Dysart Tolbooth and Town House is a municipal building in the High Street,
Dysart, Fife
Dysart ( ; gd, Dìseart) is a former town and royal burgh located on the south-east coast between Kirkcaldy and West Wemyss in Fife. The town is now considered to be a suburb of Kirkcaldy. Dysart was once part of a wider estate owned by the St ...
, Scotland. The structure, which was comprehensively restored in 2009, is a Category A
listed building
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
.
History
The first municipal building in the town was a tolbooth tower erected in 1567. This does not appear to have been successful as it was demolished, just eight years later, in 1575, and replaced by the present three-stage tower, which was built in
harled
Harling is a rough-cast wall finish consisting of lime and aggregate, known for its rough texture. Many castles and other buildings in Scotland and Ulster have walls finished with harling. It is also used on contemporary buildings, where it pr ...
stone and erected slightly to the south of the original structure, in 1576. The first stage of the tower contained a doorway, while the second and third stages were originally blind, although a clock was installed in the third stage in 1592.
[ There was a round stair-tower at the northeast corner of the building which provided access to the upper levels, and the building was extended to create a prison in 1617: five women were accused of witchcraft and incarcerated there in 1630.
After ]roundhead
Roundheads were the supporters of the Parliament of England during the English Civil War (1642–1651). Also known as Parliamentarians, they fought against King Charles I of England and his supporters, known as the Cavaliers or Royalists, who ...
troops started using the building to store gunpowder
Gunpowder, also commonly known as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive. It consists of a mixture of sulfur, carbon (in the form of charcoal) and potassium nitrate (saltpeter). ...
during the English Civil War
The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians (" Roundheads") and Royalists led by Charles I ("Cavaliers"), mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of re ...
, the roof of the building was blown off by an accidental explosion in 1651. A forestair leading up to a doorway on the southwest side was added in 1717 and repairs were carried out to the building in 1719. Andrew St Clair, 12th Lord Sinclair, whose seat was at Dysart House, commissioned improvements to the tower in 1743. These works involved remodelling the tower with a new octagon
In geometry, an octagon (from the Greek ὀκτάγωνον ''oktágōnon'', "eight angles") is an eight-sided polygon or 8-gon.
A '' regular octagon'' has Schläfli symbol and can also be constructed as a quasiregular truncated square, t, whi ...
al belfry surmounted by an ogee
An ogee ( ) is the name given to objects, elements, and curves—often seen in architecture and building trades—that have been variously described as serpentine-, extended S-, or sigmoid-shaped. Ogees consist of a "double curve", the combinatio ...
-shaped roof and a weather vane
A wind vane, weather vane, or weathercock is an instrument used for showing the direction of the wind. It is typically used as an architectural ornament to the highest point of a building. The word ''vane'' comes from the Old English word , m ...
. The improvements were undertaken by Alexander Mawer at a cost of £499 to a design by John Douglas of Edinburgh
Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian ...
and were completed in 1744. The building was then extended down Victoria Street to provide an assembly hall in 1765.[
By the early 1880s, the Victoria Street extension had become very dilapidated, and the burgh leaders decided to replace it with a new town house. The new building was designed by ]Campbell Douglas
Archibald Campbell Douglas (usually simply referred to as Campbell Douglas) (14 June 1828 – 14 April 1910) was a Scottish architect based primarily in Glasgow. He designed many churches in Glasgow and Edinburgh, especially those for the Fre ...
and James Sellars
James Sellars (2 December 1843 – 9 October 1888) was a Scottish architect who was heavily influenced by the work of Alexander Greek Thomson.
Life
He was born in the Gorbals in Glasgow, son of James Sellars, house factor and Elizabeth ...
in the neoclassical style
Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassicism, Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France. It became one of the most prominent architectural styles in the Western world. The pr ...
, built in ashlar
Ashlar () is finely dressed (cut, worked) stone, either an individual stone that has been worked until squared, or a structure built from such stones. Ashlar is the finest stone masonry unit, generally rectangular cuboid, mentioned by Vitruv ...
stone and was completed in 1888.[ The design involved a main frontage of three bays facing onto Victoria Street. The central bay contained a doorway which was flanked by bi-partite windows in the outer bays, and there were three ]sash window
A sash window or hung sash window is made of one or more movable panels, or "sashes". The individual sashes are traditionally paned window (architecture), paned windows, but can now contain an individual sheet (or sheets, in the case of double gla ...
s on the first floor. Internally, the principal rooms were the council chamber, the courtroom and the magistrates' room.[ The burgh council, which had previously held their meetings in St Serf's Church, then started using the new council chamber.
The building continued to serve as the meeting place of the burgh council into the 20th century but ceased to be the local seat of government when the area was absorbed by Kirkcaldy Burgh Council in 1930. After a long period of disuse, the fabric of the building deteriorated and the structure again became dilapidated. A major programme of refurbishment works, financed by ]Fife Council
Fife Council is the local authority for the Fife area of Scotland and is the third largest Scottish council, with 75 elected council members.
Councillors are generally elected every five years. At the 2012 election there were 78 councillors ele ...
, the National Heritage Lottery Fund and Historic Scotland
Historic Scotland ( gd, Alba Aosmhor) was an executive agency of the Scottish Office and later the Scottish Government from 1991 to 2015, responsible for safeguarding Scotland's built heritage, and promoting its understanding and enjoyment. ...
, started on site at a ceremony attended by the Member of the Scottish Parliament
Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP; gd, Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba, BPA; sco, Memmer o the Scots Pairliament, MSP) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament.
Electoral system
The ad ...
, Marilyn Livingstone
Marilyn Livingstone (born 30 September 1952) is a Scottish Labour Co-operative politician, who served as the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Kirkcaldy constituency from 1999 to 2011.
Before her election in 1999 she was the head o ...
, in April 2009. The works formed part of a wide programme of regeneration in the town which was completed in 2014.
See also
* List of listed buildings in Kirkcaldy, Fife
* List of Category A listed buildings in Fife
This is a list of Category A listed buildings in the Fife council area in east-central Scotland.
In Scotland, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of "special architectural or histo ...
References
{{reflist
Government buildings completed in 1576
City chambers and town halls in Scotland
Category A listed buildings in Fife