Duke of Camerino is a title of nobility, originally in Papal peerage. It was created on 1503 by Apostolic authority of Pope

Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI ( it, Alessandro VI, va, Alexandre VI, es, Alejandro VI; born Rodrigo de Borja; ca-valencia, Roderic Llançol i de Borja ; es, Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja, lang ; 1431 – 18 August 1503) was head of the Catholic Churc ...

and cardinal council over the ancient Marquissate of Camerino, which was part of the Dukedom of Spoleto.

History

Camerino was a Welf Marquissate, under Varano family, its rulers participated in all conflicts between Ghibellines and

Welfs The House of Welf (also Guelf or Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th to 20th century and Emperor Ivan VI of Russia in the 18th century. The originally Franconian family from the Meuse ...

. Meanwhile,

Cesar Borgia Cesare Borgia (; ca-valencia, Cèsar Borja ; es, link=no, César Borja ; 13 September 1475 – 12 March 1507) was an Italian ex- cardinal and '' condottiero'' (mercenary leader) of Aragonese (Spanish) origin, whose fight for power was a major ...

was in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

making his final plans for his intervention in

Tuscany Tuscany ( ; it, Toscana ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence (''Firenze''). Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, art ...

, in Camerino the Lord of

Faenza Faenza (, , ; rgn, Fènza or ; la, Faventia) is an Italian city and comune of 59,063 inhabitants in the province of Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, situated southeast of Bologna. Faenza is home to a historical manufacture of majolica-ware glazed eart ...

Manfredo Astorre, fidelity at Papal authority is found floating in the

Tiber The Tiber ( ; it, Tevere ; la, Tiberis) is the third-longest river in Italy and the longest in Central Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, where it is joined by the Riv ...

, he had been strangled. On 5 June

Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI ( it, Alessandro VI, va, Alexandre VI, es, Alejandro VI; born Rodrigo de Borja; ca-valencia, Roderic Llançol i de Borja ; es, Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja, lang ; 1431 – 18 August 1503) was head of the Catholic Churc ...

, excommunicated Giulio Cesare Varano, ruler of Camerino, accusing him of giving help to enemies of holy church. On 23 June Cesar Borgia left

with an army of 8000 troops. On 20 July Cesar Borgia carrying the Apostolic authority, took Camerino and Giulio Cesare Varano prisoner. On 25 July and after Alexander VI and cardinal council received notice of Camerino's capture, Cesar Borgia is invested by Apostolic authority and by cardinal council as Duke of Camerino, being first time in history the denomination is used over the Camerino city and region of

Camerino Camerino is a town in the province of Macerata, Marche, central-eastern Italy. It is located in the Apennines bordering Umbria, between the valleys of the rivers Potenza and Chienti, about from Ancona. Camerino is home to the University of Cam ...

Background

left then Dukedom of Camerino to his brother Giovanni Borgia, was named later Duke of Nepi and Duke of Pallestrina by Apostolic authority. Giovanni Borgia carried many other titles and he did after death of

a career as ambassador. He died on November, 1555 in Genoa being ambassador of

Pope Paul III Pope Paul III ( la, Paulus III; it, Paolo III; 29 February 1468 – 10 November 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 October 1534 to his death in November 1549. He came to ...

. The Dukedom of Camerino right remained in hands of Giovanni Borgia until his death when it passed to another branch of the Borgia family in reason of patrimony formed by him under the Sicilian and Spanish crowns because he had three daughters and no sons. On 1503 Pope return Camerino to Juan Maria Varano in quality of Lord under Papal dukedom domine. On 1521 Juan, Lord of Camerino was deposed by his brother Segismund and he was reposed again in 1522. On 1534 Camerino is integrated to Dukedom of Spoleto but the ruler and Lady of Camerino was deposed by Pope on 1535, date in which is returned in quality of Marquissate to Ercole Varano for return to the Pope again in 1540 who gave Camerino to Octavio Farnesio,

Duke of Parma The Duke of Parma and Piacenza () was the ruler of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, a historical state of Northern Italy, which existed between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1859. The Duke of Parma was also Duke of Piacenza, except ...

was a policy piece in hands of Popes whose used it in pursuit policy alliances until 1555; in which the region remained definitely joined to Papal states until 1860, year which Camerino passed to new

Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...

