Dysdera Gamarrae

''Dysdera'' is a genus of woodlouse hunting spiders that was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. They originated from Central Asia to Central Europe.

The family has gained many common names from their individual species, including the "European garden spider", the "slater-eating spider", the "sow-bug killer", the "woodlouse hunter", and the "woodlouse spider".

A bite from one of these spiders can be painful due to their large fangs and wide jaw. It may leave an itchy, swollen, or red bump, but the venom from one of their bites is not harmful to humans.

Description

Adults have a reddish-brown body and legs, and can grow up to long. Females are generally larger growing from , while males are about . Their six eyes are close together in an oval shape, and they have eight reddish legs, the second pair facing backward.

''Dysdera'' live in natural shelters, which they wrap by totally white silk. The inhabitants of hot and humid forest will take any potential shelter on or close to the ground. The shelters are used to hide from predators as well as for keeping the spider warm. During the day, they are commonly found taking shelter under objects like gravel with organic material covering it, stones, bark, and occasionally in suburban gardens.

Diet

''Dysdera'' are one of the few known arthropods to hunt and prey on woodlice, one of their main food sources. These spiders have wide jaws and large fangs to help to overcome the solid armor-like shells of woodlice. It makes them powerful predators for their size, allowing them to dominate or kill competitors, such as centipedes or other spiders. ''Dysdera crocata, D. crocata'' is the only species from the ''Dysdera'' family known to prey on other spiders.

They can also excrete certain enzymes that neutralize the chemical defenses of potential prey, allowing them to subsist on other common ground-dwelling invertebrates, including silverfish, earwigs, millipedes, and small burying beetles. ''Dysdera unguimannis, D. unguimannis'' is considered the most remarkable case of troglomorphism (adaptation to cave life) in the genus ''Dysdera''.

Mating

Mating is mainly done during the month of April. The female is the main caregiver for the young. After mating, the male has minimal to no role in the child rearing process. Before laying the eggs, females will make a silk pouch to protect and give them shelter. She can lay up to seventy eggs at once, and will stay in the silk pouch with the eggs, protecting them and waiting for them to hatch.

Distribution

The ''D. crocata'', ''Dysdera ninnii, D. ninnii'', ''Dysdera dubrovninnii, D. dubrovninnii'', ''Dysdera hungarica, D. hungarica'', and ''Dysdera longirostris, D. longirostris'' are the five species still found in Central Europe after the last glacial period. They are also abundantly found in North African countries like Morocco and Egypt, but also in Ethiopia, the Iberian Peninsula, and Australia. In the United States, ''Dysdera crocata'' is found from New England down to Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, and all the way across the country in California. At least two species inhabit South America: ''Dysdera solers, D. solers'' in Colombia- possibly a relict species from the post-miocene era- and ''Dysdera magna, D. magna'' in Brazil, Uruguay, and the central area of Chile.

Canary Islands

''Dysdera'' inhabits all of the Macaronesian archipelagos, but the most drastic variety is in the Canary Islands, a 22 million year old volcanic archipelago nearly off the northwestern coast of Africa. These islands house over forty endemic species of ''Dysdera'', thirty-six of which likely descended from a single ancestor, and six of which are associated with the oldest eastern island. On Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, the spider populations are limited to the highest elevation.

The most likely reason that these spiders are so abundant on the Canary Islands is due to the abundance of species on the nearby Iberian Peninsula and North Africas. Groups like ''Dysdera crocata'' and ''Dysdera erythrina'', found on two neighboring lands, are found more often than ''Dysdera lata, D. lata'' and ''Dysdera longirostris'', found also in North Africa and Iberia. Over time, these spiders either made their way to the islands, then began evolving separately, or were separated when the islands broke off from the greater land masses.

In total, two to four colonization events are assumed. This probably happened by rafting, or even more likely by transport on floating islands, for ''Dysdera'' is not known to use ballooning (spider), ballooning. ''Dydera lancerotensis'' is the only species where an independent origin from continental ancestors is unquestionable; it was originally described as a subspecies of ''Dysdera crocata''.
While some of the remaining Macaronesian archipelagos have been colonized from the Canaries, the Azores have been independently colonized from the continent.

The radiation of ''Dysdera'' is surpassed on the Canary Islands only by the snail genus ''Napaeus'', the millipede genus ''Julidae#Classification, Dolichoiulus'', and the beetle genera ''Malachiinae#Overview of genera, Attalus'' and ''Laparocerini#Genera, Laparocerus''.

