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A display device is an

output device An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment which converts information into a human-perceptible form or, historically, into a physical machine-readable form for use with other non-computerized equipment. It can be text, graphics, ...

for presentation of

information Information is an abstract concept that refers to that which has the power to inform. At the most fundamental level information pertains to the interpretation of that which may be sensed. Any natural process that is not completely random, ...

visual The visual system comprises the sensory organ (the eye) and parts of the central nervous system (the retina containing photoreceptor cells, the optic nerve, the optic tract and the visual cortex) which gives organisms the sense of sight ...

tactile Tactile may refer to: * Tactile, related to the sense of touch * Haptics (disambiguation) * Tactile (device), a text-to-braille translation device See also * Tangibility, in law * Somatosensory system In physiology, the somatosensory system ...

form (the latter used for example in tactile electronic displays for blind people). When the input information that is supplied has an electrical signal the display is called an ''electronic display''. Common applications for ''

electronic visual display An electronic visual display, informally a screen, is a display device for presentation of images, text, or video transmitted electronically, without producing a permanent record. Electronic visual displays include television sets, computer monito ...

s'' are television sets or computer monitors.

Types of electronic displays

In use

These are the technologies used to create the various displays in use today. * Liquid crystal display (LCD) ** Light-emitting diode (LED) backlit LCD ** Thin-film transistor (TFT) LCD ** Quantum dot (QLED) display * Light-emitting diode (LED) display ** OLED display ** AMOLED display ** Super AMOLED display

Segment displays

Some displays can show only digits or alphanumeric characters. They are called segment displays, because they are composed of several segments that switch on and off to give appearance of desired glyph. The segments are usually single LEDs or liquid crystals. They are mostly used in digital watches and pocket calculators. Common types are

seven-segment display A seven-segment display is a form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot matrix displays. Seven-segment displays are widely used in digital clocks, electronic meters, bas ...

s which are used for numerals only, and alphanumeric fourteen-segment displays and sixteen-segment displays which can display numerals and Roman alphabet letters.

Other types

* Vacuum fluorescent display * Electroluminescent (ELD) display * Plasma (PDP) display Cathode-ray tubes were also formerly widely used.

Full-area 2-dimensional displays

2-dimensional displays that cover a full area (usually a rectangle) are also called video displays, since it is the main modality of presenting

video Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media. Video was first developed for mechanical television systems, which were quickly replaced by cathode-ray tube (CRT) sy ...

= Applications of full-area 2-dimensional displays

= Full-area 2-dimensional displays are used in, for example: * Television set * Computer monitors * Head-mounted displays,

Heads-up display A head-up display, or heads-up display, also known as a HUD (), is any transparent display that presents data without requiring users to look away from their usual viewpoints. The origin of the name stems from a pilot being able to view informa ...

s and Virtual reality headsets *

Broadcast reference monitor A video reference monitor also called a broadcast reference monitor or just reference monitor, is a specialized display device similar to a television set, used to monitor the output of a video-generating device, such as playout from a video se ...

* Medical monitors * Mobile displays (for mobile devices) * Smartphone displays (for smartphones) * Video walls

= Underlying technologies of full-area 2-dimensional displays

= Underlying technologies for full-area 2-dimensional displays include: * Cathode ray tube display (CRT) *

Light-emitting diode display A LED display is a flat panel display that uses an array of light-emitting diodes as pixels for a video display. Their brightness allows them to be used outdoors where they are visible in the sun for store signs and billboards. In recen ...

(LED) * Electroluminescent display (ELD) *

Electronic paper Electronic paper, also sometimes electronic ink, e-ink or electrophoretic display, are display devices that mimic the appearance of ordinary ink on paper. Unlike conventional flat panel displays that emit light, an electronic paper display ...

, E Ink *

Plasma display A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display that uses small cells containing plasma: ionized gas that responds to electric fields. Plasma televisions were the first large (over 32 inches diagonal) flat panel displays to be rele ...

panel (PDP) * Liquid crystal display (LCD) ** High-Performance Addressing display (HPA) ** Thin-film transistor display (TFT) * Organic light-emitting diode display (OLED) * Digital Light Processing display (DLP) * Surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED) (experimental) * Field emission display (FED) (experimental) * Laser TV (forthcoming) * Carbon nanotubes (experimental) * Quantum dot display (QLED) *

Interferometric modulator display Interferometric modulator display (IMOD, trademarked mirasol) is a technology used in electronic visual displays that can create various colors via interference of reflected light. The color is selected with an electrically switched light modulator ...

(IMOD) * Digital microshutter display (DMS) * microLED (in development) The

multiplexed display Multiplexed displays are electronic display devices where the entire display is not driven at one time. Instead, sub-units of the display (typically, rows or columns for a dot matrix display or individual characters for a character oriented dis ...

technique is used to drive most display devices.

Three-dimensional displays

Swept-volume display A volumetric display device is a display device that forms a visual representation of an object in three physical dimensions, as opposed to the planar image of traditional screens that simulate depth through a number of different visual effects. ...

Laser display A laser lighting display or laser light show involves the use of laser light to entertain an audience. A laser light show may consist only of projected laser beams set to music, or may accompany another form of entertainment, typically mus ...

* Holographic display * Light field displays

Mechanical types

* Ticker tape (historical) *

Split-flap display A split-flap display, or sometimes simply a flap display, is a digital electromechanical display device that presents changeable alphanumeric text, and occasionally fixed graphics. Often used as a public transport timetable in airports or ...

(or simply

flap display A split-flap display, or sometimes simply a flap display, is a digital electromechanical display device that presents changeable alphanumeric text, and occasionally fixed graphics. Often used as a public transport timetable in airports or ...

) * Flip-disc display (or flip-dot display) * Vane display * Rollsign * Tactile electronic displays are usually intended for the blind. They use electro-mechanical parts to dynamically update a tactile image (usually of text) so that the image may be felt by the fingers. **

Optacon The Optacon (OPtical to TActile CONverter) is an electromechanical device that enables blind people to read printed material that has not been transcribed into Braille. The device consists of two parts: a scanner which the user runs over the mate ...

, using metal rods instead of light in order to convey images to blind people by tactile sensation.

References

External links

Society for Information Display
- An international professional organization dedicated to the study of display technology
University of Waterloo Stratford Campus
- A university that offers students the opportunity to display their work on the school's 3-storey Christie MicroTile wall. {{Authority control Video hardware User interfaces