Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral (; 21 July 1941 – 3 October 2019), known as Freitas do Amaral, was a

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

politician and law professor. He was

Minister of Foreign Affairs A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...

from 10 January 1980 to 12 January 1981 and from 12 March 2005 to 3 July 2006. He also served briefly as

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

in an interim capacity in the early 1980s.

Background

He was born in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal, the third but first surviving son of

Duarte de Freitas do Amaral Duarte Pinto de Carvalho de Freitas do Amaral, GCIH, ComC KCSG; (13 May 1909 – 16 July 1979) was a Portuguese politician. Background He was the fourth of six children of Duarte do Amaral Pinto de Freitas and wife Ana Mendes Ribeiro de Olivei ...

and wife Maria Filomena de Campos Trocado, and the older brother of João de Freitas do Amaral.

Career

He was a Licentiate and a

Doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''l ...

in Law specialised in

Administrative Law Administrative law is the division of law that governs the activities of government agency, executive branch agencies of Forms of government, government. Administrative law concerns executive branch rule making (executive branch rules are gener ...

and

Political Science Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and la ...

from the

Faculty of Law A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In American usage such divisions are generally referred to as colleges ...

of the

University of Lisbon The University of Lisbon (ULisboa; pt, Universidade de Lisboa, ) is a public research university in Lisbon, and the largest university in Portugal. It was founded in 2013, from the merger of two previous public universities located in Lisbon, th ...

, and a Cathedratic Professor in the

at the

New University of Lisbon NOVA University Lisbon ( pt, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, ), or just NOVA, is a Portuguese public university whose rectorate is located in Campolide, Lisbon. Founded in 1973, it is the newest of the public universities in the Portuguese capital ...

and also a

publicist A publicist is a person whose job is to generate and manage publicity for a company, a brand, or public figure – especially a celebrity – or for a work such as a book, film, or album. Publicists are public relations specialists who ...

. He served as a professor in the Faculty of Law of the Lusófona University of Lisbon, where he taught and governed as the chair of the Economics of Public Law in Law degree, developing other teaching activities in the same college. In 1974, some months after the

Carnation Revolution The Carnation Revolution ( pt, Revolução dos Cravos), also known as the 25 April ( pt, 25 de Abril, links=no), was a military coup by left-leaning military officers that overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime on 25 April 1974 in Lisbo ...

, he was one of the Founders and

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

of then Democratic and Social Centre (CDS), a Christian democratic party. He led this party till 1985, and again from 1988 to 1991. He served as a

Deputy Deputy or depute may refer to: * Steward (office) * Khalifa, an Arabic title that can signify "deputy" * Deputy (legislator), a legislator in many countries and regions, including: ** A member of a Chamber of Deputies, for example in Italy, Spai ...

to the Assembly of the Republic (the Portuguese parliament) from 1975 to 1982 or 1983, and again in 1992 and 1993. He was also a Member of the

Portuguese Council of State The Council of State ( pt, Conselho de Estado, ) is a body established by the Portuguese Constitution to advise the President of the Republic in the exercise of many of his or her discretionary powers. History Although there are notices about the ...

(1974–1982). In the parliamentary elections of 1979 and 1980, the Democratic Alliance (of which the CDS was a part) won a majority and formed the government, in which Freitas served as Deputy Prime Minister or Vice-Prime-Minister and

in 1980 and Deputy Prime Minister or Vice-Prime-Minister and

Minister of Defence A defence minister or minister of defence is a Cabinet (government), cabinet official position in charge of a ministry of defense, which regulates the armed forces in sovereign states. The role of a defence minister varies considerably from coun ...

between 1981 and 1983. After the death of

Francisco Sá Carneiro Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name ''Franciscus''. Nicknames In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed "Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Comunitatis'' (father of ...

, Freitas do Amaral was interim

for a short period between 1980 and 1981. Between 1981 and 1982 he was also the President of the

European People's Party The European People's Party (EPP) is a European political party with Christian-democratic, conservative, and liberal-conservative member parties. A transnational organisation, it is composed of other political parties. Founded by primarily Ch ...

. He was a candidate in 1985 for the

presidency A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified by a ...

in the 1986 presidential election. Supported by his own People's Party and by the

Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties For ...

, he established a commanding lead in the first round, but lost the second round by some 150,000 votes to

Mário Soares Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL (; 7 December 1924 – 7 January 2017) was a Portuguese politician, who served as prime minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th presid ...