Species

it contains 285 species.

A study published in 2021 used an integrative approach combining morphological and molecular evidence to describe 8 species new to science as well as re-describing and synonymising some existing species.

*''Dysdera aberrans, D. aberrans'' Gasparo, 2010 – Italy
*''Dysdera aciculata, D. aciculata'' Eugène Simon, Simon, 1882 – Algeria
*''Dysdera aculeata, D. aculeata'' Kroneberg, 1875 – Central Asia, Iran? Introduced to Croatia
*''Dysdera adriatica, D. adriatica'' Władysław Kulczyński, Kulczyński, 1897 – Austria, Balkans
*''Dysdera affinis, D. affinis'' Ferrández, 1996 – Spain
*''Dysdera afghana, D. afghana'' Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan
*''Dysdera akpinarae, D. akpinarae'' Varol, 2016 – Turkey
*''Dysdera alegranzaensis, D. alegranzaensis'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera alentejana, D. alentejana'' Ferrández, 1996 – Portugal
*''Dysdera ambulotenta, D. ambulotenta'' Ribera, Ferrández & Blasco, 1986 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera anatoliae, D. anatoliae'' Christa L. Deeleman-Reinhold, Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Turkey
*''Dysdera ancora, D. ancora'' Grasshoff, 1959 – Italy
*''Dysdera andamanae, D. andamanae'' Arnedo & Ribera, 1997 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera andreini, D. andreini'' Lodovico di Caporiacco, Caporiacco, 1928 – Italy, Albania
*''Dysdera aneris, D. aneris'' Macías-Hernández & Arnedo, 2010 – Selvagens Is.
*''Dysdera anonyma, D. anonyma'' Ferrández, 1984 – Spain
*''Dysdera apenninica, D. apenninica'' Alicata, 1964 – Italy
**''Dysdera apenninica, Dysdera a. aprutiana'' Alicata, 1964 – Italy
*''Dysdera arabiafelix, D. arabiafelix'' Gasparo & van Harten, 2006 – Yemen
*''Dysdera arabica, D. arabica'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Oman
*''Dysdera arabisenen, D. arabisenen'' Arnedo & Ribera, 1997 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera argaeica, D. argaeica'' Nosek, 1905 – Turkey
*''Dysdera arganoi, D. arganoi'' Gasparo, 2004 – Italy
*''Dysdera armenica, D. armenica'' Dmitry Kharitonov, Charitonov, 1956 – Armenia, Georgia
*''Dysdera arnedoi, D. arnedoi'' Lissner, 2017 – Spain (Majorca)
*''Dysdera arnoldii, D. arnoldii'' Charitonov, 1956 – Central Asia
*''Dysdera asiatica, D. asiatica'' Nosek, 1905 – Turkey, Iran (?)
*''Dysdera atlantea, D. atlantea'' Denis, 1954 – Morocco
*''Dysdera atlantica, D. atlantica'' Simon, 1909 – Morocco
*''Dysdera aurgitana, D. aurgitana'' Ferrández, 1996 – Spain
*''Dysdera azerbajdzhanica, D. azerbajdzhanica'' Charitonov, 1956 – Caucasus (Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan)
*''Dysdera baetica, D. baetica'' Ferrández, 1984 – Spain
*''Dysdera balearica, D. balearica'' Tamerlan Thorell, Thorell, 1873 – Spain (Majorca)
*''Dysdera bandamae, D. bandamae'' Günter Schmidt (arachnologist), Schmidt, 1973 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera baratellii, D. baratellii'' Pesarini, 2001 – Italy
*''Dysdera beieri, D. beieri'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece
*''Dysdera bellimundi, D. bellimundi'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Montenegro, Albania
*''Dysdera bernardi, D. bernardi'' Denis, 1966 – Libya
*''Dysdera bicolor, D. bicolor'' Władysław Taczanowski, Taczanowski, 1874 – French Guiana
*''Dysdera bicornis, D. bicornis'' Fage, 1931 – Spain
*''Dysdera bidentata, D. bidentata'' Dunin, 1990 – Azerbaijan
*''Dysdera bogatschevi, D. bogatschevi'' Dunin, 1990 – Georgia, Azerbaijan
*''Dysdera borealicaucasica, D. borealicaucasica'' Dunin, 1991 – Russia (Caucasus)
*''Dysdera bottazziae, D. bottazziae'' Caporiacco, 1951 – Italy, Croatia
*''Dysdera breviseta, D. breviseta'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera brevispina, D. brevispina'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera brignoliana, D. brignoliana'' Gasparo, 2000 – Italy
