Count of Guise and Duke of Guise (pronounced
ˇÉĄiz were titles in the
French nobility
The French nobility (french: la noblesse française) was a privileged social class in France from the Middle Ages until its abolition on June 23, 1790 during the French Revolution.
From 1808 to 1815 during the First Empire the Emperor Napol ...
.
Originally a
seigneurie In English law, seignory or seigniory, spelled ''signiory'' in Early Modern English (; french: seigneur, lit=lord; la, senior, lit=elder), is the lordship (authority) remaining to a grantor after the grant of an estate in fee simple.
''Nulle terre ...
, in 1417
Guise
Guise (; nl, Wieze) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. The city was the birthplace of the noble family of Guise, Dukes of Guise, who later became Princes of Joinville.
Population
Sights
The rema ...
was erected into a
county
A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposes Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...
for
René, a younger son of
Louis II of Anjou.
While disputed by the
House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg ( lb, D'LĂ«tzebuerger Haus; french: Maison de Luxembourg; german: Haus Luxemburg) or Luxembourg dynasty was a royal family of the Holy Roman Empire in the Late Middle Ages, whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as ki ...
(1425–1444), the county was ultimately retained by the
House of Anjou and its descendants, passing in 1520 to the
cadet branch
In history and heraldry, a cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch's or patriarch's younger sons ( cadets). In the ruling dynasties and noble families of much of Europe and Asia, the family's major assets—realm, ti ...
of the ducal
House of Lorraine that became known as the
House of Guise
The House of Guise (pronunciation: ˇÉĄiz Dutch: ''Wieze, German: Wiese'') was a prominent French noble family, that was involved heavily in the French Wars of Religion. The House of Guise was the founding house of the Principality of Joinv ...
, headed by
Claude of Lorraine. In 1528, the county was elevated to a dukedom and
peerage of France
The Peerage of France (french: Pairie de France) was a hereditary distinction within the French nobility which appeared in 1180 in the Middle Ages.
The prestigious title and position of Peer of France (french: Pair de France, links=no) was ...
for him. The Dukes of Guise and their sons played a prominent role in the
French Wars of Religion
The French Wars of Religion is the term which is used in reference to a period of civil war between French Catholics and Protestants, commonly called Huguenots, which lasted from 1562 to 1598. According to estimates, between two and four mil ...
, during which they were the leaders of the ultra-Catholic faction.
This dukedom became extinct in 1688, and the lands attached to it passed to the
Princess Palatine Anne, a great-granddaughter of
Charles of Lorraine-Guise, Duke of Mayenne – although she was not the heiress in strict primogeniture, that being the
Duke of Mantua
During its history as independent entity, Mantua had different rulers who governed on the city and the lands of Mantua from the Middle Ages to the early modern period.
From 970 to 1115, the Counts of Mantua were members of the House of Canos ...
. The dukedom was recreated for Anne and her husband,
Henri Jules de Bourbon, Prince of Condé in 1704.
On the extinction of the
Bourbon Bourbon may refer to:
Food and drink
* Bourbon whiskey, an American whiskey made using a corn-based mash
* Bourbon barrel aged beer, a type of beer aged in bourbon barrels
* Bourbon biscuit, a chocolate sandwich biscuit
* A beer produced by ...
-
Condé family in 1830, the Guise dukedom was inherited by the
House of Orléans
The 4th House of Orléans (french: Maison d'Orléans), sometimes called the House of Bourbon-Orléans (french: link=no, Maison de Bourbon-Orléans) to distinguish it, is the fourth holder of a surname previously used by several branches of the R ...
, descendants of Anne's granddaughter
Louise Henriette de Bourbon
Louise Henriette de Bourbon (20 June 1726 – 9 February 1759), ''Mademoiselle de Conti'' at birth, was a French princess, who, by marriage, became Duchess of Chartres (1743–1752), then Duchess of Orléans (1752–1759) upon the death of her fa ...
, Duchess of Orleans.
Louis Philippe of Orléans having become King of the French in 1830, henceforth the title ''Duke of Guise'' was used as a courtesy title for members of this family after it was
deposed and went into exile in 1848, firstly for three sons of
Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. T ...
