''Dryocosmus'' are a genus of
gall wasps. They are cyclically
parthenogenetic insects that induce
gall
Galls (from the Latin , 'oak-apple') or ''cecidia'' (from the Greek , anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants, fungi, or animals. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to be ...
s on plants in the family
Fagaceae
The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as evergre ...
.
According to recent studies, the genus includes some species previously considered as belonging to the genus ''
Chilaspis'', whereas ''
Dryocosmus favus'' should be excluded of the genus. ''Dryocosmus'' and ''Chilaspis'' are closely related to the other oak gall wasp taxa (''
Aphelonyx
''Aphelonyx'' is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae
Gall wasps, also incorrectly called gallflies, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they indu ...
'', ''
Plagiotrochus'', ''
Pseudoneuroterus'', ''
Trichagalma'', and some ''
Neuroterus'' species)
''
Dryocosmus kuriphilus'' is an
invasive species
An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species ad ...
in Europe and North America (originating from Asia) that endangers the
chestnut
The chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Castanea'', in the beech family Fagaceae. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce.
The unrelat ...
trees.
[L.K.Rieske, Success of an exotic gallmaker, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, on chestnut in the USA: a historical account, EPPO Bulletin 37 (1), 172–174 (2007)][
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Species
* ''Dryocosmus archboldi''
Melika & Abrahamson, 2021
* ''Dryocosmus asymmetricus'' (split twig gall wasp)
* ''Dryocosmus caspiensis''
* ''Dryocosmus cerriphilus''
* ''Dryocosmus deciduus''
* ''Dryocosmus dubiosus'' (two-horned gall wasp)
* ''Dryocosmus floridensis''
* ''Dryocosmus imbricariae'' (banded bullet gall wasp)
* ''Dryocosmus israeli''
* ''Dryocosmus jungalii''
* ''
Dryocosmus kuriphilus''
Yasumatsu, 1951
* ''Dryocosmus mayri''
* ''Dryocosmus mikoi''
* ''Dryocosmus minusculus'' (pumpkin gall wasp)
* ''Dryocosmus nervosus''
* ''Dryocosmus nitidus''
* ''Dryocosmus quercuspalustris''
(Osten Sacken, 1861) (succulent oak gall wasp)
* ''Dryocosmus rileyi''
References
Cynipidae
Hymenoptera genera
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