Danielle Keats Citron is a Jefferson Scholars Foundation Schenck Distinguished Professor in Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, where she teaches

information privacy Information privacy is the relationship between the collection and dissemination of data, technology, the public expectation of privacy, contextual information norms, and the legal and political issues surrounding them. It is also known as data pr ...

, free expression, and civil rights law. Citron is the author of "The Fight for Privacy: Protecting Dignity, Identity, and Love in the Digital Age" (forthcoming October 2022) and "Hate Crimes in Cyberspace" (2014). She also serves as the Vice President of the

Cyber Civil Rights Initiative The Cyber Civil Rights Initiative (CCRI) is a non-profit organization founded by Holly Jacobs in 2012. The organization offers services to victims of cybercrimes through its crisis helpline. They have compiled resources to help victims of cybercrim ...

, an organization which provides assistance and legislative support to victims of online abuse. Prior to joining UVA Law, Citron was an Austin B. Fletcher Distinguished Professor of Law at

Boston University Law School Boston University School of Law (Boston Law or BU Law) is the law school of Boston University, a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts. It is consistently ranked among the top law schools in the United States and considered an e ...

, and was also the Morton & Sophia Macht Professor of Law at the

University of Maryland School of Law The University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law (formerly University of Maryland School of Law) is the law school of the University of Maryland, Baltimore and is located in Baltimore City, Maryland, U.S. Its location places Maryland ...

Biography

Citron graduated from

Duke University Duke University is a private research university in Durham, North Carolina. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day city of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892. In 1924, tobacco and electric power industrialist James ...

, and the

Fordham University School of Law Fordham University School of Law is the law school of Fordham University. The school is located in Manhattan in New York City, and is one of eight ABA-approved law schools in that city. In 2013, 91% of the law school's first-time test take ...

. She is an Affiliate Scholar at the

Stanford Center for Internet and Society The Center for Internet and Society (CIS) is a public interest technology law and policy program founded in 2000 by Lawrence Lessig at Stanford Law School and a part of Law, Science and Technology Program at Stanford Law School. CIS brings togethe ...

, an Affiliate Fellow at the

Yale Information Society Project The Information Society Project (ISP) at Yale Law School is an intellectual center studying the implications of the Internet and new information technologies for law and society. The ISP was founded in 1997 by Jack Balkin, Knight Professor of Con ...

, a Tech Fellow at NYU's Policing Project, and a member of the Principles Group for the Harvard-MIT Artificial Intelligence (AI) Fund. Citron is the author of ''Hate Crimes in Cyberspace'' (2014) which was named one of the “20 Best Moments for Women in 2014” by ''Cosmopolitan'' magazine. Her second book
The Fight for Privacy: Protecting Dignity, Identity, and Love in the Digital Age
' will be released in October 2022. In 2017, she was elected as a member of the

American Law Institute The American Law Institute (ALI) is a research and advocacy group of judges, lawyers, and legal scholars established in 1923 to promote the clarification and simplification of United States common law and its adaptation to changing social needs. ...

and currently serves on the Advisory Board of ALI's Information Privacy Principles Project. She is the Vice President and Board Member of the

, a civil rights and civil liberties project named after her article Cyber Civil Rights (Boston U Law Review, 2009). She serves on the advisory board of Teach Privacy and Without My Consent. She serves on Twitter's Trust and Safety Council, and the Board of Directors for the Future of Privacy Forum. She sits on the

Electronic Privacy Information Center Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) is an independent nonprofit research center in Washington, D.C. EPIC's mission is to focus public attention on emerging privacy and related human rights issues. EPIC works to protect privacy, freedom o ...

's Board of Directors, and was the Chair of the Board from 2017 through 2019. In 2019, Citron was awarded a

MacArthur Fellowship The MacArthur Fellows Program, also known as the MacArthur Fellowship and commonly but unofficially known as the "Genius Grant", is a prize awarded annually by the MacArthur Foundation, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation typically to ...

for her work in cyber harassment. Citron is an expert on

online harassment Cyberbullying or cyberharassment is a form of bullying or harassment using Electronic communication network, electronic means. Cyberbullying and cyberharassment are also known as online bullying. It has become increasingly common, especially ...

, and has written for ''

The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...

'', ''

Slate Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. It is the finest grained foliated metamorphic rock. ...

'', ''

The Atlantic ''The Atlantic'' is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher. It features articles in the fields of politics, foreign affairs, business and the economy, culture and the arts, technology, and science. It was founded in 1857 in Boston, ...

