''Drassodes'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
ground spiders
Ground spiders comprise Gnaphosidae, the seventh largest spider family with over 2,000 described species in over 100 genera distributed worldwide. There are 105 species known to central Europe, and common genera include ''Gnaphosa'', ''Drassodes' ...
that was first described by
Niklas Westring in 1851.
They are brown, gray, and red spiders that live under rocks or bark in mostly dry habitats, and are generally long,
but can reach up to in length.
Species
it contains 162 species:
*''
D. adisensis''
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
*''
D. affinis''
(Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
*''
D. afghanus''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. albicans''
( Simon, 1878) – Mediterranean
*''
D. andamanensis''
Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.)
*''
D. andorranus''
Denis, 1938 – Andorra
*''
D. angulus''
Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – USA
*''
D. arapensis''
Strand, 1908 – Peru
*''
D. archibensis''
Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus)
*''
D. assimilatus''
( Blackwall, 1865) – Canary Is., Cape Verde Is.
*''
D. astrologus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge
Octavius Pickard-Cambridge FRS (3 November 1828 – 9 March 1917) was an English clergyman and zoologist. He was a keen arachnologist who described and named more than 900 species of spider.
Life and work
Pickard-Cambridge was born in Blox ...
, 1874) – India
*''
D. auriculoides''
Barrows, 1919 – USA
*''
D. auritus''
Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan, China
*''
D. bechuanicus''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. bendamiranus''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. bicurvatus''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. bifidus''
Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009 – Turkey
*''
D. brachythelis''
( Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
*''
D. braendegaardi''
Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya
*''
D. caffrerianus''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. calceatus''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. cambridgei''
Roewer, 1951 – India
*''
D. canaglensis''
Caporiacco, 1927 – Italy
*''
D. carinivulvus''
Caporiacco, 1934 – India
*''
D. caspius''
Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006 – Turkey, Russia (Europe, Caucasus), Kazakhstan
*''
D. cerinus''
Simon, 1897 – India
*''
D. charcoviae''
(Thorell, 1875) – Ukraine
*''
D. charitonovi''
Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan
*''
D. chybyndensis''
Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe to Central Asia), Kazakhstan, Iran
*''
D. clavifemur''
(Reimoser, 1935) – India (Karakorum, Kashmir)
*''
D. crassipalpus''
(Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan
*''
D. cupa''
Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan
*''
D. cupreus''
(Blackwall, 1834) – Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Russia (Europe to Far East)
*''
D. dagestanus''
Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus)
*''
D. daliensis''
Yang & Song, 2003 – China
*''
D. delicatus''
(Blackwall, 1867) – India
*''
D. deoprayagensis''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
*''
D. depilosus''
Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan
*''
D. deserticola''
Simon, 1893 – Algeria, Libya
*''
D. difficilis''
(Simon, 1878) – Spain, France, Italy, Turkey?
*''
D. dispulsoides''
Schenkel, 1963 – China
*''
D. distinctus''
(Lucas, 1846) – Algeria
*''
D. dregei''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. drydeni''
Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar
*''
D. ellenae''
(Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) – Philippines
*''
D. ereptor''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. falciger''
Jézéquel, 1965 – Ivory Coast
*''
D. fedtschenkoi''
(Kroneberg, 1875) – Uzbekistan
*''
D. fugax''
(Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Central Asia, China
*''
D. gangeticus''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
*''
D. gia''
Melic & Barrientos, 2017 – Spain
*''
D. gilvus''
Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
*''
D. gooldi''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. gosiutus''
Chamberlin, 1919 – USA, Canada
*''
D. gujaratensis''
Patel & Patel, 1975 – India
*''
D. hamiger''
(Thorell, 1877) – Indonesia (Sulawesi)
*''
D. hebei''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
*''
D. helenae''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. heterophthalmus''
Simon, 1905 – India
*''
D. himalayensis''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
*''
D. ignobilis''
Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar
*''
D. imbecillus''
(L. Koch
Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (8 November 1825 – 1 November 1908) was a German entomologist and arachnologist.
He was born in Regensburg, Germany, and died in Nuremberg, Germany. He studied in Nuremberg, initially law, but then turned to medicin ...
, 1875) – Ethiopia
*''
D. inermis''
(Simon, 1878) – Spain (Menorca), France
*''
D. infletus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand), Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia
*''
D. insidiator''
Thorell, 1897 – Myanmar
*''
D. insignis''
(Blackwall, 1862) – Brazil
*''
D. interemptor''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
*''
D. interlisus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
*''
D. interpolator''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tajikistan, China (Yarkand)
*''
D. involutus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
*''
D. jakkabagensis''
Charitonov, 1946 – Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
*''
D. jiufeng''
Tang, Song & Zhang, 2001 – China
*''
D. kaszabi''
Loksa, 1965 – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia
*''
D. katunensis''
Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 – Russia (South Siberia)
*''
D. kibonotensis''
Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
*''
D. krausi''
(Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan
*''
D. kwantungensis''
Saito, 1937 – China
*''
D. lacertosus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Greece, Turkey, Israel, Syria
*''
D. lapidosus''
(Walckenaer, 1802) (
type
Type may refer to:
Science and technology Computing
* Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc.