, who was endorsed by the two eliminated candidates. He was

President of the United Nations General Assembly The president of the United Nations General Assembly is a position voted by representatives in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on a yearly basis. The president is the chair and presiding officer of the General Assembly. Election ...

(1995–1996). A European federalist, he left the party he founded, disagreeing mainly with the

Eurosceptic Euroscepticism, also spelled as Euroskepticism or EU-scepticism, is a political position involving criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration. It ranges from those who oppose some EU institutions and policies, and seek reform ...

line followed by Manuel Monteiro and

Paulo Portas Paulo de Sacadura Cabral Portas (born 12 September 1962, ) is a Portuguese media and political figure, who has, since the 1990s, been one of Portugal's leading conservative politicians. He was the leader of one of Portugal's right-wing parties, t ...

. Always seen as a right-winger, Freitas do Amaral supported the

in the

parliamentary election A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...

of 2002. However, disappointed with the government performance, and critical of its support for the U.S. invasion of Iraq, Freitas do Amaral surprised many observers by announcing his support for the

Socialist Party Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...

in the 2005 election. He was subsequently nominated for Minister of State and

of the XVII Constitutional Government, led by the Socialist leader

José Sócrates José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH (born 6 September 1957), commonly known as José Sócrates (), is a Portuguese politician who was the prime minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011. For the second half of 2007, he ...

. He resigned after a little over one year in office, citing health reasons and, as revealed to a newspaper, tiredness resulting from the many diplomatic trips taken. He was also a Juridical Consultant of many companies. He authored a biography of King

Afonso I Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician languages, Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', dependi ...

and a play about

Viriatus Viriathus (also spelled Viriatus; known as Viriato in Portuguese and Spanish; died 139 BC) was the most important leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted Roman expansion into the regions of western Hispania (as the Romans called it) or we ...

. He also published a study of the actuality and reform of the prison system in Portugal.

Honours

Grand-Cross of the

Order of Merit of the Italian Republic The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ( it, Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana) is the senior Italian order of merit. It was established in 1951 by the second President of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi. The highest-ranking ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

(3 November 1980) * St_Olavs_Orden_storkors_stripe

Grand-Cross of the Order of St. Olav,

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...

(3 November 1980) * GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band

Grand-Cross of the

Order of Merit The Order of Merit (french: link=no, Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by K ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

(22 December 1980) * PRT_Order_of_Christ_-_Grand_Cross_BAR

Grand-Cross of the Order of Christ,

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

(3 August 1983) * PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Cross_BAR

Grand Cross of the

Order of Prince Henry The Order of Prince Henry ( pt, Ordem do Infante Dom Henrique) is a Portuguese order of knighthood created on 2 June 1960, to commemorate the quincentenary of the death of the Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator, one of the main initiators of ...

, Portugal (9 June 1984) * PRT_Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Cross_BAR

Grand Cross of the

Order of Saint James of the Sword The Military Order of Saint James of the Sword ( pt, Ordem Militar de Sant'Iago da Espada) is a Portuguese order of chivalry. Its full name is the Ancient, Most Noble and Enlightened Military Order of Saint James of the Sword, of the Scientifi ...

, Portugal (9 June 2003) * Ordre_national_du_Merite_Commandeur_ribbon

Commander of National Order of Merit,

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

(27 January 2006) * EST_Order_of_the_White_Star_-_1st_Class_BAR

First Class of the

Order of the White Star The Order of the White Star ( et, Valgetähe teenetemärk; french: Ordre de l'Etoile Blanche) was instituted in 1936. The Order of the White Star is bestowed on Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic ...

Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...

(29 March 2006)

Personal life

He married in

Sintra Sintra (, ) is a town and municipality in the Greater Lisbon region of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera. The population of the municipality in 2011 was 377,835, in an area of . Sintra is one of the most urbanized and densely populated ...

, Santa Maria, on 31 July 1965 Maria José Salgado Sarmento de Matos, born in

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...

on 13 October 1943, writer under the

pseudonym A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individua ...

Maria Roma, daughter of José Sarmento Osório de Vasconcelos de Matos (

Moimenta da Beira Moimenta da Beira () is a municipality in the northern part of Portugal, located in the district of Viseu. The population in 2011 was 10,212, in an area of 219.97 km². History Moimenta's history is fairly recent: Alfonso III of Asturias co ...