'', ''

The New Scientist ''New Scientist'' is a magazine covering all aspects of science and technology. Based in London, it publishes weekly English-language editions in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia. An editorially separate organisation publishe ...

'', ''

Time Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, to ...

'', and

Al Jazeera Al Jazeera ( ar, الجزيرة, translit-std=DIN, translit=al-jazīrah, , "The Island") is a state-owned Arabic-language international radio and TV broadcaster of Qatar. It is based in Doha and operated by the media conglomerate Al Jazeera ...

. She has been a guest on ''

The Diane Rehm Show ''The Diane Rehm Show'' was a call-in show based in the United States that aired nationally on NPR (National Public Radio). In October 2007, ''The Diane Rehm Show'' was named to the Audience Research Analysis list of the top ten most powerful nati ...

'', ''

The Kojo Nnamdi Show Rex Orville Montague Paul (born January 8, 1945), better known as Kojo Nnamdi ( ), is a Guyanese-born American radio journalist based in Washington, D. C. He is the host of ''The Kojo Nnamdi Show'' and ''The Politics Hour'' on WAMU, and hosted th ...

'', and ''

''s ''

The Gist ''The Gist'' is an American daily news podcast hosted by Mike Pesca. The show was originally produced by '' Slate'' magazine starting in May 2014 and was suspended by Slate on February 22, 2021. A year later, Pesca relaunched the podcast under ...

'' podcast. She is also a

Forbes ''Forbes'' () is an American business magazine owned by Integrated Whale Media Investments and the Forbes family. Published eight times a year, it features articles on finance, industry, investing, and marketing topics. ''Forbes'' also re ...

contributor. She has authored over 50 law review articles, and she is ranked number 72 out of the 250 most-cited scholars on Hein Online. Citron helped Maryland State Senator Jon Cardin draft a bill criminalizing the non-consensual publication of nude images, which was passed into law in 2014. From 2014 to December 2016, Citron served as an advisor to Vice President

Kamala Harris Kamala Devi Harris ( ; born October 20, 1964) is an American politician and attorney who is the 49th vice president of the United States. She is the first female vice president and the highest-ranking female official in U.S. history, as well ...

(then California Attorney General). She served as a member of Harris's Task Force to Combat Cyber Exploitation and Violence Against Women. Citron is a critic of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, stating that it gives online platforms a "free pass" from having to do moderation, while market forces are driving a rise of "salacious, negative, and novel content" on the Internet. In a 2017 ''

Fordham Law Review The ''Fordham Law Review'' is a student-run law journal associated with the Fordham University School of Law that covers a wide range of legal scholarship. Overview In 2017, the ''Fordham Law Review'' was the seventh-most cited law journal by o ...

'' article with

Benjamin Wittes Benjamin Wittes (born November 5, 1969) is an American legal journalist and Senior Fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution, where he is the Research Director in Public Law, and Co-Director of the Harvard Law School–Brookings ...

, Citron argued that "the internet will not break

rom Rom, or ROM may refer to: Biomechanics and medicine * Risk of mortality, a medical classification to estimate the likelihood of death for a patient * Rupture of membranes, a term used during pregnancy to describe a rupture of the amniotic sac * ...

denying bad samaritans § 230 immunity". At a

House Intelligence Committee The United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI), also known as the House Intelligence Committee, is a committee of the United States House of Representatives, currently chaired by Adam Schiff. It is the primary committ ...

hearing in June 2019 and at a

House Energy and Commerce Committee The Committee on Energy and Commerce is one of the oldest standing committees of the United States House of Representatives. Established in 1795, it has operated continuously—with various name changes and jurisdictional changes—for more than ...

hearing in October 2019, Citron proposed the conditioning of

Section 230 Section 230 is a section of Title 47 of the United States Code that was enacted as part of the United States Communications Decency Act and generally provides immunity for website platforms with respect to third-party content. At its core, Sect ...

protection on "reasonable" content moderation practices. The

Electronic Frontier Foundation The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. The foundation was formed on 10 July 1990 by John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow and Mitch Kapor to promote Internet ci ...

called this proposition "terrifying", arguing it would lead to excessive litigation risks, especially for small businesses. On the other hand, Citron has expressed partial agreement with critics of the 2018 FOSTA act, in particular with regard to uncertainties resulting from the law's "knowing facilitation" standard.