, and then for Prince Jean, son of
Robert d'Orléans, Duke of Chartres. In 1926,
Jean, Duke of Guise became the
Orléanist
Orléanist (french: Orléaniste) was a 19th-century French political label originally used by those who supported a constitutional monarchy expressed by the House of Orléans. Due to the radical political changes that occurred during that cent ...
claimant to the throne of France as "Jean III".
Counts of Guise (1417–1481 and 1491–1528)
House of Anjou
*
René I of Naples
René (''born again'' or ''reborn'' in French) is a common first name in French-speaking, Spanish-speaking, and German-speaking countries. It derives from the Latin name Renatus.
René is the masculine form of the name (Renée being the feminine ...
(RenĂ©) (1417–1425)
House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg ( lb, D'LĂ«tzebuerger Haus; french: Maison de Luxembourg; german: Haus Luxemburg) or Luxembourg dynasty was a royal family of the Holy Roman Empire in the Late Middle Ages, whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as ki ...
The House of Luxembourg had disputed the countship of Guise, and with the approval of
John, Duke of Bedford
John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 138914 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. Bedford was the third son of ...
, English Regent of France, seized the county in 1425.
*
John, Count of Ligny
John II of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny (1392 – 5 January 1441) was a French nobleman and soldier, a younger son of John of Luxembourg, Lord of Beauvoir, and Marguerite of Enghien. His older brother Peter received his mother's fiefs, includ ...
(John I) (1425–1441)
*
Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol
Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, of Brienne, de Ligny, and Conversano (1418 – 19 December 1475) belonged to the Ligny branch of the House of Luxemburg and was Constable of France.
Life
Saint-Pol was the eldest son of Peter of Luxembou ...
(Louis I) (1441–1444)
House of Anjou
The marriage of
Charles of Le Maine
Charles du Maine (1414–1472) was a French prince of blood and an advisor to Charles VII of France, his brother-in-law, during the Hundred Years' War. He was the third son of Louis II, Duke of Anjou and King of Naples, and Yolande of Aragon.
...
, younger brother of René, to Isabelle of Luxembourg, sister of Louis, allowed him to peacefully recover Guise.
*
Charles of Le Maine
Charles du Maine (1414–1472) was a French prince of blood and an advisor to Charles VII of France, his brother-in-law, during the Hundred Years' War. He was the third son of Louis II, Duke of Anjou and King of Naples, and Yolande of Aragon.
...
(Charles I) (1444–1472)
*
Charles IV, Duke of Anjou (Charles II) (1472–1481)
House of Armagnac – House of Rohan
Charles IV left his lands to the Crown, but Guise was granted to his nephew Louis in 1491.
*
Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours (Louis II) (1491–1503)
*Marguerite d'Armagnac, duchesse de Nemours (Marguerite) (d. 1503)
**held by her husband ''Pierre de Rohan-GiĂ©'' (Peter) (1503–1504)
*Charlotte d'Armagnac, duchesse de Nemours (Charlotte) (d. 1504)
**held by her husband ''Charles de Rohan-GiĂ©'' (Charles III) (1504–1520)
House of Lorraine
In 1520, the
Parlement of Paris awarded the countship of Guise to
Claude of Lorraine, second son of
René II of Lorraine (the grandson of
René I of Naples
René (''born again'' or ''reborn'' in French) is a common first name in French-speaking, Spanish-speaking, and German-speaking countries. It derives from the Latin name Renatus.
René is the masculine form of the name (Renée being the feminine ...
) and heir to his French possessions. The countship was elevated to a dukedom in 1528.
*
Claude de Lorraine
Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Guise (20 October 1496 – 12 April 1550) was a French aristocrat and general. He became the first Duke of Guise in 1528.
He was a highly effective general for the French crown. His children and grandchildren were t ...
(Claude) (1520–1528)
Dukes of Guise (1528–1688 and 1704–1830)
House of Guise
The House of Guise (pronunciation: ˇÉĄiz Dutch: ''Wieze, German: Wiese'') was a prominent French noble family, that was involved heavily in the French Wars of Religion. The House of Guise was the founding house of the Principality of Joinv ...
