The Duchy of Siewierz was a
Silesian duchy with its capital in
Siewierz
Siewierz is a town in southern Poland, in the Będzin County in the Silesian Voivodeship, seat of Gmina Siewierz.
History
Siewierz was first mentioned in 1125, and was administered by the Castellan of Bytom. In 1177, Casimir II of Poland grante ...
. The area was part of the original
Duchy of Silesia
The Duchy of Silesia ( pl, Księstwo śląskie, german: Herzogtum Schlesien, cs, Slezské knížectví) with its capital at Wrocław was a medieval duchy located in the historic Silesian region of Poland. Soon after it was formed under the Piast ...
established after the death of Duke
Bolesław III Wrymouth
Bolesław III Wrymouth ( pl, Bolesław III Krzywousty; 20 August 1086 – 28 October 1138), also known as Boleslaus the Wry-mouthed, was the duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102 and 1107 and over the whole of Poland between ...
in 1138 during the times of the
fragmentation of Poland
The period of rule by the Piast dynasty between the 10th and 14th centuries is the first major stage of the history of the Polish state. The dynasty was founded by a series of dukes listed by the chronicler Gall Anonymous in the early 12th cen ...
.
![Poland Siewierz - castle](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Poland_Siewierz_-_castle.jpg)
Siewierz in
Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia ( pl, Górny Śląsk; szl, Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; cs, Horní Slezsko; german: Oberschlesien; Silesian German: ; la, Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, locate ...
was ruled by the
Silesian Piasts
The Silesian Piasts were the elder of four lines of the Polish Piast dynasty beginning with Władysław II the Exile (1105–1159), eldest son of Duke Bolesław III of Poland. By Bolesław's testament, Władysław was granted Silesia as his h ...
as part of the
Duchy of Bytom
The Duchy of Bytom ( pl, Księstwo Bytomskie) or Duchy of Beuthen (german: Herzogtum Beuthen) was one of many Silesian duchies. It was established in Upper Silesia about 1281 during the division of the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz among the sons o ...
under Duke
Casimir
Casimir is classically an English, French and Latin form of the Polish name Kazimierz. Feminine forms are Casimira and Kazimiera. It means "proclaimer (from ''kazać'' to preach) of peace (''mir'')."
List of variations
*Belarusian: Казі ...
. In 1312 he granted the town to his youngest son
Mieszko
Mieszko is a Slavic given name of uncertain origin.
Onomastics
There are three major theories concerning the origin and meaning of the name of Duke Mieszko I of Poland. The most popular theory, proposed by Jan Długosz, explains that Mieszko is ...
, who renounced it in favour of his brother
Władysław. In 1337 it was acquired by
Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn
Casimir I of Cieszyn ( pl, Kazimierz I cieszyński, cs, Kazimír I. Těšínský, german: Kasimir I. von Teschen; 1280/90 – ), was Duke of Cieszyn from 1315, Duke of Siewierz from 1337 and Duke of Bytom from 1357.
He was the second son of Mies ...
, whose scion
Wenceslaus I sold it to the
Archbishop of Kraków
The Archbishop of Kraków is the head of the archdiocese of Kraków. A bishop of Kraków first came into existence when the diocese was created in 1000; it was promoted to an archdiocese on 28 October 1925. Due to Kraków's role as Poland's politic ...
in 1443.
Zygmunt Gloger
Zygmunt Gloger (3 November 1845 in Tybory-Kamianka – 16 August 1910 in Warsaw) was a Polish historian, archaeologist, geographer and ethnographer, bearer of the Wilczekosy coat of arms. Gloger founded the precursor of modern and widely popu ...
in his book "Historical geography of lands of ancient Poland" ("Geografia historyczna ziem dawnej Polski"), published in 1900, writes that the Duchy of Siewierz belonged to
Lesser Poland
Lesser Poland, often known by its Polish name Małopolska ( la, Polonia Minor), is a historical region situated in southern and south-eastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Kraków. Throughout centuries, Lesser Poland developed a ...
