The Duke of Luynes (french: duc de Luynes ) is a territorial name belonging to the noble
French house d'Albert.
Luynes is, today, a
commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to:
Administrative-territorial entities
* Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township
** Communes of ...
of the
Indre-et-Loire
Indre-et-Loire () is a department in west-central France named after the Indre River and Loire River
The Loire (, also ; ; oc, Léger, ; la, Liger) is the longest river in France and the 171st longest in the world. With a length of , it ...
''
département
In the administrative divisions of France, the department (french: département, ) is one of the three levels of government under the national level ("territorial collectivity, territorial collectivities"), between the regions of France, admin ...
'' in
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
. The family of Albert, which sprang from Thomas Alberti (died 1455), ''seigneur'' de
Boussargues, ''
bailli
A bailiff (french: bailli, ) was the king's administrative representative during the ''ancien régime'' in northern France, where the bailiff was responsible for the application of justice and control of the administration and local finances in h ...
'' of
Viviers and
Valence, and
viguier of
Bagnols and
Pont-Saint-Esprit
Pont-Saint-Esprit (, literally "Holy Spirit Bridge"; oc, Lo Pònt Sant Esperit) is a commune in the Gard département in southern France. It is situated on the river Rhône and is the site of a historical crossing, hence its name. The Ardèche fl ...
in
Languedoc
The Province of Languedoc (; , ; oc, Lengadòc ) is a former province of France.
Most of its territory is now contained in the modern-day region of Occitanie in Southern France. Its capital city was Toulouse. It had an area of approximately ...
, acquired the estate of Luynes in the 16th century.
History
![Louis Charles d'Albert Duc de Luynes Pair de France](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Louis_Charles_d%27Albert_Duc_de_Luynes_Pair_de_France.JPG)
The grandfather of the first Duke of Luynes was Léon d'Alberti, who changed the family name to Albert and married Jeanne de Ségur of
Marseille
Marseille ( , , ; also spelled in English as Marseilles; oc, Marselha ) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the camargue region of southern Franc ...
in 1535. From the marriage he received a dowry of 10,000
livres
The (; ; abbreviation: ₶.) was one of numerous currencies used in medieval France, and a unit of account (i.e., a monetary unit used in accounting) used in Early Modern France.
The 1262 monetary reform established the as 20 , or 80.88 gr ...
and the fief of
Luynes in today's ''département''
Bouches-du-Rhône
Bouches-du-Rhône ( , , ; oc, Bocas de Ròse ; "Mouths of the Rhône") is a department in Southern France. It borders Vaucluse to the north, Gard to the west and Var to the east. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the south. Its prefecture and large ...
in
Provence
Provence (, , , , ; oc, Provença or ''Prouvènço'' , ) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the Italian border to the east; it is bor ...
. His son Honoré was born five years later. Léon d'Albert died in the
Italian Wars
The Italian Wars, also known as the Habsburg–Valois Wars, were a series of conflicts covering the period 1494 to 1559, fought mostly in the Italian peninsula, but later expanding into Flanders, the Rhineland and the Mediterranean Sea. The pr ...
.
Honoré d'Albert (1540–1592), ''seigneur'' de Luynes, was in the service of the three last
Valois kings and of
Henry IV of France
Henry IV (french: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithets Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He was the first monarc ...
, and became colonel of the French bands, commissary of artillery in
Languedoc
The Province of Languedoc (; , ; oc, Lengadòc ) is a former province of France.
Most of its territory is now contained in the modern-day region of Occitanie in Southern France. Its capital city was Toulouse. It had an area of approximately ...
and governor of
Beaucaire. Honoré d'Albert had three sons:
*
Charles
Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English language, English and French language, French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic, Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*k ...
(1578–1621), a favorite of
Louis XIII
Louis XIII (; sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown ...
, became the first Duke of Luynes in August 1619. He had recently purchased the Comté de Maillé on the
Loire
The Loire (, also ; ; oc, Léger, ; la, Liger) is the longest river in France and the 171st longest in the world. With a length of , it drains , more than a fifth of France's land, while its average discharge is only half that of the Rhône ...
, about 10 miles west of
Tours
Tours ( , ) is one of the largest cities in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Indre-et-Loire. The Communes of France, commune of Tours had 136,463 ...
, and the king erected Maillé into the Duchy of Luynes, which included about 50
parishes
A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or m ...
and extended to the western wall of Tours and around it on three sides.
*
Honoré
Honoré is a name of French origin and may refer to several people or places:
Given name
Sovereigns of Monaco
Lords of Monaco
* Honoré I of Monaco
Princes of Monaco
* Honoré II of Monaco
* Honoré III of Monaco
* Honoré IV of Monaco
* Honorà ...
