The Dukedom of Chandos is a title that has been created twice in the

Peerage of England The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain. There are five peerages in t ...

. First created as a barony by

Edward III Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring r ...

in 1337, its second creation in 1554 was due to the Brydges family's service to

Mary I Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, and as "Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain from January 1556 until her death in 1558. Sh ...

during Wyatt's rebellion, when she also gave them

Sudeley Castle Sudeley Castle is a Grade I listed castle in the parish of Sudeley, in the Cotswolds, near to the medieval market town of Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, England. The castle has 10 notable gardens covering some 15 acres within a 1,200-acre estate ...

. The barony was elevated to a dukedom in 1719, and it finally fell into

abeyance Abeyance (from the Old French ''abeance'' meaning "gaping") is a state of expectancy in respect of property, titles or office, when the right to them is not vested in any one person, but awaits the appearance or determination of the true owner. ...

in 1789, after 452 years.

History

A Robert de Chandos went to Ireland with King John in 1185. His son Roger in 1221 received licence to hold a fair at

Fownhope Fownhope is a village in Herefordshire, England, an area of outstanding natural beauty on the banks of the River Wye. The population of the village at the 2011 Census was 999. The village has a church, St. Mary's Parish Church; primary school, ...

in 1221. The son of this Roger, Robert de Chandos (d. 1302) participated in the Welsh expedition of

Edward I Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he ruled the duchies of Aquitaine and Gascony as a vassal o ...

. The son of Robert, Roger de Chandos, served in the

Scottish wars The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. The First War (1296–1328) began with the English invasion of ...

Edward II Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Caernarfon, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. The fourth son of Edward I, Edward became the heir apparent to t ...

and received a knighthood. In 1321, he was sheriff of Herefordshire. He was succeeded by Thomas de Chandos.

Wilhelmina Powlett, Duchess of Cleveland Catherine Lucy Wilhelmina Powlett, Duchess of Cleveland (née Stanhope; 1 June 1819 – 18 May 1901), also known as Lady Dalmeny and Lady Harry Vane, was an English historian and genealogist, best known for her 1889 work ''The Battle Abbey R ...

, ''The Battle Abbey Roll'' vol. 1 (1889), s.v. "Chaundos". Thomas was succeeded by his brother Roger de Chandos (''Rogerus de Chaundos''). Roger was made knight banneret by Edward III. It was this Roger who was summoned to parliament, and who was cited as Baron de Chandos between 1337 (11th year of

) and 1355, counting as the first creation of the title. Roger was succeeded by his son Thomas, who was in turn succeeded by his son John. Neither of these were summoned to parliament, and are thus not named Baron Chandos explicitly, but counted as ''de jure'' 2nd and 3rd Barons Chandos, respectively. John, who defended Hereford Castle against

Owain Glyndŵr Owain ap Gruffydd (), commonly known as Owain Glyndŵr or Glyn Dŵr (, anglicised as Owen Glendower), was a Welsh leader, soldier and military commander who led a 15 year long Welsh War of Independence with the aim of ending English rule in Wa ...

in 1403, died without issue in 1428. The Chandos estates in Herefordshire passed to the surviving daughter of John's sister Elizabeth, wife of Nicholas Mattesden, and eventually to his great nephew Giles Brugge, de jure 4th Baron Chandos (son of Edward Brugge and Alice de Berkeley whose mother was Margaret de Chandos). He became father to

Thomas Brugge, 5th Baron Chandos Thomas Brugge, de jure 5th Baron Chandos (1427 – 30 January 1493), was an English peer. Origins Thomas Brugge was born in Coberley, Gloucestershire, England son of Giles Brugge, 4th Baron Chandos and Catherine Clifford, daughter of James ...

(d. 1493). Thomas' son,

Giles Brugge, 6th Baron Chandos Giles Brugge of Cubberley, 6th Baron Chandos (c. 1462 – 1 December 1511) born in Cubberley, Gloucester, England. The son of Thomas Brugge, 5th Baron Chandos, and Florence Darrell. Giles took part in the Battle of Blackheath on 22 June 1497 from ...

(d. 1511) held the office of

High Sheriff of Gloucestershire This is a list of Sheriffs and High Sheriffs of Gloucestershire, who should not be confused with the Sheriffs of the City of Gloucester. The High Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown (in England and Wales the office previously kn ...

for 1499.