, after it was bought by the Archbishops of Kraków.
Since 1443, after its acquisition by Archbishop
Zbigniew Cardinal Oleśnicki for 6,000 silver
groats
Groats (or in some cases, "berries") are the hulled kernels of various cereal grains, such as oat, wheat, rye, and barley. Groats are whole grains that include the cereal germ and fiber-rich bran portion of the grain, as well as the endospe ...
,
it was, alongside the
Duchy of Nysa, the only
ecclesiastical duchy in the region (ruled by a bishop of the Catholic Church). On many levels this tiny principality was almost a 'country within a country': it had its own laws, treasury and army.
The union of the duchy with
Lesser Poland
Lesser Poland, often known by its Polish name Małopolska ( la, Polonia Minor), is a historical region situated in southern and south-eastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Kraków. Throughout centuries, Lesser Poland developed a ...
was concluded when in 1790 the
Great Sejm
The Great Sejm, also known as the Four-Year Sejm ( Polish: ''Sejm Wielki'' or ''Sejm Czteroletni''; Lithuanian: ''Didysis seimas'' or ''Ketverių metų seimas'') was a Sejm (parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that was held in War ...
formally incorporated the Duchy as a
Land of the Polish Crown into the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi- confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ru ...
. In the course of the
Third Partition of Poland
The Third Partition of Poland (1795) was the last in a series of the Partitions of Poland–Lithuania and the land of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth among Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy, and the Russian Empire which effectively ended Polis ...
in 1795, the duchy and its adjacent regions were annexed by
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...
and incorporated into the new province of
New Silesia
New Silesia (german: Neuschlesien or ''Neu-Schlesien'') was a small province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1795 to 1807, created after the Third Partition of Poland. It was located northwest of Kraków and southeast of Częstochowa, in the lands ...
. In 1800 the Kraków bishops moved their residence away from Siewierz.
![Siewierz](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Siewierz.JPG)
Temporarily recreated in 1807 by
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
as a gift for his ally
Jean Lannes
Jean Lannes, 1st Duke of Montebello, Prince of Siewierz (10 April 1769 – 31 May 1809), was a French military commander and a Marshal of the Empire who served during both the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He was one of Napoleon's ...
within the
Duchy of Warsaw
The Duchy of Warsaw ( pl, Księstwo Warszawskie, french: Duché de Varsovie, german: Herzogtum Warschau), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during ...
, after the 1815
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna (, ) of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon B ...
the lands became part of
Congress Poland under
Imperial Russian
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The ...
rule. In 1918, Siewierz became part of the
Second Polish Republic, from 1939 to 1945 it was occupied by
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
. The bishops of Kraków continued to use the title of a ''Prince of Siewierz'' until the death of
Adam Stefan Sapieha
Prince Adam Stefan Stanisław Bonifacy Józef Cardinal Sapieha (; 14 May 1867 – 23 July 1951) was a senior-ranking Polish prelate of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Kraków from 1911 to 1951. Between 1922 and 1923, he was a se ...
in 1951. The
Dukes of Montebello claim the title ''prince de Sievers'', due to their descent from Marshall Lannes, but without recognition from the French or Polish States.
Dukes
*
Mieszko bytomski 1312-1328
*
Władysław bytomski 1328-1337
*
Kazimierz I cieszyński 1337-1358
*
Bolko II Mały 1359-1368
*
Przemysław I Noszak 1368-1410
* ''?'' 1410-1423
*
Zbigniew Oleśnicki 1423-1455
*
Tomasz Strzępiński 1455-1460
*
Jakub z Sienna 1461-1463
*
Jan Gruszczyński
Jan Gruszczyński was a medieval Bishop of Kraków, Kujawski, Archbishop of Gniezno, Chancellor of the Crown, and active diplomat.
Early life
He was born at Sieradz, Central Poland in 1405 AD into the Poraj Polish noble family. He was the s ...