*''Dysdera brignolii, D. brignolii'' Dunin, 1989 – Turkmenistan
*''Dysdera caeca, D. caeca'' Ribera, 1993 – Morocco
*''Dysdera calderensis, D. calderensis'' Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera castillonensis, D. castillonensis'' Ferrández, 1996 – Spain
*''Dysdera catalonica, D. catalonica'' Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
*''Dysdera cechica, D. cechica'' Řezáč, 2018 – Austria, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia?
*''Dysdera centroitalica, D. centroitalica'' Gasparo, 1997 – Italy
*''Dysdera cephalonica, D. cephalonica'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece
*''Dysdera charitonowi, D. charitonowi'' Mcheidze, 1979 – Georgia
*''Dysdera chioensis, D. chioensis'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera circularis, D. circularis'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece
*''Dysdera coiffaiti, D. coiffaiti'' Denis, 1962 – Madeira
*''Dysdera collucata, D. collucata'' Dunin, 1991 – Armenia
*''Dysdera concinna, D. concinna'' Ludwig Carl Christian Koch, L. Koch, 1878 – Azerbaijan, Iran (?)
*''Dysdera corallina, D. corallina'' Risso, 1826 – Spain, France
*''Dysdera corfuensis, D. corfuensis'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Albania, Greece (Corfu)
*''Dysdera cornipes, D. cornipes'' Ferdinand Karsch, Karsch, 1881 – Libya
*''Dysdera cribellata, D. cribellata'' Simon, 1883 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera cribrata, D. cribrata'' Simon, 1882 – France, Italy, Andorra
*''Dysdera cristata, D. cristata'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Syria, Lebanon
*''Dysdera crocata, D. crocata'' Carl Ludwig Koch, C. L. Koch, 1838 – Europe, Caucasus, Iraq, Central Asia. Introduced to North America, Chile, Brazil, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii
**''Dysdera crocata, Dysdera c. mutica'' Simon, 1911 – Algeria
**''Dysdera crocata, Dysdera c. parvula'' Simon, 1911 – Algeria
*''Dysdera crocolita, D. crocolita'' Simon, 1911 – Algeria
*''Dysdera curviseta, D. curviseta'' Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera cylindrica, D. cylindrica'' Octavius Pickard-Cambridge, O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 – Pakistan
*''Dysdera daghestanica, D. daghestanica'' Dunin, 1991 – Russia (Caucasus)
*''Dysdera dentichelis, D. dentichelis'' Simon, 1882 – Lebanon
*''Dysdera deserticola, D. deserticola'' Simon, 1911 – Algeria
*''Dysdera dissimilis, D. dissimilis'' sp. nov.
*''Dysdera diversa, D. diversa'' John Blackwall, Blackwall, 1862 – Madeira
*''Dysdera dolanskyi, D. dolanskyi'' Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
*''Dysdera drescoi, D. drescoi'' Ribera, 1983 – Morocco
*''Dysdera dubrovninnii, D. dubrovninnii'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – SE Europe (Balkans), Romania, Slovakia
*''Dysdera dunini, D. dunini'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, Caucasus (Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan)
*''Dysdera dysderoides, D. dysderoides'' (Caporiacco, 1947) – Ethiopia
*''Dysdera edumifera, D. edumifera'' Ferrández, 1983 – Spain
*''Dysdera enghoffi, D. enghoffi'' Arnedo, Oromí & Ribera, 1997 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera enguriensis, D. enguriensis'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Turkey
*''Dysdera erythrina, D. erythrina'' (Walckenaer, 1802) (Type species, type) – Southwestern and Western to Central Europe
*''Dysdera espanoli, D. espanoli'' Ribera & Ferrández, 1986 – Spain
*''Dysdera esquiveli, D. esquiveli'' Ribera & Blasco, 1986 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera exigua, D. exigua'' sp. nov.
*''Dysdera fabrorum, D. fabrorum'' Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
*''Dysdera falciformis, D. falciformis'' Barrientos & Ferrández, 1982 – Spain