(1581–1649), first
Duke of Chaulnes
The title of Duke of Chaulnes (french: duc de Chaulnes), a French peerage, is held by the d'Albert family beginning in 1621.
History
First creation (1621–1698)
The duchy of Chaulnes was established by letters patent in January 1621 and regi ...
, was ''seigneur'' de
Cadenet
Cadenet () is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.
Its inhabitants are called ''Cadenétiens'' in French.
Geography
Cadenet is a village located on the southern slopes of the Lub ...
and married Charlotte Eugenie d'Ailly, countess of
Chaulnes
Chaulnes () is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Geography
Chaulnes lies in the eastern part of the Somme department, 13 km north of Roye. The Chaulnes station is served by local trains between Am ...
, in 1619, and was created
Duke of Chaulnes
The title of Duke of Chaulnes (french: duc de Chaulnes), a French peerage, is held by the d'Albert family beginning in 1621.
History
First creation (1621–1698)
The duchy of Chaulnes was established by letters patent in January 1621 and regi ...
in 1621. He was governor of Picardy and
marshal of France
Marshal of France (french: Maréchal de France, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1 ...
(1619), and defended his province successfully in 1625 and 1635. He is also responsible for the French translation of
René Descartes
René Descartes ( or ; ; Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science. Mathem ...
's
Meditations
''Meditations'' () is a series of personal writings by Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor from AD 161 to 180, recording his private notes to himself and ideas on Stoic philosophy.
Marcus Aurelius wrote the 12 books of the ''Meditations'' in Koine ...
, from Latin, in 1647.
* Léon (1582–1630), ''seigneur'' de
Brantes
Brantes (; oc, Brantas) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.
See also
*Communes of the Vaucluse department
The following is a list of the 151 communes of the Vaucluse dep ...
, who became
Duke of Luxembourg-Piney by his marriage in 1620 with
Margaret Charlotte of Luxembourg.
After the death of the first Duke of Luynes in 1621, his widow,
Marie de Rohan
Marie Aimée de Rohan (December 1600 – 12 August 1679) was a French courtier and political activist, famed for being the center of many of the intrigues of the first half of the 17th century in France. In various sources, she is often known ...
remarried to
Claude of Lorraine,
Duke of Chevreuse Duke of Chevreuse ( French ''Duc de Chevreuse'') was a French title of nobility, elevated from the barony of Chevreuse in 1545. Originally created for Jean de Brosse, Duc d'Étampes, it was transferred in 1555 to Charles of Guise, the Cardinal of L ...
, from whom she acquired in 1655 the
duchy
A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a Middle Ages, medieval country, territory, fiefdom, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess, a ruler hierarchically second to the king or Queen regnant, queen in Western European tradition.
There once exis ...
of
Chevreuse
Chevreuse () is a commune in the French department of Yvelines, administrative region of ÃŽle-de-France, north-central France.
Geography
Chevreuse is located south of Paris, in the middle of a regional natural park, Parc naturel régional de l ...
, which she gave to
Louis Charles d'Albert
Louis Charles d'Albert, 2nd Duke of Luynes (25 December 1620 – 10 October 1690), was a French nobleman and peer of France. He was a translator and moralist who was the first translator of the work of René Descartes.
Early life
Louis-Charles d ...
, her son by her first husband, in 1663. From that point forward, the title of Duke of Chevreuse and Duke of Luynes was borne by the eldest sons of the family of Luynes, which also inherited the title of Duke of Chaulnes on the extinction of the descendants of Honoré d'Albert in 1698. The branch of the dukes of Luxemburg-Piney became extinct in 1697.
Other notable family members
Some other notable family members are:
*
Louis Auguste d'Albert d'Ailly Louis may refer to:
* Louis (coin)
* Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name
* Louis (surname)
* Louis (singer), Serbian singer
* HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy
See also
Derived or associated terms
* Lewis ( ...
(1676–1744), Duke of Chaulnes, became marshal of France (1741). He was a younger son of
Charles Honoré d'Albert, 3rd Duke of Luynes.
*
Louis Joseph d'Albert de Luynes Louis may refer to:
* Louis (coin)
* Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name
* Louis (surname)
* Louis (singer), Serbian singer
* HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy
See also
Derived or associated terms
* Lewis ( ...
