David José Martins, known as David Canabarro (born 22 August 1796,

Taquari Taquari is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. See also *List of municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul This is a list of the municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), located in the South Region of Brazil. Rio G ...

- died 1867,

Santana do Livramento Santana do Livramento is a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is located along the border with the city of Rivera, Uruguay, forming together an international city of almost 170,000 inhabitants. Santana do Livramento was founded on J ...

) was a

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

ian general.

Biography

Canabarro was born to José Martins Coelho (from

Porto Alegre Porto Alegre (, , Brazilian ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population of 1,488,252 inhabitants (2020) makes it the List of largest cities in Brazil, twelfth most populous city in the country ...

) and Mariana de Jesus Ignacia (from Santa Catarina). The surname "Canabarro" came from his grandfather, Manuel Teodósio Ferreira, who received the nickname from Luís Teles da Silva Caminha e Meneses, 5th Marquis of Alegrete, and added it to his own name.

Early military career

Campaigns in the Banda Oriental

Canabarro began his military career in the first campaign in the

Banda Oriental Banda Oriental, or more fully Banda Oriental del Uruguay (Eastern Bank), was the name of the South American territories east of the Uruguay River and north of Río de la Plata that comprise the modern nation of Uruguay; the modern state of Rio Gra ...

of 1811–1812. David, at the age of fifteen, asked his father for permission to take his brother's place. Canabarro fought for the forces of noble Dom Diogo de Sousa, the count of Rio Pardo. After the campaign he was promoted and returned home, though later he would fight in the second campaign in the Banda Oriental, from 1816 to 1820, that culminated in the annexation of the region as a province by the

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was a pluricontinental monarchy formed by the elevation of the Portuguese colony named State of Brazil to the status of a kingdom and by the simultaneous union of that Kingdom of Brazil w ...

under the name of

Cisplatina Cisplatina () was a Brazilian province in existence from 1821 to 1828 created by the Luso-Brazilian invasion of the Banda Oriental. From 1815 until 1822 Brazil was a constituent kingdom of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarv ...

Cisplatine War

Years later, he was a lieutenant in the forces of Bento Gonçalves in the

Cisplatine War The Cisplatine War (), also known as the Argentine-Brazilian War () or, in Argentine and Uruguayan historiography, as the Brazil War (''Guerra del Brasil''), the War against the Empire of Brazil (''Guerra contra el Imperio del Brasil'') or t ...

in 1825–1828, which culminated in a

peace treaty A peace treaty is an agreement between two or more hostile parties, usually countries or governments, which formally ends a state of war between the parties. It is different from an armistice An armistice is a formal agreement of warring ...

in August 1828 that granted independence to

Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...

. There he played an important role in the Battle of Rincón de las Gallinas, saving the Brazilian army on 24 September 1825. This earned him the title of Army

lieutenant A lieutenant ( , ; abbreviated Lt., Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a commissioned officer rank in the armed forces of many nations. The meaning of lieutenant differs in different militaries (see comparative military ranks), but it is often sub ...

. He took part in the 21st Light Cavalry Brigade commanded by Bento Gonçalves in the

Battle of Ituzaingó The Battle of Ituzaingó, also known as the Battle of Passo do Rosário, was a pitched battle fought in the vicinity of the Santa Maria River, in a valley of small hills where a stream divided the valley into two. After a two-year series of cont ...

. When the war ended, he continued his military career, this time associated with his uncle Antonio Ferreira Canabarro in the border region with Uruguay near Santana do Livramento. By 1836, he adopted the name Canabarro at the insistence of his uncle. As suggested by historian Ivo Santanese Caggiano: "he must have had some connection with the ''Machados'' and ''Ferreiras'' of

Sabrosa Sabrosa () is a municipality in the district of Vila Real in northern Portugal. The population in 2011 was 6,361, in an area of 156.92 km². History Although the municipality was established on 6 November 1945, the history of the region e ...

. Consequently, the descendants of the noble ''Canavarros'' of Portugal must be the ''Canabarros'' of Brazil."