*''Dysdera fedtschenkoi, D. fedtschenkoi'' Dunin, 1992 – Tajikistan
*''Dysdera ferghanica, D. ferghanica'' Dunin, 1985 – Kyrgyzstan
*''Dysdera fervida, D. fervida'' Simon, 1882 – France (Corsica), Spain (Balearic Is.)?
*''Dysdera festai, D. festai'' Caporiacco, 1929 – Greece (Rhodes)
*''Dysdera flagellata, D. flagellata'' Grasshoff, 1959 – Italy
*''Dysdera flagellifera, D. flagellifera'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Italy
**''Dysdera flagellifera, Dysdera f. aeoliensis'' Alicata, 1973 – Italy
*''Dysdera flavitarsis, D. flavitarsis'' Simon, 1882 – Spain
*''Dysdera fragaria, D. fragaria'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece (Rhodes)
*''Dysdera furcata, D. furcata'' Varol & Danışman, 2018 – Turkey
*''Dysdera fuscipes, D. fuscipes'' Simon, 1882 – Portugal, Spain, France
*''Dysdera fustigans, D. fustigans'' Alicata, 1966 – Italy
*''Dysdera galinae, D. galinae'' Dimitrov, 2018 – Turkey
*''Dysdera gamarrae, D. gamarrae'' Ferrández, 1984 – Spain
*''Dysdera garrafensis, D. garrafensis'' Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
*''Dysdera gemina, D. gemina'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Israel
*''Dysdera ghilarovi, D. ghilarovi'' Dunin, 1987 – Azerbaijan
*''Dysdera gibbifera, D. gibbifera'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera gigas, D. gigas'' Carl Friedrich Roewer, Roewer, 1928 – Greece (Crete)
*''Dysdera gmelini, D. gmelini'' Dunin, 1991 – Georgia
*''Dysdera gollumi, D. gollumi'' Ribera & Arnedo, 1994 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera gomerensis, D. gomerensis'' Embrik Strand, Strand, 1911 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera graia, D. graia'' Řezáč, 2018 – France
*''Dysdera granulata, D. granulata'' Kulczyński, 1897 – Italy, Balkans, Albania
*''Dysdera gruberi, D. gruberi'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Turkey
*''Dysdera guayota, D. guayota'' Arnedo & Ribera, 1999 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera halkidikii, D. halkidikii'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Macedonia, Greece
*''Dysdera hamifera, D. hamifera'' Simon, 1911 – Algeria
**''Dysdera hamifera, Dysdera h. macellina'' Simon, 1911 – Algeria
*''Dysdera hattusas, D. hattusas'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Turkey
*''Dysdera helenae, D. helenae'' Ferrández, 1996 – Spain
*''Dysdera hernandezi, D. hernandezi'' Arnedo & Ribera, 1999 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera hiemalis, D. hiemalis'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece (Crete)
*''Dysdera hirguan, D. hirguan'' Arnedo, Oromí & Ribera, 1997 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera hirsti, D. hirsti'' Denis, 1945 – Algeria
*''Dysdera hungarica, D. hungarica'' Kulczyński, 1897 – Central Europe to Azerbaijan
**''Dysdera hungarica, Dysdera h. atra'' Mcheidze, 1979 – Georgia, Azerbaijan
**''Dysdera hungarica, Dysdera h. subalpina'' Dunin, 1992 – Russia (Caucasus)
*''Dysdera iguanensis, D. iguanensis'' Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera imeretiensis, D. imeretiensis'' Mcheidze, 1979 – Georgia
*''Dysdera incertissima, D. incertissima'' Denis, 1961 – Morocco
*''Dysdera incognita, D. incognita'' Dunin, 1991 – Russia (Europe, Caucasus)
*''Dysdera inermis, D. inermis'' Ferrández, 1984 – Spain
*''Dysdera inopinata, D. inopinata'' Dunin, 1991 – Georgia
*''Dysdera insulana, D. insulana'' Simon, 1883 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera isambertoi, D. isambertoi'' sp. nov.
*''Dysdera jana, D. jana'' Gasparo & Arnedo, 2009 – Italy (Sardinia)
*''Dysdera karabachica, D. karabachica'' Dunin, 1990 – Azerbaijan
*''Dysdera kati, D. kati'' Komnenov & Chatzaki, 2016 – Greece
*''Dysdera kollari, D. kollari'' Doblika, 1853 – Italy, Balkans, Greece, Turkey
*''Dysdera krisis, D. krisis'' Komnenov & Chatzaki, 2016 – Greece, Turkey