James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos by Michael Dahl

The son of Giles Brugge, John Brydges (d. 1557), was summoned to parliament for

Gloucestershire Gloucestershire ( abbreviated Glos) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn and the entire Forest of Dean. The county town is the city of Gl ...

at some point before 1554. In 1554, he was given

and created "''Baron Chandos'', ''of Sudeley in the county of Gloucester''" by Queen

, in the second creation of the title. The three succeeding barons were all Members of Parliament and persons of some importance—particularly Grey, 5th Baron, and his elder son George, 6th Baron. George had six daughters but no sons, and after the death of his brother William in 1676 the barony came to a kinsman, Sir James Brydges, Bart., who was English ambassador to

Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...

from 1680 to 1685. The eighth baron's eldest son, James Brydges (1674–1744), succeeded his father as ninth Baron Chandos in 1714. In the same year, he was created

Earl of Carnarvon Earl of Carnarvon is a title that has been created three times in British history. The current holder is George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon. The town and county in Wales to which the title refers are historically spelled ''Caernarfon,'' havi ...

(second creation) and Duke of Chandos in 1719. Subsidiary titles included ''Marquess of Carnarvon'' (1719) and ''Viscount Wilton'' (1714). All of these titles were in the

Peerage of Great Britain The Peerage of Great Britain comprises all extant peerages created in the Kingdom of Great Britain between the Acts of Union 1707 and the Acts of Union 1800. It replaced the Peerage of England and the Peerage of Scotland, but was itself r ...

. The 1st Duke built an exceptionally grand country house called

Cannons A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during ...

that, though it was parodied in his lifetime, was a seat of great learning and culture:

Handel George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (; baptised , ; 23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German-British Baroque composer well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, concerti grossi, and organ concertos. Handel received his training i ...

was the resident composer from 1717 until 1719. Brydges' Cannons was demolished after his death, to pay the debts he incurred in the

South Sea Bubble South is one of the cardinal directions or compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both east and west. Etymology The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Proto-Germanic ''*sunþaz ...

disaster, and by his son. It was replaced by a modest villa built by William Hallett, and Cannons is now occupied by

North London Collegiate School North London Collegiate School (NLCS) is an independent school with a day school for girls in England. Founded in Camden Town, it is now located in Edgware, in the London Borough of Harrow. Associate schools are located in South Korea, Jeju I ...

whose archives contain some information on the duke, his second wife Cassandra Willoughby, and subsequent owners of Cannons. Author

Jane Austen Jane Austen (; 16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique, and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century. Austen's plots of ...

was descended from his sister Mary. With the death of the third duke in 1789, the titles became extinct, and the barony became dormant. An attempt was made by

Samuel Egerton Brydges Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges, 1st Baronet (30 November 1762 – 8 September 1837) was an English bibliographer and genealogist. He was also Member of Parliament for Maidstone from 1812 to 1818. Educated at Maidstone Grammar School and The King ...

to claim the barony, initially on behalf of his older brother Edward Tymewell Brydges and then on his own behalf. Litigation lasted from 1790 to 1803 before the claims were rejected, but Egerton Brydges continued to style himself ''per legem terrae Baron Chandos of Sudeley''. It seems likely that not only was the claim groundless but that the evidence was forged.

List of title holders

Barons Chandos, first creation (1337)

The title is spelt 'Chaundos' in the Complete Peerage. *Roger de Chandos, 1st Baron Chandos (d. 1353) was probably 1st Lord Chandos. *Thomas Chandos, 2nd Baron Chandos (c. 1333–1375) (claimant) *John Chandos, 3rd Baron Chandos (c. 1349–1428) (claimant) (peerage abeyant 1428) * Giles Brugge, 4th Baron Chandos (1396–1467) (abeyance terminated 1458, on the death of his cousin) *

''de jure'' (1427–30 January 1493) *

(c. 1462–1 December 1511) Most sources read that the title became extinct upon the death of the 1st Lord, although others, such as the Complete Peerage, include the further holders listed above. The presumed 2nd Lord Chandos was

High Sheriff of Herefordshire This is a list of Sheriffs and, since 1998, High Sheriffs of Herefordshire The position of Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. Formerly the Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in each county, but over the centurie ...

for 1359, 1370 and 1372 and the presumed 3rd Lord Chandos served the same office for 1382.

Barons Chandos, second creation (1554)

John Brydges, 1st Baron Chandos John Brydges, 1st Baron Chandos (9 March 1492 – 12 April 1557) was an English courtier, Member of Parliament and later peer. His last name is also sometimes spelt Brugge or Bruges. He was a prominent figure at the English court during the r ...

(1492–1557) is sometimes listed as ''de jure'' 7th Lord Chandos of the 1337 creation Son of 6th Baron of the preceding creation. *

Edmund Brydges, 2nd Baron Chandos Edmund Brydges, 2nd Baron Chandos (before 1522 – 11 March 1573) was an English peer and politician. He was a Knight of the Garter, Baron Chandos, Lord Lieutenant of Gloucestershire and Vice-Admiral of Gloucestershire. Life He was the e ...