* Data type, collection of values used for computations.
* File type
* TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file.
* Ty ...
) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan
**''
Drassodes l. bidens''
(Simon, 1878) – France
*''
D. lapsus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
*''
D. licenti''
Schenkel, 1953 – Mongolia
*''
D. lindbergi''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. lividus''
Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan
*''
D. longispinus''
Marusik & Logunov, 1995 – Russia (South Siberia, Far East), China, Korea
*''
D. lophognathus''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. luridus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
*''
D. luteomicans''
(Simon, 1878) – Southern Europe
*''
D. lutescens''
(C. L. Koch
Carl Ludwig Koch (21 September 1778 – 23 August 1857) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was responsible for classifying a great number of spiders, including the Brazilian whiteknee tarantula and common house spider. He was born ...
, 1839) – Mediterranean, Ukraine, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, Pakistan
*''
D. lyratus''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. lyriger''
Simon, 1909 – Ethiopia
*''
D. macilentus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
*''
D. malagassicus''
(Butler
A butler is a person who works in a house serving and is a domestic worker in a large household. In great houses, the household is sometimes divided into departments with the butler in charge of the dining room, wine cellar, and pantry. Some a ...
, 1880) – Madagascar
*''
D. mandibularis''
(L. Koch, 1866) – Russia (Europe)
*''
D. manducator''
(Thorell, 1897) – Myanmar
*''
D. masculus''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. mauritanicus''
Denis, 1945 – North Africa
*''
D. meghalayaensis''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India
*''
D. mirus''
Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – Russia (Far East), North America
*''
D. montenegrinus''
( Kulczyński, 1897) – Croatia, Serbia
*''
D. monticola''
(Kroneberg, 1875) – Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
*''
D. nagqu''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
*''
D. narayanpurensis''
Gajbe, 2005 – India
*''
D. natali''
Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
*''
D. neglectus''
( Keyserling, 1887) – Russia (Middle to East Siberia, Far East), North America
*''
D. nox''
Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan
*''
D. nugatorius''
( Karsch, 1881) – Libya, Arabia
*''
D. obscurus''
(Lucas, 1846) – Algeria
*''
D. parauritus''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
*''
D. paroculus''
Simon, 1893 – Spain
*''
D. parvidens''
Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan
*''
D. pashanensis''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India
*''
D. pectinifer''
Schenkel, 1936 – China
*''
D. phagduaensis''
Tikader, 1964 – Nepal
*''
D. placidulus''
Simon, 1914 – France
*''
D. platnicki''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Mongolia, China
*''
D. prosthesimiformis''
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
*''
D. pseudolesserti''
Loksa, 1965 – Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China
*''
D. pubescens''
(Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China, Japan
*''
D. robatus''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. rostratus''
Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
*''
D. rubicundulus''
Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan
*''
D. rubidus''
(Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy (Sardinia)
*''
D. rugichelis''
Denis, 1962 – Madeira
*''
D. russulus''
(Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Java)
*''
D. saccatus''
( Emerton, 1890) – North America
*''
D. saganus''
Strand, 1918 – Japan
*''
D. sagarensis''
Tikader, 1982 – India
*''
D. saitoi''
Schenkel, 1963 – China
*''
D. serratichelis''
(Roewer, 1928) – Spain (Majorca), Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, Israel. Introduced to USA
*''
D. serratidens''
Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (South Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan
*''
D. sesquidentatus''
Purcell, 1908 – South Africa
*''
D. shawanensis''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
*''
D. similis''
Nosek, 1905 – Turkey
*''
D. simplex''
Kulczyński, 1926 – Russia (Kamchatka)
*''
D. simplicivulvus''
Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia
*''
D. singulariformis''
Roewer, 1951 – India
*''
D. sirmourensis''
(Tikader & Gajbe, 1977) – India, China
*''
D. sitae''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
*''
D. sockniensis''
(Karsch, 1881) – Libya
*''
D. solitarius''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. soussensis''
Denis, 1956 – Morocco
*''
D. splendens''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. stationis''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. sternatus''
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
*''
D. striatus''
(L. Koch, 1866) – Hungary, Balkans, Romania, Ukraine
*''
D. subviduatus''
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
*''
D. taehadongensis''
Paik, 1995 – Korea
*''
D. tarrhunensis''
(Karsch, 1881) – Libya
*''
D. termezius''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. tesselatus''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. thaleri''
Hervé, 2009 – France
*''
D. thimei''
(L. Koch, 1878) – Turkmenistan
*''
D. tikaderi''
(Gajbe, 1987) – India
*''
D. tiritschensis''
Miller & Buchar, 1972 – Afghanistan
*''
D. tortuosus''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. unicolor''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Greece (Crete), Libya, Egypt, Lebanon, Israel
*''
D. uritai''
Tang, Oldemtu, Zhao & Song, 1999 – China
*''
D. venustus''
(Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
*''
D. villosus''
(Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Central Asia, Russia (Europe to Far East)
*''
D. viveki''
(Gajbe, 1992) – India
*''
D. vorax''
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
References
Araneomorphae genera
Cosmopolitan spiders
Gnaphosidae
{{Gnaphosidae-stub