Dislocation of hip (coxofemoral luxation) may occur in domestic animals.
It is a not rare condition, usually unilateral, in:
* cattle, among others, after calving.
*
dogs
The dog (''Canis familiaris'' or ''Canis lupus familiaris'') is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from the extinct Pleistocene wolf, and the modern wolf is the dog's nearest living relative. Do ...
, resulting from trauma or as a complication of
hip dysplasia
Hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint where the socket portion does not fully cover the ball portion, resulting in an increased risk for joint dislocation. Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. Regardless, it doe ...
.
The same illness also exists in
human medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practice ...
.
The condition can be observed after the forced traction of fetus while delivery, slip of animal on a floor.
More commonly seen in animals with poor nutrient ration at end stage of gestation which results in osteoporosis of bones & joints due to which the acetabulum notch become shallow and femur comes out if it while delivery, ketonemia also has adverse effect on coxo-femoral luxation.
Symptoms
In dogs, it occurs mainly in an upwards and forwards direction. Hence, the affected leg is shortened, and the
greater trochanter
The greater trochanter of the femur is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence and a part of the skeletal system.
It is directed lateral and medially and slightly posterior. In the adult it is about 2–4 cm lower than the femoral head.Stan ...
prominent.
In cattle, it occurs mainly craniodorsally or caudoventrally, but other directions are possible. A typical stance is seen in craniodorsal luxations, with a shortened limb, and a protrusion of greater trochanter.
Treatment
Attempts in reduction in cattle are generally not successful. Affected animals, at least not too heavy ones, can live with the disease for a long time because of the formation of a sort of pseudo-joint in the hip.
Dogs with hip dysplasia and unilateral dislocation can live if the other leg is not too severely hit. Then there is a severe muscular atrophy of the thigh. Compensation occurs with musculation of the shoulders.
Literature
* Hip dislocation in cattle
** P. Greenough, F. Weaver & A. Weaver; ''Lameness in cattle'', Wright Scientica, Bristol, 1981, , p. 269–273.
** G. Rosenberger, ''Krankheiten des Rindes'', Verlag Parey, Berlin, 1978, , s. 463–466.
* Hip dislocation in dogs
** H.J. Christoph; ''Diseases of dogs'', Pergamon Press, New York, 1975, , p. 406–410.
See also
*
Hip dysplasia (canine)
In dogs, hip dysplasia is an abnormal formation of the hip socket that, in its more severe form, can eventually cause lameness and arthritis of the joints. It is a genetic (polygenic) trait that is affected by environmental factors. It is commo ...
Animal diseases
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