The Duru languages are a group of

Savanna languages The Savannas languages, also known as Gur–Adamawa or Adamawa–Gur, is a branch of the Niger–Congo languages that includes Greenberg's Gur and Adamawa–Ubangui families. History of classification The Gur–Adamawa link was demonstrated in ...

spoken in northern

Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the C ...

and eastern

Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...

. They were labeled "G4" in

Joseph Greenberg Joseph Harold Greenberg (May 28, 1915 – May 7, 2001) was an American linguist, known mainly for his work concerning linguistic typology and the genetic classification of languages. Life Early life and education Joseph Greenberg was born on ...

's Adamawa language-family proposal. Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) also observes many morphological similarities between the Samba-Duru and

Central Gur languages The Gur languages, also known as Central Gur or Mabia, belong to the Niger–Congo languages. They are spoken in the Sahelian and savanna regions of West Africa, namely: in most areas of Burkina Faso, and in south-central Mali, northeastern Iv ...

Languages

* Duli (extinct) *Dii: Duupa, Dugun (Panõ),

Dii :''Dii'' ''is also the plural of Latin Deus.'' The Dii (; grc, Δίοι, Díoi) were an independent Thracian tribe, swordsmen, who lived among the foothills of Mount Rhodope in Thrace, and particularly in the east bank of Nestos, from the ...

(Mambe’, Mamna’a, Goom, Boow, Ngbang, Sagzee, Vaazin, Home, Nyok) * Peere (Kutin) * Longto (Voko) *Vere–Dowayo ** Dowayo ** Sewe ** Koma ** Vere However, Guldemann (2018) casts doubt on the coherence of Samba–Duru as a unified group.

Classification

In the Adamawa Languages Project site, Kleinewillinghöfer (2015) classifies the Samba-Duru group as follows (see also

Leko languages The Leko languages are a small group of languages spoken in northern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria. They were labeled "G2" in Joseph Greenberg's Adamawa language-family proposal. The Duru languages are frequently classified with the Leko languag ...

). ;Samba-Duru * Vere (Verre) **Jango (Mom Jango) **Vere cluster (Momi, Vere Kaadam) **Wɔmmu (Wongi, Wɔŋgi) **Nissim-Eilim **Kobom, Karum (Vere Kari), Danum **Vɔmnəm (Koma Vomni) **Gəunəm cluster: Yarəm, Lim, Gbaŋrɨm, Baidəm, Zanəm, Ləələm, etc. **Damtəm (Koma Damti), etc. *Gəmme (Gimme) ( Koma) **Gəmnəm (Gəmnime, Gimnime): Beiya, Gindoo; Riitime **Gəmme (Kompana, Panme): Yəgme, Dehnime; Baanime * Doyayo (Dooya̰a̰yɔ): Markɛ; Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of Poli); Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of the mountains) *Duru **

cluster ** Dugun (Paape, Sa) ** Duupa (Paape) ** Pɛrɛ (Pere, Kutin): Gaziwaːlɛ, Nɔlti), ˀAːlti; Zɔŋ Pɛrɛ (Potopo) ** Lɔŋto (Voko, Woko) *

Samba Samba (), also known as samba urbano carioca (''urban Carioca samba'') or simply samba carioca (''Carioca samba''), is a Brazilian music genre that originated in the Afro-Brazilian communities of Rio de Janeiro in the early 20th century. Havin ...

(Samba Leeko, Leko) **

cluster **Mubaako (Məbaako, Mumbaako,

Nyong The Nyong (formerly german: Yong) is a river in Cameroon. The river flows approximately to empty into the Gulf of Guinea. Course The Nyong originates east of the town of Abong-Mbang, where the northern rain forest feeds it. The river's leng ...

) ** KolbilaLittig, Sabine (2017)
Kolbila: Geography and history
**Pɛrɛma ( Wom)

Names and locations

Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).

Footnotes

References

*Roger Blench, 2004
List of Adamawa languages
(ms)

External links

Samba-Duru
(Adamawa Languages Project) {{Niger-Congo branches Leko–Nimbari languages Languages of Nigeria Languages of Cameroon