*''Dysdera kronebergi, D. kronebergi'' Dunin, 1992 – Tajikistan
*''Dysdera kropfi, D. kropfi'' Řezáč, 2018 – Switzerland
*''Dysdera kugitangica, D. kugitangica'' Dunin, 1992 – Turkmenistan
*''Dysdera kulczynskii, D. kulczynskii'' Simon, 1914 – France, Italy
*''Dysdera kusnetsovi, D. kusnetsovi'' Dunin, 1989 – Turkmenistan
*''Dysdera labradaensis, D. labradaensis'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera lagrecai, D. lagrecai'' Alicata, 1964 – Italy
*''Dysdera lancerotensis, D. lancerotensis'' Simon, 1907 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera lantosquensis, D. lantosquensis'' Simon, 1882 – France, Italy
*''Dysdera lata, D. lata'' Reuss, 1834 – Mediterranean to Georgia
*''Dysdera laterispina, D. laterispina'' Pesarini, 2001 – Greece
*''Dysdera leprieuri, D. leprieuri'' Simon, 1882 – Algeria
*''Dysdera levipes, D. levipes'' Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera ligustica, D. ligustica'' Gasparo, 1997 – Italy
*''Dysdera limitanea, D. limitanea'' Dunin, 1985 – Turkmenistan
*''Dysdera limnos, D. limnos'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece
*''Dysdera liostetha, D. liostetha'' Simon, 1907 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera littoralis, D. littoralis'' Denis, 1962 – Morocco
*''Dysdera longa, D. longa'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera longibulbis, D. longibulbis'' Denis, 1962 – Madeira
*''Dysdera longimandibularis, D. longimandibularis'' Nosek, 1905 – Turkey, Cyprus
*''Dysdera longirostris, D. longirostris'' Doblika, 1853 – Central to south-eastern and eastern Europe, Turkey, Caucasus
*''Dysdera lubrica, D. lubrica'' Simon, 1907 – Egypt
*''Dysdera lucidipes, D. lucidipes'' Simon, 1882 – Algeria
**''Dysdera lucidipes, Dysdera l. melillensis'' Simon, 1911 – Morocco
*''Dysdera lusitanica, D. lusitanica'' Kulczyński, 1915 – Portugal, Spain
*''Dysdera machadoi, D. machadoi'' Ferrández, 1996 – Portugal, Spain
*''Dysdera macra, D. macra'' Simon, 1883 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera madai, D. madai'' Arnedo, 2007 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera mahan, D. mahan'' Macías-Hernández & Arnedo, 2010 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera maronita, D. maronita'' Gasparo, 2003 – Lebanon
*''Dysdera martensi, D. martensi'' Dunin, 1991 – Caucasus (Russia, Georgia)
*''Dysdera mauritanica, D. mauritanica'' Simon, 1909 – Morocco
**''Dysdera mauritanica, Dysdera m. aurantiaca'' Simon, 1909 – Morocco
*''Dysdera maurusia, D. maurusia'' Thorell, 1873 – Algeria, Hungary?, Slovakia?, USA?
*''Dysdera mazini, D. mazini'' Dunin, 1991 – Armenia, Azerbaijan
*''Dysdera meschetiensis, D. meschetiensis'' Mcheidze, 1979 – Georgia
*''Dysdera microdonta, D. microdonta'' Gasparo, 2014 – Italy, Austria, Slovenia, Serbia
*''Dysdera minairo, D. minairo'' Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
*''Dysdera minuta, D. minuta'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece (Rhodes)
*''Dysdera minutissima, D. minutissima'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera mixta, D. mixta'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Turkey
*''Dysdera montanetensis, D. montanetensis'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera monterossoi, D. monterossoi'' Alicata, 1964 – Italy
*''Dysdera moravica, D. moravica'' Řezáč, 2014 – Germany to Romania
*''Dysdera mucronata, D. mucronata'' Simon, 1911 – Morocco, Spain
*''Dysdera murphyorum, D. murphyorum'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Albania, Greece (Corfu)
*''Dysdera nakhchivanica, D. nakhchivanica'' Beydizade, Shafaie & Guseinov, 2018 – Azerbaijan
*''Dysdera nenilini, D. nenilini'' Dunin, 1989 – Turkmenistan
*''Dysdera neocretica, D. neocretica'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece (Crete), Turkey
*''Dysdera nesiotes, D. nesiotes'' Simon, 1907 – Selvagens Is., Canary Is.
