Dutch Braille is the

braille Braille (Pronounced: ) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are Blindness, blind, Deafblindness, deafblind or who have low vision. It can be read either on Paper embossing, embossed paper ...

alphabet used for the

Dutch language Dutch ( ) is a West Germanic language spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language. It is the third most widely spoken Germanic language The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-Europea ...

in the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

and in

Flanders Flanders (, ; Dutch: ''Vlaanderen'' ) is the Flemish-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, ...

History

In the Netherlands, braille was introduced in 1890. In Belgium, braille has been in use at least since the foundation of the Brailleliga in 1922, but probably earlier. Over the course of time, five different braille alphabets have been in use. One of these early alphabets was based on the pronunciation of Dutch. It is still used for example by office clerks and students for making notes. In 1946, the Vlaams-Nederlandse Braille-commissie (Flemish–Netherlands Braille Committee) was founded to decide on a uniform braille alphabet for the Dutch language. This was introduced in 1947.

Alphabet

Netherland Braille assigns international ''y'' to the vowel '' ij''. Three letters for print digraphs follow

German Braille German Braille is one of the older braille Braille (Pronounced: ) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are blind, deafblind or who have low vision. It can be read either on emboss ...

(though Dutch ''oe'' is pronounced very differently from German ''oe/ö'').Het brailleschrift
/ref> For letters with diacritics in foreign words,

French Braille French Braille is the original braille alphabet, and the basis of all others. The alphabetic order of French has become the basis of the international braille convention, used by most braille alphabets around the world. However, only the 25 basic ...

is used. Where this conflicts with Dutch values (''y/ij, ö/oe, ô/ch, û/sch''), a dot-6 prefix is used to specify the French reading: ''y'', ''û''. Unesco (2013) presents a Dutch Braille alphabet that is identical to the French. It appears that this is Belgian Dutch Braille.

Punctuation

Unesco (2013) has the opposite assignments for parentheses and quotation marks, and respectively. They also add and for square brackets, UNESCO (2013
World Braille Usage
3rd edition. This appears to be Belgian usage.

Formatting

References

''Braille-autoriteit'' voor het Nederlandse taalgebied
{{Braille French-ordered braille alphabets

Braille Braille (Pronounced: ) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are Blindness, blind, Deafblindness, deafblind or who have low vision. It can be read either on Paper embossing, embossed paper ...

History

Alphabet

Punctuation

Formatting

See also

References