(bef. 1522–1573) eldest son of the 1st Baron *

Giles Brydges, 3rd Baron Chandos Giles Brydges, 3rd Baron Chandos of Sudeley (c. 1548 – 21 February 1594) was an English courtier in the reign of Elizabeth I. Life He was born at Sudeley Manor, Gloucestershire, the son of Edmund Brydges, 2nd Baron Chandos and his wife Hon. ...

(1548–1594), elder son of the 2nd Baron, died without male issue *

William Brydges, 4th Baron Chandos William Brydges, 4th Baron Chandos (ca. 1552 – 1602) was an English peer and politician. He was the younger son and heir of Edmund Brydges, 2nd Baron Chandos and Dorothy, the youngest daughter and child of Sir Edmund Braye, 1st Baron B ...

(c. 1552–1602), younger son of the 2nd Baron *

Grey Brydges, 5th Baron Chandos Grey Brydges, 5th Baron Chandos (10 August 1621) of Sudeley Castle in Gloucestershire, was an English nobleman and courtier. Early life He was the only son of William Brydges, 4th Baron Chandos, who died on 18 November 1602, and Mary Hopton, w ...

(c. 1581–1621), only son of the 4th Baron *

George Brydges, 6th Baron Chandos George Brydges, 6th Baron Chandos (1620–1654), was the son of Grey Brydges, 5th Baron Chandos (c. 1580 – 10 August 1621) and Anne Stanley, Countess of Castlehaven, Lady Anne Stanley, a descendant of Henry VIII, King Henry VIII's sister, Pri ...

(1620–1655), elder son of the 5th Baron, died without male issue * William Brydges, 7th Baron Chandos (d. 1676), younger son of the 5th Baron, died without male issue *

James Brydges, 8th Baron Chandos James Brydges, 8th Baron Chandos (1642–1714) was an English Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire. He was the son of Sir John Brydges, 2nd Baronet and Mary Pearle. A graduate of St John's College, Oxford Brydges became 3rd Baronet, of Wilton, Here ...

(1642–1714), great-great-grandson of the 1st Baron * James Brydges, 9th Baron Chandos (1673–1744; created Earl of Carnarvon in 1714 and Duke of Chandos in 1719)

Dukes of Chandos (1719)

James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos, (6 January 16739 August 1744) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons from 1698 until 1714, when he succeeded to the peerage as Baron Chandos, and vacated ...

(1673–1744), eldest son of the 8th Baron **

John Brydges, Marquess of Carnarvon John Brydges, Marquess of Carnarvon (15 January 1703 – 7 April 1727), styled Viscount Wilton from 1714 to 1719, was an English Member of the British Parliament, heir apparent to the Duke of Chandos. John was the fourth, but eldest surviving son ...

(1703–1727), elder son of the 1st Duke, died without male issue *

Henry Brydges, 2nd Duke of Chandos Henry Brydges, 2nd Duke of Chandos, KB (17 January 1708 – 28 November 1771), known from 1727 to 1744 by the courtesy title Marquess of Carnarvon, was the second son of the 1st Duke of Chandos and his first wife Mary Lake. He was the Member ...

(1708–1771), younger son of the 1st Duke *

James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos PC (27 December 1731 – 29 September 1789), styled Viscount Wilton from birth until 1744 and Marquess of Carnarvon from 1744 to 1771, was a British peer and politician. Background Chandos was the onl ...

(1731–1789), only son of the 2nd Duke, died without male issue. His titles, other than the Lordship of Kinloss, became extinct.Complete Peerage, 2nd edition, Vol 3, P 133
/ref> :''The 3rd Duke's son-in-law, the 2nd Marquess of Buckingham, was created

Duke of Buckingham and Chandos Viscount Cobham is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain that was created in 1718. Owing to its special remainder, the title has passed through several families. Since 1889, it has been held by members of the Lyttelton family. The barony a ...

in 1822.''

References

* *''

The Gentleman's Magazine ''The Gentleman's Magazine'' was a monthly magazine founded in London, England, by Edward Cave in January 1731. It ran uninterrupted for almost 200 years, until 1922. It was the first to use the term ''magazine'' (from the French ''magazine'' ...

'' 162 (1837) pp. 534–535.
www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk

External links

Cannons entry from The DiCamillo Companion to British & Irish Country Houses
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandos Extinct dukedoms in the Peerage of Great Britain 1337 establishments in England Noble titles created in 1719 Brydges/Brugge family