*''Dysdera nicaeensis, D. nicaeensis'' Thorell, 1873 – France, Italy
*''Dysdera ninnii, D. ninnii'' Giovanni Canestrini, Canestrini, 1868 – Switzerland, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia
*''Dysdera nomada, D. nomada'' Simon, 1911 – Tunisia
*''Dysdera nubila, D. nubila'' Simon, 1882 – France (Corsica), Italy
*''Dysdera orahan, D. orahan'' Arnedo, Oromí & Ribera, 1997 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera ortunoi, D. ortunoi'' Ferrández, 1996 – Spain
*''Dysdera osellai, D. osellai'' Alicata, 1973 – Italy
*''Dysdera paganettii, D. paganettii'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Italy
*''Dysdera pamirica, D. pamirica'' Dunin, 1992 – Tajikistan
*''Dysdera pandazisi, D. pandazisi'' Hadjissarantos, 1940 – Greece
*''Dysdera paucispinosa, D. paucispinosa'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera pavani, D. pavani'' Caporiacco, 1941 – Italy
*''Dysdera pectinata, D. pectinata'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Bulgaria, Macedonia, Greece
*''Dysdera pharaonis, D. pharaonis'' Simon, 1907 – Egypt
*''Dysdera pococki, D. pococki'' Dunin, 1985 – Turkmenistan
*''Dysdera pominii, D. pominii'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Italy
*''Dysdera portisancti, D. portisancti'' Wunderlich, 1995 – Madeira
*''Dysdera portsensis, D. portsensis'' Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
*''Dysdera pradesensis, D. pradesensis'' Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
*''Dysdera praepostera, D. praepostera'' Denis, 1961 – Morocco
*''Dysdera precaria, D. precaria'' sp. nov.
*''Dysdera presai, D. presai'' Ferrández, 1984 – Spain
*''Dysdera pretneri, D. pretneri'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Croatia, Montenegro, Greece
*''Dysdera pristiphora, D. pristiphora'' Pesarini, 2001 – Italy
*''Dysdera punctata, D. punctata'' C. L. Koch, 1838 – Southern Europe, Slovakia?, Georgia?
*''Dysdera punctocretica, D. punctocretica'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece (Corfu)
*''Dysdera pyrenaica, D. pyrenaica'' Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
*''Dysdera quindecima, D. quindecima'' Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
*''Dysdera raddei, D. raddei'' Dunin, 1990 – Azerbaijan
*''Dysdera ramblae, D. ramblae'' Arnedo, Oromí & Ribera, 1997 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera ratonensis, D. ratonensis'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera ravida, D. ravida'' Simon, 1909 – Morocco
*''Dysdera recondita, D. recondita'' sp. nov.
*''Dysdera richteri, D. richteri'' Charitonov, 1956 – Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia
*''Dysdera roemeri, D. roemeri'' Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
*''Dysdera romana, D. romana'' Gasparo & Di Franco, 2008 – Italy
*''Dysdera romantica, D. romantica'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece
*''Dysdera rostrata, D. rostrata'' Denis, 1961 – Morocco
*''Dysdera rubus, D. rubus'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Turkey, Greece
*''Dysdera rudis, D. rudis'' Simon, 1882 – France
*''Dysdera rugichelis, D. rugichelis'' Simon, 1907 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera rullii, D. rullii'' Pesarini, 2001 – Italy
*''Dysdera sanborondon, D. sanborondon'' Arnedo, Oromí & Ribera, 2000 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera sandrae, D. sandrae'' sp. nov.
*''Dysdera satunini, D. satunini'' Dunin, 1990 – Azerbaijan
*''Dysdera scabricula, D. scabricula'' Simon, 1882 – France, Spain
*''Dysdera sciakyi, D. sciakyi'' Pesarini, 2001 – Greece
*''Dysdera seclusa, D. seclusa'' Denis, 1961 – Morocco
*''Dysdera sefrensis, D. sefrensis'' Simon, 1911 – Morocco
*''Dysdera septima, D. septima'' Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
*''Dysdera shardana, D. shardana'' Opatova & Arnedo, 2009 – Italy (Sardinia)