Selected works

;Books * Danielle Keats Citron (forthcoming October 2022).
The Fight for Privacy: Protecting Dignity, Identity and Love in our Digital Age
'. Chatto & Windus. * ;Book Chapters * Danielle Keats Citron (2019). Susan Brison and Katharine Gelber, eds. "Why Combating Online Abuse Is Good For Free Speech", in ''Free Speech in the Digital Age''. Oxford University Press *Danielle Keats Citron (with Quinta Jurecic) (2018). "Platform Justice: Content Moderation at an Inflection Point" in ''Hoover Institute Aegis Series''. *Danielle Keats Citron (with Liz Clark Rinehart) (2017). David Gray and Stephen Henderson, eds. "The Surveillance Implications of Combatting Cyber Harassment" in ''Cambridge Handbook of Surveillance Law''. *Danielle Keats Citron (2015). Marc Rotenberg, Jeramie Scott, and Julia Horwitz, eds. "Protecting Sexual Privacy in the Information Age" in ''Privacy in the Modern Age''. New Press. * ;Op-Eds and News Articles * Danielle Keats Citron

''Slate Magazine'', July 5, 2022. * Danielle Keats Citron

''Slate Magazine'', June 27, 2022. * Danielle Keats Citron, "Fix Section 230 and hold tech companies to account," WIRED, June 5, 2021. * Danielle Keats Citron

''Slate Magazine'', February 5, 2021. * Danielle Keats Citron

''Slate Magazine'', January 6, 2021. * Robert Chesney, Danielle Keats Citron, and

Hany Farid Hany Farid is an American university professor who specializes in the analysis of digital images and the detection of digitally manipulated images such as deepfakes. Farid serves as Dean and Head of School for the UC Berkeley School of Informatio ...

"All's Clear for Deepfakes: Think Again,"
''Lawfare'', May 11, 2020. * Danielle Keats Citron and Geng Ngarmboonanant
"Be very wary of Trump's health surveillance plans,"
''The Washington Post'', April 16, 2020. ; ;Articles
Intimate Privacy's Protection Enables Free Speech
Journal of Free Speech Law (Forthcoming)
Presidential Privacy Violations
Univ. Illinois L. Rev. (Forthcoming)
How To Fix Section 230
B.U. L. Rev. (Forthcoming)
Privacy Injunctions
Emory L.J. (Forthcoming)
Privacy Harms
102 B.U. L. Rev 793 (2022) (With

Daniel J. Solove Daniel J. Solove (; born 1972) is a professor of law at the George Washington University Law School.Standing and Privacy Harms: A Critique of TransUnion v. Ramirez
101 B.U. L. Rev. Online 62 (2021) (With

Daniel J. Solove Daniel J. Solove (; born 1972) is a professor of law at the George Washington University Law School.A New Compact for Sexual Privacy
62 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1763 (2021)
The Automated Administrative State: The Crisis of Legitimacy
70 Emory L.J. 797 (2021) (with Ryan Calo).
Cyber Mobs, Disinformation, and Death Videos: The Internet As It Is and As It Should Be
118 Mich. L. Rev. 1073 (2020)
The Internet As a Speech Conversion Machine and Other Myths Confounding Section 230 Reform Efforts
U. Chi. Legal F. (2020) (with

Mary Anne Franks Mary Anne Franks is an American legal scholar, author, activist, and media commentator. She is a professor of law and the Michael R. Klein Distinguished Scholar Chair at the University of Miami School of Law, where she teaches First Amendment law, ...

).
When Law Frees Us to Speak
87 Fordham L. Rev. 2317 (2019) (with Jonathan Penney).
Why Sexual Privacy Matters for Trust
96 Wash. U. L. Rev 1189 (2019).
Deep Fakes: The Looming Crisis for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security
107 Calif. L. Rev. 1753(2019) (with Robert Chesney).
Sexual Privacy
128 Yale L. J. 1870 (2019).
The Roots of Sexual Privacy: Warren and Brandeis & the Privacy of Intimate Life
42 Colum J.L. & Arts 383 (2019).
A Poor Mother's Right to Privacy: A Review
98 B.U. L. Rev. 1139 (2018).
Four Principles for Digital Speech (You Won't Believe #3!
95 Wash. U. L. Rev. 1353 (2018) (with Neil Richards).
The Problem Isn't Just Backpage: Revising Section 230 Immunity
2 Geo. Tech. L. Rev. 453 (2018) (with