. The title of Duke of Camerino remained then in hands of Borgia family; nevertheless, it was used by the popes without permission of Giovanni Borgia and his descendants. Giovanni Borgia received rents of Camerino until his death, the dukedom right passed to a branch of the

House of Borgia The House of Borgia ( , ; Spanish and an, Borja ; ca-valencia, Borja ) was an Italian-Aragonese Spanish noble family, which rose to prominence during the Italian Renaissance. They were from Valencia, the surname being a toponymic from the town ...

Dukes of Camerino

* Cesar Borgia,L. William, George
''Papal Genealogy, The Families of Renaissance Popes''
p. 217. McFarland and Company Inc, Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina, and London. , 1998, 2004.L. William, George
''Papal Genealogy, The Families of Renaissance Popes''
p. 61. McFarland and Company Inc, Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina, and London. , 1998, 2004 (Borgia) Prince of Andria, Prince of Venafro,

Duke of Valentinois Duke of Valentinois (french: Duc de Valentinois; it, Duca Valentino) is a title of nobility, originally in the French peerage. It is currently one of the many hereditary titles claimed by the Prince of Monaco despite its extinction in French law ...

Duke of Romagna Duke of Romagna is a title of nobility, originally in the Papal peerage. It was created in 1501 by the Apostolic authority of Pope Alexander VI and the cardinal councilOlivier, ManuelD. Rodrigo de Borja (Alejandro VI). Sus hijos y descendientes, ...

created by apostolic authority and cardinals council, Duke of Urbino, Count of Dyois, ''Duke of Camerino'' by apostolic authority and cardinal council and Lord of Imola, Forlì, Sassoferrato, Fermo, Fano, Cesena, Pesaro, Rimini, Faenza, Montefiore, Sant'Arcangelo, Verucchio, Catezza, Savignano, Meldola, Porto Cesenatico, Tossignano, Salaruolo, Monte Battaglia, Forlimpopoli, Bertinoro.Olivier, Manuel
D. Rodrigo de Borja (Alejandro VI). Sus hijos y descendientes, Second tree
Cervantine Library. http://www.cervantesvirtual.com * Giovanni Borgia, Prince of Rome, Duke of Nepi, Duke of Camerino. *

. Title of Duke of Camerino is part of "Mayorazgo" instituted by

(Rodrigo Borgia). Rulers under Papal domine * Juan Maria Varano * Segismund Varano * Juan María Varano *

Duke of Spoleto The Duke of Spoleto was the ruler of Spoleto and most of central Italy outside the Papal States during the Early and High Middle Ages (c. 500 – 1300). The first dukes were appointed by the Lombard king, but they were independent in practice. Th ...

* Octavio Farnesio,

* Ercole Varano Papal rulers * From 1555 (Pope

Paul III Pope Paul III ( la, Paulus III; it, Paolo III; 29 February 1468 – 10 November 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 October 1534 to his death in November 1549. He came to ...

) * Until 1860 (Pope

Pius IX Pope Pius IX ( it, Pio IX, ''Pio Nono''; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878, the longest verified papal reign. He was notable for convoking the First Vatican ...

) Kingdom of Italy * Camerino was part of the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; it, Stato Pontificio, ), officially the State of the Church ( it, Stato della Chiesa, ; la, Status Ecclesiasticus;), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope fro ...

until

formally handed the

, where it remained as a province until the creation of the

Republic of Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the Italy (geographical region) ...

, which is part within the

Province of Macerata The province of Macerata ( it, provincia di Macerata) is a province in the Marche region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Macerata. The province includes 55 comunes (Italian: ''comuni'') in the province, see Comunes of the Province of Macera ...

Marche Marche ( , ) is one of the twenty regions of Italy. In English, the region is sometimes referred to as The Marches ( ). The region is located in the central area of the country, bordered by Emilia-Romagna and the republic of San Marino to the ...

region. According to the laws of the Italian Republic, the titles of nobility of Italy ceased to exist with the fall of the monarchical regime.

Citations

General sources

* John W. Barker and Christopher Kleinhenz. "Camerino, Duchy of", ''Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia'', ed. Christopher Kleinhenz (London and New York: Routledge, 2004), p. 173. * John E. Law. "The Ending of the Duchy of Camerino", ''Italy and the European Powers: The Impact of War, 1500–1530'', ed. Christine Shaw (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2006), pp. 77–90. * John E. Law. "The Da Varano Lords of Camerino as Condottiere Princes", ''Mercenaries and Paid Men'', ed. John France (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2008), pp. 89–104. {{DEFAULTSORT:Camerino, Duke of Camerino History of le Marche Italian nobility Italian princes Nobles of the Holy See Princes of the Papal States Spanish nobility