:''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a

junior synonym The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linna ...

of ''

Oreta ''Oreta'' is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Drepaninae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker (entomologist), Francis Walker in 1855. Species *The ''rosea'' species group **''Oreta ancora'' Chu and Wang, 1987 **''Oreta andrema'' Wi ...

. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''

Dryopteris filix-mas ''Dryopteris filix-mas'', the male fern, is a common fern of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, native to much of Europe, Asia, and North America. It favours damp shaded areas in the understory of woodlands, but also shady places on hedge-banks, ...

''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Dryopteridoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). There are about 300-400 species in the genus. The species are distributed in Asia, the Americas, Europe, Africa, and the Pacific islands, with the highest diversity in eastern Asia. It is placed in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Dryopteridoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Many of the species have stout, slowly creeping rootstocks that form a crown, with a vase-like ring of fronds. The sori are round, with a peltate

indusium A sorus (pl. sori) is a cluster of sporangia (structures producing and containing spores) in ferns and fungi. A coenosorus (plural coenosori) is a compound sorus composed of multiple, fused sori. Etymology This New Latin word is from Ancient Gr ...

. The stipes have prominent scales.

Hybridization Hybridization (or hybridisation) may refer to: *Hybridization (biology), the process of combining different varieties of organisms to create a hybrid *Orbital hybridization, in chemistry, the mixing of atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals *Nu ...

and polyploidy are well-known phenomena in this group, with many species formed via these processes. The North American ''Dryopteris'' hybrid complex is a well-known example of

speciation Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within ...

via allopolyploid hybridization.

Selected species

The genus has a large number of species. The PPG I classification suggested there were about 400 species; , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' listed 328 species and 83 hybrids. Some genera sunk into ''Dryopteris'', such as ''Dryopsis'', ''Stenolepia'' and ''Nothoperanema'', are distinguished by other sources. *''

Dryopteris abbreviata :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of '' Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family D ...

'' *'' Dryopteris aemula'' – hay-scented buckler fern *'' Dryopteris affinis'' – scaly male fern *'' Dryopteris alpestris'' *'' Dryopteris amurensis'' *'' Dryopteris apicisora'' *'' Dryopteris arguta'' – coastal wood fern *'' Dryopteris azorica'' *'' Dryopteris backeri'' *'' Dryopteris barbigera'' *'' Dryopteris bissetiana'' *'' Dryopteris blandfordii'' *'' Dryopteris bodinieri'' *''

Dryopteris borreri :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of '' Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family D ...

'' *''

Dryopteris cambrensis :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' – narrow male fern *'' Dryopteris campyloptera'' – mountain wood fern *''

Dryopteris canaliculata :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *'' Dryopteris carthusiana'' – narrow buckler fern *'' Dryopteris caucasica'' *''

Dryopteris caudifrons :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *'' Dryopteris celsa'' – log fern *'' Dryopteris championii'' *''

Dryopteris changii :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *''

Dryopteris chapaensis :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris chinensis :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *''

Dryopteris chrysocoma :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris cinnamomea :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' – cinnamon wood fern *''

Dryopteris clintoniana ''Dryopteris clintoniana'', commonly known as Clinton's wood fern, is a fern of hybrid origin native to the northern hemisphere. It is a fertile hexaploid, arising as a species by doubling of its chromosome number from a hybrid between ''Dryopte ...

'' – Clinton's wood fern *'' Dryopteris confertipinna'' *''

Dryopteris cordipinna :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris corleyi :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris costalisora :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris crassirhizoma ''Dryopteris crassirhizoma'' is a fern species in the wood fern family Dryopteridaceae. This semi-evergreen fern grows to tall and broad, with narrowly-divided fronds growing in a vase-like shape from a central crown, which is brown in colour. ...

'' *''

Dryopteris crinalis ''Dryopteris crinalis'' is a species of fern known as the serpent woodfern. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known from the main islands.Dryopteris crispifolia'' *'' Dryopteris cristata'' – crested buckler fern *''

Dryopteris cyatheoides :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *''

Dryopteris cycadina ''Dryopteris cycadina'', the shaggy shield fern or black wood fern, is a species of deciduous or semi-evergreen fern in the family Dryopteridaceae, native to northern India, China, Taiwan and Japan. It grows to tall by wide, and produces pale g ...