).
Extremist Speech, Compelled Conformity, and Censorship Creep
93 Notre Dame L. Rev. (2018).
Risk and Anxiety: A Theory of Data Breach Harms
96 Tex. L. Rev. (2018) (with

Daniel J. Solove Daniel J. Solove (; born 1972) is a professor of law at the George Washington University Law School.The Internet Will Not Break: Denying Bad Samaritans Section 230 Immunity
Fordham L. Rev. (2017) (with

).
The Privacy Policymaking of State Attorneys General
92 Notre Dame L. Rev. 747 (2016).
Spying Inc.
72 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. (2015).
The Scored Society: Due Process for Automated Predictions
89 Wash. L. Rev. 1 (2014) (with Frank Pasquale).
Criminalizing Revenge Porn
49 Wake Forest L. Rev. 345 (2014) (with Mary Anne Franks).
Promoting Innovation While Preventing Discrimination: Policy Goals for a Scored Society
89 Wash. L. Rev. (2014) (with Frank Pasquale).
The Right to Quantitative Privacy
98 Minn. L. Rev. 62 (2013) (with David Gray).
A Shattered Looking Glass: The Pitfalls and Potential of the Mosaic Theory of Fourth Amendment Privacy
14 N.C. J.L. & Tech. 381 (2013) (with David Gray).
Fighting Cybercrime After United States v. Jones
103 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 745 (2013) (with David Gray and Liz Clark Rinehart).
Addressing the Harm of Total Surveillance: A Reply to Professor Neil Richards
126 Harvard Law Review Forum 262 (2013) (with David Gray).
Mainstreaming Privacy Torts
98 Cal. L. Rev. 1805 (2011).
Intermediaries and Hate Speech: Fostering Digital Citizenship for the Information Age
91 B.U. L. Rev. 1435 (2011) (with Helen Norton).
Network Accountability for the Domestic Intelligence Apparatus
62 Hastings L.J. 1441 (2011) (with Frank Pasquale).
Government Speech 2.0
88 Denv. L. Rev. 899 (2010) (with Helen Norton).
Cyber Civil Rights: Looking Forward
87 Denver University Law Review Online 1 (2010).
Book Review, Visionary Pragmatism and the Value of Privacy in the Twenty-First Century
108 Mich. L. Rev. 1107 (2010) (reviewing ) (with Leslie Meltzer Henry).
Fulfilling Government 2.0's Promise with Robust Privacy Protection
78 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 822 (2010).
Law's Expressive Value in Combating Cyber Gender Harassment
108 Mich. L. Rev. 373 (2009).
Cyber Civil Rights
89 B.U. L. Rev. 61 (2009).
Technological Due Process
85 Wash. U. L. Rev. 1249 (2008).
Open Code Governance
16 U. Chi. Legal F. 355 (2008).
Reservoirs of Danger: The Evolution of Public and Private Law at the Dawn of the Information Age
80 S. Cal. L. Rev. 241 (2007).
Minimum Contacts in a Borderless World: Voice over Internet Protocol and the Coming Implosion of Personal Jurisdiction Theory
39 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 101 (2006).

Awards

*''2019 MacArthur Fellow'' *Fastcase 50 2022 Honoree *''UMB 2018 Champion of Excellence'' *''2018 Privacy for Policymakers Best Paper Award'' for
Sexual Privacy
*''2016 Privacy for Policymakers Best Paper Award'' for
The Privacy Policymaking of State Attorneys General
and
Risk and Anxiety: A Theory of Data Breach Harms
(coauthored with Daniel J. Solove) *''Best Paper of 2016'', International Association of Privacy Practitioners for
The Privacy Policymaking of State Attorneys General
*''Best Paper of 2014'', International Association of Privacy Practitioners for
The Scored Society
(coauthored with Frank Pasquale) *''Top 50 World Thinkers'', 2015, '' Prospect'' UK magazine (naming 50 "leaders in their fields, engaging in original and profound ways with the central questions of the world today—whether in economics, science, philosophy, religion or feminism. We chose them based on recommendations from our wide pool of writers and editors"). *''Top 50 Most Influential Marylanders'', 2015, '' Maryland Daily Record''

References

External links

Danielle Keats Citron
official site {{DEFAULTSORT:Citron, Danielle Duke University alumni Living people Fordham University School of Law alumni University of Maryland, Baltimore faculty University of Virginia School of Law faculty Computer law scholars Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people)