*''Dysdera sibyllina, D. sibyllina'' Arnedo, 2007 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera sibyllinica, D. sibyllinica'' Kritscher, 1956 – Italy
*''Dysdera silana, D. silana'' Alicata, 1965 – Italy
*''Dysdera silvatica, D. silvatica'' Schmidt, 1981 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera simbeque, D. simbeque'' Macías-Hernández & Arnedo, 2010 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera simoni, D. simoni'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Syria, Israel, Lebanon
*''Dysdera snassenica, D. snassenica'' Simon, 1911 – Morocco, Algeria
**''Dysdera snassenica, Dysdera s. collina'' Simon, 1911 – Morocco
*''Dysdera soleata, D. soleata'' Karsch, 1881 – Libya
*''Dysdera solers, D. solers'' Walckenaer, 1837 – Colombia
*''Dysdera spasskyi, D. spasskyi'' Charitonov, 1956 – Georgia
*''Dysdera spinicrus, D. spinicrus'' Simon, 1882 – Balkans, Greece, Syria
*''Dysdera spinidorsa, D. spinidorsa'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera stahlavskyi, D. stahlavskyi'' Řezáč, 2018 – France
*''Dysdera subcylindrica, D. subcylindrica'' Charitonov, 1956 – Central Asia
*''Dysdera subnubila, D. subnubila'' Simon, 1907 – Italy, Tunisia, Egypt
*''Dysdera subsquarrosa, D. subsquarrosa'' Simon, 1914 – France, Italy
*''Dysdera sultani, D. sultani'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece, Turkey
*''Dysdera sutoria, D. sutoria'' Denis, 1945 – Morocco
*''Dysdera tartarica, D. tartarica'' Kroneberg, 1875 – Central Asia
*''Dysdera tbilisiensis, D. tbilisiensis'' Mcheidze, 1979 – Georgia
*''Dysdera tenuistyla, D. tenuistyla'' Denis, 1961 – Morocco
*''Dysdera teixeirai, D. teixeirai'' sp. nov.
*''Dysdera tezcani, D. tezcani'' Varol & Akpınar, 2016 – Turkey
*''Dysdera tilosensis, D. tilosensis'' Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera titanica, D. titanica'' sp. nov.
*''Dysdera topcui, D. topcui'' Gasparo, 2008 – Turkey
*''Dysdera tredecima, D. tredecima'' Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
*''Dysdera turcica, D. turcica'' Varol, 2016 – Turkey
*''Dysdera tystshenkoi, D. tystshenkoi'' Dunin, 1989 – Turkmenistan
*''Dysdera ukrainensis, D. ukrainensis'' Charitonov, 1956 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Georgia
*''Dysdera undecima, D. undecima'' Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
*''Dysdera unguimmanis, D. unguimmanis'' Ribera, Ferrández & Blasco, 1986 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera valentina, D. valentina'' Ribera, 2004 – Spain
*''Dysdera vandeli, D. vandeli'' Denis, 1962 – Madeira
*''Dysdera veigai, D. veigai'' Ferrández, 1984 – Spain
*''Dysdera ventricosa, D. ventricosa'' Grasshoff, 1959 – Italy
*''Dysdera vermicularis, D. vermicularis'' Lucien Berland, Berland, 1936 – Cape Verde Is.
*''Dysdera verneaui, D. verneaui'' Simon, 1883 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera vesiculifera, D. vesiculifera'' Simon, 1882 – Algeria
*''Dysdera vignai, D. vignai'' Gasparo, 2003 – Lebanon
*''Dysdera vivesi, D. vivesi'' Ribera & Ferrández, 1986 – Spain
*''Dysdera volcania, D. volcania'' Ribera, Ferrández & Blasco, 1986 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera werneri, D. werneri'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece
*''Dysdera westringi, D. westringi'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 – Eastern Mediterranean, Iraq
*''Dysdera yguanirae, D. yguanirae'' Arnedo & Ribera, 1997 – Canary Is.
*''Dysdera yozgat, D. yozgat'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Turkey
*''Dysdera zarudnyi, D. zarudnyi'' Charitonov, 1956 – Central Asia, Afghanistan

References

Further reading

*
*

External links

Dysdera
at BugGuide

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2083007

Araneomorphae genera
Dysderidae
Invertebrates of North Africa
Spiders of Africa
Spiders of Asia
Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille