOS ( 86-DOS, MS-DOS
MS-DOS ( ; acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System, also known as Microsoft DOS) is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft. Collectively, MS-DOS, its rebranding as IBM PC DOS, and a few o ...
, PC DOS, more) and derivatives, is used as a string terminator ( with ).
* In Microsoft Windows
Windows is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families developed and marketed by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry. For example, Windows NT for consumers, Windows Server for ...
, is appended to the share name to hide a shared folder or resource. For example, will be visible to other computers on a network, while will be accessible only by explicit reference. Hiding a shared folder or resource will not alter its access permissions but may render it inaccessible to programs or other functions which rely on its visibility. Most administrative shares are hidden in this way.
* In the LDAP directory access protocol, is used as a line separator in various standard entry attributes such as postalAddress.
* In the UNIVAC EXEC 8 operating system, means "system". It is appended to entities such as the names of system files, the "sender" name in messages sent by the operator, and the default names of system-created files (like compiler output) when no specific name is specified (e.g., , , etc.)
* In RISC OS, is used in system variables to separate the application name from the variables specific to that application. For example Draw$Dir
specifies the directory where the !Draw
application is located. It is also used to refer to the root directory of a file system.
Applications
* Microsoft Excel and other spreadsheet software use the dollar sign ($) to denote a fixed row, fixed column reference, or an absolute cell reference.
* The dollar sign introduces a subfield delimiter in computer coding of library catalog records.
* matches the end of a line or string in sed, grep, and POSIX
The Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) is a family of standards specified by the IEEE Computer Society for maintaining compatibility between operating systems. POSIX defines both the system- and user-level application programming in ...
and Perl
Perl is a family of two high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming languages. "Perl" refers to Perl 5, but from 2000 to 2019 it also referred to its redesigned "sister language", Perl 6, before the latter's name was offic ...
regular expressions, as well as the end of a line or the file in text editors ed, ex, vi, pico
Pico may refer to:
Places The Moon
* Mons Pico, a lunar mountain in the northern part of the Mare Imbrium basin
Portugal
* Pico, a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Verde
* Pico da Pedra, a civil parish in the municipality of Ribe ...
, and derivatives.
Other uses
The symbol is sometimes used derisively, in place of the letter S, to indicate greed or excess money such as in " Micro$oft", " Di$ney", " Chel$ea" and " GW$"; or supposed overt Americanisation as in " $ky". The dollar sign is also used intentionally to stylize names such as A$AP Rocky, Ke$ha
Kesha Rose Sebert (; born March 1, 1987), formerly stylized as Ke$ha, is an American singer and songwriter. In 2005, at age 18, Kesha was signed to Kemosabe Records. Her first major success came in early 2009 after she was featured on Americ ...
, and Ty Dolla $ign
Tyrone William Griffin Jr. (born April 13, 1982), known professionally as Ty Dolla Sign (stylized as Ty Dolla $ign or Ty$), is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He first gained major recognition in 2010 for his feature on Ameri ...
or words such as . In 1872, Ambrose Bierce
Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce (June 24, 1842 – ) was an American short story writer, journalist, poet, and American Civil War veteran. His book ''The Devil's Dictionary'' was named as one of "The 100 Greatest Masterpieces of American Literature" by t ...
referred to California governor Leland Stanford as $tealand Landford.
In Scrabble notation, a dollar sign is placed after a word to indicate that it is valid according to the North American word lists, but not according to the British word lists.
A dollar symbol is used as unit of reactivity for a nuclear reactor, being the threshold of slow criticality, meaning a steady reaction rate, while is the threshold of prompt criticality, which means a nuclear excursion or explosion.
The dollar sign was used as a letter in the Turkmen alphabet from 1993 to 1999.
The dollar sign plays an important role in the plot of Ayn Rand's novel ''Atlas Shrugged
''Atlas Shrugged'' is a 1957 novel by Ayn Rand. It was her longest novel, the fourth and final one published during her lifetime, and the one she considered her ''magnum opus'' in the realm of fiction writing. ''Atlas Shrugged'' includes elemen ...
'', with the book's radical Free Market
In economics, a free market is an economic system in which the prices of goods and services are determined by supply and demand expressed by sellers and buyers. Such markets, as modeled, operate without the intervention of government or any ot ...
activists adopting it as their insignia.
See also
* Cifrão
* Euro sign
* Indian rupee sign
* Pound sign
* Ruble sign
* Rupee sign
The rupee sign "₨" is a currency sign used to represent the monetary unit of account in Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Mauritius, Seychelles, and formerly in India. It resembles, and is often written as, the Latin character sequence "Rs", of which ...
* Spanish dollar
* Turkish lira sign
* Yen sign
* Yuan sign
The yen and yuan sign, ¥, is a currency sign used for the Japanese yen and the Chinese yuan currencies when writing in Latin scripts. This monetary symbol resembles a Latin letter Y with a single or double horizontal stroke. The symbol is usual ...
* Won sign
Explanatory notes
References
Citations
General and cited sources
* Contains section on the history of the dollar sign, with much documentary evidence supporting the "pesos" hypothesis.
*
*
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dollar Peso Sign
Currency symbols
Numismatics
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