, 28 July 1909 – Sintra, 17 July 1992). They had four children. In September 2019, Freitas do Amaral was hospitalized in critical condition at a

Cascais Cascais () is a town and municipality in the Lisbon District of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera. The municipality has a total of 214,158 inhabitants in an area of 97.40 km2. Cascais is an important tourism in Portugal, tourist de ...

hospital. On 3 October 2019, it was announced that Freitas do Amaral had died.

Electoral results

1986 Portuguese presidential election

, - !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left colspan="2" rowspan="2", Candidates !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left rowspan="2", Supporting parties !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right colspan="2", First round !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right colspan="2", Second round , - !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Votes !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=% !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Votes !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=% , - , style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF66FF align="center" , , align=left,

, align=left,

, align="right" , 1,443,683 , align="right" , 25.43 , align="right" , 3,010,756 , align="right" , 51.18 , - , style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" , , align=left, Diogo Freitas do Amaral , align=left, Democratic Social Centre,

, align="right" , 2,629,597 , align="right" , 46.31 , align="right" , 2,872,064 , align="right" , 48.82 , - , style="width: 8px" bgcolor=red align="center" , , align=left,

Francisco Salgado Zenha Francisco Salgado Zenha GCL (2 May 1923, Braga – 1 November 1993, Lisbon) was a Portuguese left-wing politician and lawyer. As a student at the University of Coimbra, he was elected president of the Academic Association of Coimbra, bein ...

, align=left,

Portuguese Communist Party The Portuguese Communist Party ( pt, Partido Comunista Português, , PCP) is a communist, Marxist–Leninist political party in Portugal based upon democratic centralism. The party also considers itself patriotic and internationalist,Portugue ...

, Democratic Renovator Party , align="right" , 1,185,867 , align="right" , 20.88 , colspan="2" rowspan="3", , - , style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" , , align=left,

Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo Maria de Lourdes Ruivo da Silva de Matos Pintasilgo (; 18 January 1930 – 10 July 2004) was a Portuguese chemical engineer and politician. She was the first and to date only woman to serve as Prime Minister of Portugal, and the second woman to ...

, align=left,

Independent Independent or Independents may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups * Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s * Independ ...

, align="right" , 418,961 , align="right" , 7.38 , - , style="width: 8px" bgcolor=red align="center" , , align=left,

Ângelo Veloso Ângelo Matos Mendes Veloso (1930-1990; ) was a Portuguese politician. A member of the Portuguese Communist Party since the days of the ''Estado Novo'' (New State) dictatorial fascist regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, Veloso was imprisoned ...

, align=left,

, colspan="2" align="center" , ''left the race'' , - , colspan="3" align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9", Total valid , width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 5,677,525 , width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00 , width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 5,882,820 , width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00 , - , align=right colspan="3", Blank ballots , width="65" align="right" , 46,334 , width="40" align="right" , 0.81 , width="65" align="right" , 33,844 , width="40" align="right" , 0.57 , - , align=right colspan="3" , Invalid ballots , width="65" align="right", 18,292 , width="40" align="right", 0.32 , width="65" align="right", 20,436 , width="40" align="right", 0.34 , - , colspan="3" align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9", Total (turnout 75.38% and 77.99%) , width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 5,742,151 , width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", , width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 5,937,100 , width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", , - , colspan=7 align=left, He left the race in favor of Salgado Zenha. , - , colspan=7 align=left, Source
Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Ancestors

Books

* ''

D. Afonso Henriques Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French inf ...

biografia''. Lisboa: Bertrand, 2009 * '' Camarate: um caso ainda em aberto : apelo de um cidadão''. Lisboa: Bertrand, 2010.

References

* ''Anuário da Nobreza de Portugal'', III, 2006, Tomo IV, pp. 862–873 * ''Costados'', Gonçalo de Mesquita da Silveira de Vasconcelos e Sousa, Livraria Esquina, 1.ª Edição, Porto, 1997, N.º 55 {{DEFAULTSORT:Freitas Do Amaral, Diogo De 1941 births 2019 deaths People from Póvoa de Varzim University of Lisbon alumni Prime Ministers of Portugal Foreign ministers of Portugal Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly Members of the Assembly of the Republic (Portugal) Candidates for President of Portugal Permanent Representatives of Portugal to the United Nations CDS – People's Party politicians Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 1st Class Freitas do Amaral family Ministers of National Defence of Portugal