1463-1464
*
Jan Lutek
Jan, JaN or JAN may refer to:
Acronyms
* Jackson, Mississippi (Amtrak station), US, Amtrak station code JAN
* Jackson-Evers International Airport, Mississippi, US, IATA code
* Jabhat al-Nusra (JaN), a Syrian militant group
* Japanese Article Numb ...
1464-1471
*
Jan Rzeszowski 1471-1488
*
Fryderyk Jagiellończyk
Frederick Jagiellon ( pl, Fryderyk Jagiellończyk; 27 April 1468 – 14 March 1503) was a Polish prince, Archbishop of Gniezno, Bishop of Kraków, and Primate of Poland. He was the sixth son and ninth child of Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Polan ...
1488-1503
*
Jan Konarski 1503-1524
*
Piotr Tomicki
Piotr Tomicki (1464 – 19 October 1535) was a Roman Catholic Bishop of Przemyśl and Poznań, Archbishop of Kraków, Vice-Chancellor of the Crown, and Royal Secretary. Celebrated as one of the most important representatives of the Polish Renais ...
1524-1535
*
Jan Latalski 1536-1537
*
Jan Chojeński
John Chojeński (1486–1538) was a sixteenth-century Polish bureaucrat and church leader. and beatified person.
He was born into the Abdank noble family on 17 March 1486 in the town of Golejówku near Sieradza in Małopolska and earned a do ...
1537-1538
*
Piotr Gamrat
Piotr Gamrat of Sulima arms (1487 – 27 August 1545) was Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland.Nitecki, Piotr (2000) ''Biskupi Kościoła w Polsce w latach 965–1999: słownik biograficzny'' (''The Bishops of the Church in Poland in the ...
1538-1545
*
Samuel Maciejowski Samuel Maciejowski (15 January 1499 – 26 October 1550) was a 16th-century Roman Catholic Bishop of Chełm, Płock and Kraków, in Poland.
Early life
He was born 15 January 1499 and ordained a priest in 1530.
He began his career in 1518 as a no ...
1546-1550
*
Andrzej Zebrzydowski
Andrzej Zebrzydowski, (1496 in Więcbork – 23 May 1560 in Września), Radwan coat of arms, was a Polish Roman Catholic bishop of Kamieniec Podolski (from 1543), Chełm (from 1545), Włocławek (from 1546) and Kraków (from 25 February 1551); ch ...
1551-1560
*
Filip Padniewski 1560-1572
*
Franciszek Krasiński Franciszek () is a masculine given name of Polish origin (female form Franciszka). It is a cognate of Francis, Francisco, François, and Franz. People with the name include:
* Edward Pfeiffer (Franciszek Edward Pfeiffer) (1895–1964), Polish ge ...
1572-1577
*
Piotr Myszkowski Piotr Myszkowski can refer to:
* Piotr Myszkowski (bishop)
Piotr Myszkowski (c. 1510 – 1591) was a 16th-century Roman Catholic Bishop of Plock and Kraków, in Poland.
Early life
Piotr Myszkowski was born about 1510 at Przeciszów into the Ja ...
1577-1591
*
Jerzy Radziwiłł
Jerzy Radziwiłł ( lt, Jurgis Radvila; 1480 – April 1541), nicknamed "Herkules", was a Szlachta, Polish–Lithuanian nobleman.
He was Podczaszy, Deputy Cup-Bearer of Lithuania from 1510, voivode of Kiev Voivodeship from 1510, Field Hetma ...
1591-1600
See also
*
Dukes of Silesia The Duke of Silesia was the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into four or five hereditary provinces distributed amo ...
*
History of Siewierz
*
Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
The Prince-Bishopric of Warmia ( pl, Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie; german: Fürstbistum Ermland) was a semi-independent ecclesiastical state, ruled by the incumbent ordinary of the Warmia see and comprising one third of the then diocesan area ...
References
*
about Siewierzin Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego
{{DEFAULTSORT:Siewierz, Duchy
Duchies of Silesia
History of Lesser Poland
1312 establishments in Europe
14th-century establishments in Poland
1795 disestablishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Fiefdoms of Poland
Former duchies