The Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum is a
mausoleum
A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's remains is called a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be consid ...
for
Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Kent, the mother of
Queen Victoria
Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 21 ...
. It is situated in
Frogmore Gardens
Frogmore is an estate within the Home Park, adjoining Windsor Castle, in Berkshire, England. It comprises , of primarily private gardens managed by the Crown Estate. It is the location of Frogmore House, a royal retreat, and Frogmore Cottage. T ...
in the
Home Park, Windsor. It was
listed Grade I
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
on the
National Heritage List for England
The National Heritage List for England (NHLE) is England's official database of protected heritage assets. It includes details of all English listed buildings, scheduled monuments, register of historic parks and gardens, protected shipwrecks, an ...
in October 1975.
The bridge leading to the island from the mausoleum is listed Grade II.
The Duchess spent the last years of her life at
Frogmore House
Frogmore House is a 17th-century English country house owned by the Crown Estate. It is a historic Grade I listed building. The house is located on the Frogmore estate, which is situated within the grounds of the Home Park in Windsor, Berkshi ...
and the top part of the structure was originally intended as a summer house, with the lower level of the structure to be the site of her interment.
The Duchess had originally expressed a desire to be buried in the mausoleum of her brother,
Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Ernest I (german: Ernst Anton Karl Ludwig; 2 January 178429 January 1844) was the last sovereign duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III) and, from 1826, the first sovereign duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Ernest I). He was the father of ...
, in the now Bavarian town of Coburg.
The Duchess died at Frogmore House on 16 March 1861 before the summer-house was completed so the upper chamber became part of the mausoleum and now contains a statue of the Duchess by
William Theed
William Theed, also known as William Theed the younger (1804 – 9 September 1891), was a British sculptor, the son of the sculptor and painter William Theed the elder (1764–1817). Although versatile and eclectic in his works, he specialised ...
completed in 1864. It was completed in July 1861 following the Duchess's death in March.
The Duchess's body lay at
St George's Chapel in Windsor before being interred in the mausoleum in a granite sarcophagus in August 1861.
The mausoleum was consecrated in July 1861 by
Samuel Wilberforce
Samuel Wilberforce, FRS (7 September 1805 – 19 July 1873) was an English bishop in the Church of England, and the third son of William Wilberforce. Known as "Soapy Sam", Wilberforce was one of the greatest public speakers of his day.Natural Hi ...
, the
Bishop of Oxford
The Bishop of Oxford is the diocesan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Oxford in the Province of Canterbury; his seat is at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. The current bishop is Steven Croft, following the confirmation of his electio ...
, assisted by the Rev
Gerald Wellesley
Gerald Valerian Wellesley (1809 – 17 September 1882) was a Church of England cleric who became the Dean of Windsor. More importantly, he was domestic chaplain to Queen Victoria and played a major advisory role regarding the royal family's ...
, the
Dean of Windsor
The Dean of Windsor is the spiritual head of the canons of St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, England. The dean chairs meetings of the Chapter of Canons as ''primus inter pares''. The post of Dean of Wolverhampton was assimilated to the deane ...
, the Rev
Charles Leslie Courtenay, the
Canon of Windsor, the Rev J. St. John Blunt, Chaplain to
Albert, Prince Consort
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Franz August Karl Albert Emanuel; 26 August 1819 – 14 December 1861) was the consort of Queen Victoria from their marriage on 10 February 1840 until his death in 1861.
Albert was born in the Saxon duch ...
, and the Vicar of Old Windsor, the Rev H. J. Ellison, Chaplain at Windsor Castle and Vicar of
New Windsor, and the Rev Charles Loyd, the Vicar of Great Hampden.
Design
It was built by the architect
A. J. Humbert, based on designs by Professor Ludwig Gruner.
Humbert had come to Victoria's attention after his successful redesign of
St Mildred's Church, Whippingham
St Mildred's Church, Whippingham is the Church of England parish church of the village of Whippingham, Isle of Wight.
History
The village of Whippingham, and St Mildred's Church as its parish church, are best known for their connections wi ...
, the parish church near
Osbourne House
Osborne House is a former royal residence in East Cowes, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom. The house was built between 1845 and 1851 for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert as a summer home and rural retreat. Albert designed the house himself, in t ...
The design of the Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum was inspired by
Nicholas Hawksmoor
Nicholas Hawksmoor (probably 1661 – 25 March 1736) was an English architect. He was a leading figure of the English Baroque style of architecture in the late-seventeenth and early-eighteenth centuries. Hawksmoor worked alongside the principa ...
's Howard Mausoleum at
Castle Howard
Castle Howard is a stately home in North Yorkshire, England, within the civil parish of Henderskelfe, located north of York. It is a private residence and has been the home of the Carlisle branch of the Howard family for more than 300 years. ...
in Yorkshire and the
Donato Bramante
Donato Bramante ( , , ; 1444 – 11 April 1514), born as Donato di Pascuccio d'Antonio and also known as Bramante Lazzari, was an Italian architect and painter. He introduced Renaissance architecture to Milan and the High Renaissance style ...
's
Tempietto of San Pietro in the Roman district of Montorio.
The
Historic England
Historic England (officially the Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England) is an executive non-departmental public body of the British Government sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. It is tasked wit ...
listing describes the style of the mausoleum as "Heavy late French neo-classical.” It is made from
Portland stone
Portland stone is a limestone from the Tithonian stage of the Jurassic period quarried on the Isle of Portland, Dorset. The quarries are cut in beds of white-grey limestone separated by chert beds. It has been used extensively as a building sto ...
with a ribbed dome in copper surmounted by a balustrade. The
rotunda structure is surrounded by 16
Ionic 10ft tall columns, made from Cornish granite from
Penryn with bronze
capital
Capital may refer to:
Common uses
* Capital city, a municipality of primary status
** List of national capital cities
* Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences
* Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used f ...
s and bases.
[ The main approach to the mausoleum faces a bridge over a lake with a double flight of balustraded steps.] The mausoleum is decorated with heraldic
Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree. Armory, the best-known branc ...
painting by Gruner.[ The ceiling is decorated by a blue glass dome ornamented with stars.]
The mausoleum was built by Messrs I'Anson of Cirencester Place, with the bronze casting supplied by Messrs Robinson and Co. of Pimlico.
References
{{Commonscat, Mausoleum of the Duchess of Kent, Frogmore
Buildings and structures completed in 1861
Grade I listed buildings in Berkshire
Grade I listed monuments and memorials
Mausoleums in England
1861 establishments in England
Frogmore