*
Claude, Duke of Guise (1496–1550; s.1528) (Claude) (Father of
Mary of Guise
Mary of Guise (french: Marie de Guise; 22 November 1515 – 11 June 1560), also called Mary of Lorraine, was a French noblewoman of the House of Guise, a cadet branch of the House of Lorraine and one of the most powerful families in France. She ...
mother of
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567.
The only surviving legitimate child of James V of S ...
)
*
Francis
Francis may refer to:
People
*Pope Francis, the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State and Bishop of Rome
* Francis (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters
* Francis (surname)
Places
*Rural ...
(1519–1563; s. 1550), son of the above;
*
Henry I (1550–1588; s. 1563), son of the above;
*
Charles
Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*karilaz'' (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was ...
(1571–1640; s. 1588), son of the above;
*
Henry II (1614–1664; s. 1640), son of the above;
*
Louis Joseph (1650–1671; s. 1664), nephew of the above;
*
Francis Joseph (1670–1675 s. 1671), son of the above;
*
Marie (1615–1688; s.1675), sister of Henry II.
Marie did not marry and had no descendants. She willed Guise to a relative, Charles François de Stainville on 8 January 1688. This was undone by the
Parlement of Paris at the request of other claimants to the estate, among whom was the wife of France's ''
premier prince du sang''
Anne Henriette of Bavaria,
Princess of Condé, a great-granddaughter of
Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne
Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne (26 March 1554 – 3 October 1611), or Charles de Guise, was a French nobleman of the house of Guise and a military leader of the Catholic League, which he headed during the French Wars of Religion, followi ...
through
her mother. In this way the lands of the House of Guise—and later the ducal title—came to the
House of Bourbon-Condé.
House of Bourbon-Condé
*
Anne Henriette of Bavaria (1648–1723), 3rd cousin of
Louis Joseph;
*
Henry III (1643–1709), husband of the above;
*
Louis II (Louis II) (1668–1710), son of the above;
*
Louis III Henry (1692–1740), son of the above;
*
Louis IV Joseph (1736–1818), son of the above;
*
Louis V Henry (1756–1830), son of the above.
Afterwards, the title was extinguished and no longer bestowed. It returned to the
royal domain. Louis Henri though left his estate to his godson,
Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale
Henri is an Estonian, Finnish, French, German and Luxembourgish form of the masculine given name Henry.
People with this given name
; French noblemen
:'' See the ' List of rulers named Henry' for Kings of France named Henri.''
* Henri I de Mo ...
. He was bestowed with the personal title of Duke of Guise by
Louis-Philippe, King of the French, his grandfather, in 1847.
House of Bourbon-Orléans
From here on the title became a courtesy title used by the
House of Orléans
The 4th House of Orléans (french: Maison d'Orléans), sometimes called the House of Bourbon-Orléans (french: link=no, Maison de Bourbon-Orléans) to distinguish it, is the fourth holder of a surname previously used by several branches of the R ...
.
*Henri d'Orléans (1847–1847) son of
Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale
Henri is an Estonian, Finnish, French, German and Luxembourgish form of the masculine given name Henry.
People with this given name
; French noblemen
:'' See the ' List of rulers named Henry' for Kings of France named Henri.''
* Henri I de Mo ...
*François Paul d'Orléans (1852–1852) brother of Henri
*François Louis d'Orléans (1854–1872) brother of Henri and François Paul
*
Jean d'Orléans (1874–1940) grandson of
Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans
See also
*
House of Guise
The House of Guise (pronunciation: ˇÉĄiz Dutch: ''Wieze, German: Wiese'') was a prominent French noble family, that was involved heavily in the French Wars of Religion. The House of Guise was the founding house of the Principality of Joinv ...
*
Countesses and Duchesses of Guise
{{DEFAULTSORT:Counts And Dukes of Guise
Guise
Guise (; nl, Wieze) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. The city was the birthplace of the noble family of Guise, Dukes of Guise, who later became Princes of Joinville.
Population
Sights
The rema ...
Guise
Guise (; nl, Wieze) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. The city was the birthplace of the noble family of Guise, Dukes of Guise, who later became Princes of Joinville.
Population
Sights
The rema ...
Guise
Guise (; nl, Wieze) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. The city was the birthplace of the noble family of Guise, Dukes of Guise, who later became Princes of Joinville.
Population
Sights
The rema ...