'' *'' Dryopteris cyclopeltiformis'' *''

Dryopteris decipiens :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *''

Dryopteris dehuaensis :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris dickinsii :''The moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of mo ...

'' *'' Dryopteris dilatata'' – broad buckler fern *''

Dryopteris discrita :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of '' Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to '' Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family D ...

'' *'' Dryopteris enneaphylla'' *''

Dryopteris erythrosa :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *''

Dryopteris erythrosora ''Dryopteris erythrosora'', the autumn fern or Japanese shield fern, is a species of fern in the family (biology), family Dryopteridaceae, native plant, native to east Asia from China and Japan south to the Philippines, growing in light woodland ...

'' – autumn fern *''

Dryopteris expansa ''Dryopteris expansa'', the alpine buckler fern, northern buckler-fern or spreading wood fern, is a species of fern native to cool temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, south at high altitudes in mountains to Spain and Greec ...

'' – northern buckler fern *''

Dryopteris fibrilosa :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris fibrilosissima :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of '' Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to '' Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family D ...

'' *''

'' – male fern *''

Dryopteris floridana :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *''

Dryopteris formosana :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *'' Dryopteris fragrans'' – fragrant buckler fern, fragrant wood fern *''

Dryopteris fructuosa :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *''

Dryopteris fuscipes :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *'' Dryopteris gamblei'' *''

Dryopteris goerigiana :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *'' Dryopteris goldieana'' – Goldie's wood fern *''

Dryopteris gongboensis :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of '' Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family D ...

'' *'' Dryopteris guanchica'' *''

Dryopteris gushanica :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris gushiangensis :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris gymnophylla :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *''

Dryopteris gymnosora :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris hasseltii ''Dryopteris hasseltii'' is a species of fern in the family Dryopteridaceae. It occurs from India, through southeast Asia, as far as north-east Queensland in Australia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is ...

'' *''

Dryopteris hendersoni :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris hirtipes ''Dryopteris hirtipes'' is fern species native to South China and Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen ...

'' *'' Dryopteris huanganshanensis'' *''

Dryopteris hupehensis :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *'' Dryopteris hwangii'' *''

Dryopteris hypophlebia :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *''

Dryopteris immixta :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of '' Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family D ...

'' *'' Dryopteris inaequalis'' *''

Dryopteris incisolobata :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris integriloba :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *'' Dryopteris integripinnula'' *'' Dryopteris intermedia'' – intermediate wood fern *''

Dryopteris junlianensis :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of '' Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family D ...

'' *''

Dryopteris juxtaposita :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *'' Dryopteris kinkiensis'' *''

Dryopteris labordei :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris lacera :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of '' Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to '' Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family D ...

'' *''

Dryopteris lancipinnula :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris lepidopoda :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *''

Dryopteris lepidorachis :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *'' Dryopteris liyangensis'' *'' Dryopteris ludoviciana'' – southern wood fern *''

Dryopteris macropholis ''Dryopteris macropholis'' is a species of fern. It is distributed on the Marquesas Islands. Description ''Dryopteris macropholis'' is a terrestrial fern; rhizomes suberect, 20–25 cm long, 5–7 cm in diameter (to 15 cm includi ...

'' *'' Dryopteris manshurica'' *'' Dryopteris marginalis'' – marginal wood fern *''

Dryopteris matsumurae :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *'' Dryopteris minjiangensis'' *''

Dryopteris monticola :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris montigena :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris nanpingensis :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *''

Dryopteris neolepidopoda :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *'' Dryopteris nigropaleacea'' *''

Dryopteris nigrosquamosa :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *''

Dryopteris nyalamensis :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *''

Dryopteris nyingchiensis :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *''

Dryopteris odontoloma :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dry ...

'' *'' Dryopteris oreades'' – mountain male fern *''

Dryopteris pacifica :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dr ...