Ragamuffin War

Canabarro was initially neutral in the

Ragamuffin War The Ragamuffin War (Portuguese: ''Guerra dos Farrapos'' or ''Revolução Farroupilha'') was a Republican uprising that began in southern Brazil, in the province (current state) of Rio Grande do Sul in 1835. The rebels were led by generals Bento ...

. He later enlisted as a

, but quickly rose through the ranks and took command in June 1843, when Bento Gonçalves, to avoid a split among Republicans, left the command and went on to serve under the orders of Canabarro. His only defeat in war was in the Battle of Porongos, which relaxed the peace negotiations he undertook with the Baron of Caxias (later Duke). He was surprised by the troops of Mouringue and was defeated, notwithstanding his possession of the Black Lancers. While negotiating peace with the Empire of Brazil, Canabarro offered his services to

Juan Manuel de Rosas Juan Manuel José Domingo Ortiz de Rosas (30 March 1793 – 14 March 1877), nicknamed "Restorer of the Laws", was an Argentine politician and army officer who ruled Buenos Aires Province and briefly the Argentine Confederation. Althoug ...

, ruler of the

Argentine Confederation The Argentine Confederation (Spanish: ''Confederación Argentina'') was the last predecessor state of modern Argentina; its name is still one of the official names of the country according to the Argentine Constitution, Article 35. It was the name ...

, who wanted to expand the borders of his country. In exchange for the cooperation of the Ragamuffin rebels, he would get help from Argentina to continue the war against the Empire. Canabarro responded by letter, where he stated his loyalty to the country. As head of the rebels he accepted the amnesty offered by the government on 18 December 1844 by the Baron of Caxias, who came to be known as "the Peacemaker". In the negotiations on 25 February 1845, it was agreed that the Republicans would choose the next president of the province instead of having him be appointed by the central government in

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...

. It was agreed that the imperial government would be held accountable for the republican government's debt; that rebel military officers who wished to join the imperial army would remain in their former posts, and that the prisoners would be pardoned.

The Brazilian army

Canabarro fought in the

Platine War The Platine War (, ; 18 August 1851 – 3 February 1852) was fought between the Argentine Confederation and an alliance consisting of the Empire of Brazil, Uruguay, and the Argentine provinces of Entre Ríos and Corrientes, with the parti ...

and in the

Uruguayan War The Uruguayan War (10 August 1864 – 20 February 1865) was fought between Uruguay's governing Blanco Party and an alliance consisting of the Empire of Brazil and the Uruguayan Colorado Party, covertly supported by Argentina. Since its i ...

, receiving the honorary title of "general" with which he fought the in the

Paraguayan War The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance, was a South American war that lasted from 1864 to 1870. It was fought between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadlies ...

Representations in popular culture

David Canabarro has been portrayed as a character in movies and television shows, played by

Milton Mattos Milton may refer to: Names * Milton (surname), a surname (and list of people with that surname) ** John Milton (1608–1674), English poet * Milton (given name) ** Milton Friedman (1912–2006), Nobel laureate in Economics, author of '' Fre ...

in the movie ''Neto Perde a Sua Alma'' (2001), and by

Oscar Simch Oscar, OSCAR, or The Oscar may refer to: People * Oscar (given name), an Irish- and English-language name also used in other languages; the article includes the names Oskar, Oskari, Oszkár, Óscar, and other forms. * Oscar (Irish mythology) ...

in the miniseries ''

A Casa das Sete Mulheres ''A Casa das Sete Mulheres'' (English title: ''Seven Women'') is a 2003 Brazilian miniseries. It was written by Maria Adelaide Amaral and Walther Negrão, with collaboration of Manfredi and Vincent Lucio Villari, based on the novel of the same ...

'' (2003).

Bibliography

* Porto Alegre, Achylles (1917). ''Illustrious Men of Rio Grande do Sul''. Porto Alegre: Livraria Selbach. * Caggiano, Ivo (1992). ''David Canabarro lieutenant of the general''. Porto Alegre: Martin Book. {{DEFAULTSORT:Canabarro, David 1796 births 1867 deaths People from Rio Grande do Sul Brazilian people of Azorean descent Brazilian rebels Heads of state of former countries