(1670–1750),
3rd Prince of Grimberghen: married to Magdeleine Marie de Berghes. He was in the service of the
Emperor Charles VII
Charles VII (6 August 1697 – 20 January 1745) was the prince-elector of Bavaria from 1726 and Holy Roman Emperor from 24 January 1742 to his death. He was a member of the House of Wittelsbach, and his reign as Holy Roman Emperor thus marked the ...
, and became field-marshal and ambassador in France. He was a younger son of
Louis Charles d'Albert, 2nd Duke of Luynes from the Duke's second marriage to Princess Anne
de Rohan-Montbazon.
Several members of the family of Albert were distinguished in letters and science, including Louis Charles d'Albert, 2nd Duke of Luynes, who was an
ascetic
Asceticism (; from the el, ἄσκησις, áskesis, exercise', 'training) is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals. Ascetics may withdraw from the world for their p ...
writer and friend of the
Jansenist
Jansenism was an early modern theological movement within Catholicism, primarily active in the Kingdom of France, that emphasized original sin, human depravity, the necessity of divine grace, and predestination. It was declared a heresy by th ...
s, and
Honoré Theodore d'Albert, 8th Duke of Luynes, who was a writer on archaeology. Others include:
*
Paul d'Albert de Luynes (1703–1788),
Cardinal
Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to:
Animals
* Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds
**''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae
**''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...
and
Archbishop of Sens
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sens and Auxerre (Latin: ''Archidioecesis Senonensis et Antissiodorensis''; French: ''Archidiocèse de Sens et Auxerre'') is a Latin Rite Archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in France. The Archdiocese compr ...
; an astronomer.
He was a son of
Honoré Charles d'Albert de Luynes
Honoré is a name of French origin and may refer to several people or places:
Given name
Sovereigns of Monaco
Lords of Monaco
* Honoré I of Monaco
Princes of Monaco
* Honoré II of Monaco
* Honoré III of Monaco
* Honoré IV of Monaco
* Honorà ...
,
Duke of Montfort and Chevreuse, and younger brother of
Charles Philippe d'Albert de Luynes Charles-Philippe d’Albert Duc de Luynes (30 July 1695 – 2 November 1758) held the title Duke of Luynes from 1712 to 1758. He wrote an important memoir of life at the court of Louis XV.
Early life
Charles-Philippe was a grandson of Charles ...
, 4th Duke of Luynes.
*
Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly
Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly (31 December 1714 – 23 September 1769), Duke of Picquigny and then Duke of Chaulnes from 1744, was a French astronomer, physicist and freemason.
Early life
Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly was the younger son ...
(1714–1769), Duke of Chaulnes and
Picquigny
Picquigny () is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Geography
Picquigny is situated at the junction of the N235, the D141 and D3 roads, on the banks of the river Somme, some northwest (and downstream) o ...
; a writer on mathematical instruments. He was a son of
Louis Auguste d'Albert d'Ailly, 4th Duke of Chaulnes.
*
Louis Joseph d'Albert d'Ailly
Louis Joseph d'Albert d'Ailly (1741–1792), seventh Duke of Chaulnes and son of Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly, was a chemist and French aristocrat.
Biography
At the death of his father in 1769, Louis Joseph inherited the title of Duke of Pi ...
(1741–1793), Duke of Chaulnes and
Picquigny
Picquigny () is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Geography
Picquigny is situated at the junction of the N235, the D141 and D3 roads, on the banks of the river Somme, some northwest (and downstream) o ...
; a chemist who was elected a
Fellow of the Royal Society
Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the judges of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural science, natural knowledge, incl ...
in London in 1764. He was a son of
Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly, Duke of Chaulnes and Picquigny.
List of Dukes of Luynes
List of the Dukes of Luynes since 1619:
See also
*
Duke of Chaulnes
The title of Duke of Chaulnes (french: duc de Chaulnes), a French peerage, is held by the d'Albert family beginning in 1621.
History
First creation (1621–1698)
The duchy of Chaulnes was established by letters patent in January 1621 and regi ...
*
Duke of Chevreuse Duke of Chevreuse ( French ''Duc de Chevreuse'') was a French title of nobility, elevated from the barony of Chevreuse in 1545. Originally created for Jean de Brosse, Duc d'Étampes, it was transferred in 1555 to Charles of Guise, the Cardinal of L ...
References
;Notes
;Sources
Further reading
*Recommended reading (in chronological order) at the end of the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed):
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dukes of Luynes
*
Dukes of Luynes The Duke of Luynes (french: duc de Luynes ) is a territorial name belonging to the noble French house d'Albert. Luynes is, today, a commune of the Indre-et-Loire ''département'' in France. The family of Albert, which sprang from Thomas Alberti (d ...
Noble titles created in 1619