'' *''

Dryopteris pallida ''Dryopteris pallida'' is a species of fern. Description ''Dryopteris pallida'' is a winter-green ''Dryopteris'' fern of small to moderate size with very pale broad chaffy scales on the long somewhat pale stem and leaves that are often rather a ...

'' *''

Dryopteris paludicda :''The moth genus ''Dryopteris'' is now considered a junior synonym of '' Oreta. ''Dryopteris'' , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to ''Dryopteris filix-mas''), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family D ...

'' *''Dryopteris panda'' *''Dryopteris parasparsa'' *''Dryopteris pedata'' *''Dryopteris peninsulae'' *''Dryopteris podophylla'' *''Dryopteris polita'' *''Dryopteris prosa'' *''Dryopteris pseudo-sikkimensis'' *''Dryopteris pseudoatrata'' *''Dryopteris pseudodontoloma'' *''Dryopteris pseudofibrillosa'' *''Dryopteris pseudomarginata'' *''Dryopteris pseudouniformis'' *''Dryopteris pulcherrima'' *''Dryopteris qandoensis'' *''Dryopteris quatanensis'' *''Dryopteris reflexosquamata'' *''Dryopteris remota'' – scaly buckler fern *''Dryopteris rigida'' *''Dryopteris rosthornii'' *''Dryopteris sacrosancta'' *''Dryopteris saxifraga'' *''Dryopteris scottii'' *''Dryopteris semipinnata'' *''Dryopteris sericea'' *''Dryopteris serrato-dentata'' *''Dryopteris shensicola'' *''Dryopteris shibipedis'' *''Dryopteris sichotensis'' *''Dryopteris sieboldii'' *''Dryopteris sikkimensis'' *''Dryopteris silaensis'' *''Dryopteris sino-sparsa'' *''Dryopteris sinoerythrosora'' *''Dryopteris sinofibrillosa'' *''Dryopteris sordidipes'' *''Dryopteris sparsa'' *''Dryopteris squamifera'' *''Dryopteris squamiseta'' *''Dryopteris stenolepis'' *''Dryopteris subatrata'' *''Dryopteris subbarbigera'' *''Dryopteris subexaltata'' *''Dryopteris sublacera'' *''Dryopteris sublaeta'' *''Dryopteris submarginata'' *''Dryopteris submontana'' – rigid buckler fern *''Dryopteris subtriangularis'' *''Dryopteris tarningensis'' *''Dryopteris tenuicula'' *''Dryopteris tenuissima'' *''Dryopteris thibetica'' *''Dryopteris tieluensis'' *''Dryopteris tokyoensis'' – Tokyo wood fern *''Dryopteris tsangpoensis'' *''Dryopteris tyrrhena'' *''Dryopteris uniformis'' *''Dryopteris varia'' *''Dryopteris venosa'' *''Dryopteris villarii'' *''Dryopteris wallichiana'' – alpine wood fern *''Dryopteris wenchuanensis'' *''Dryopteris wuyishanensis'' *''Dryopteris yigongensis'' *''Dryopteris yungtzeensis'' *''Dryopteris zayuensis'' File:Dryopteris goldiana.jpg, '' Dryopteris goldieana'', Goldie's fern File:Dryopteris sieboldii - Atlanta Botanical Garden.JPG, ''Dryopteris sieboldii''

Ecology

''Dryopteris'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including ''Batrachedra, Batrachedra sophroniella'' (which feeds exclusively on ''D. cyatheoides'') and ''Sthenopiseauratus''.

Cultivation and uses

Many ''Dryopteris'' species are widely used as garden ornamental plants, especially ''D. affinis'', ''D. erythrosora'', and ''D. filix-mas'', with numerous cultivars. ''Dryopteris filix-mas'' was throughout much of recent human history widely used as a vermifuge, and was the only fern listed in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia. Traditional use in Scandinavia against red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestation is to place fronds in nesting boxes under nesting material and under floor covering material.

References

External links

Flora Europaea: ''Dryopteris''

Flora of North America: ''Dryopteris''

Flora of China: ''Dryopteris'' species list
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1335106 Dryopteris, Fern genera

Selected species

Ecology

Cultivation and uses

See also

References

External links