''Drassodes'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
ground spiders that was first described by
Niklas Westring
Niklas Westring (13 November 1797, in Gothenburg – 28 January 1882) was a Swedish entomologist and arachnologist.
He started out with the intention to study medicine but this was frustrated by the death of his father. His full-time profession f ...
in 1851.
They are brown, gray, and red spiders that live under rocks or bark in mostly dry habitats, and are generally long,
but can reach up to in length.
Species
it contains 162 species:
*''
D. adisensis''
Strand
Strand may refer to:
Topography
*The flat area of land bordering a body of water, a:
** Beach
** Shoreline
*Strand swamp, a type of swamp habitat in Florida
Places Africa
*Strand, Western Cape, a seaside town in South Africa
* Strand Street, ...
, 1906 – Ethiopia
*''
D. affinis''
(Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
*''
D. afghanus''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. albicans''
(Simon
Simon may refer to:
People
* Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon
* Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon
* Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...
, 1878) – Mediterranean
*''
D. andamanensis''
Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.)
*''
D. andorranus''
Denis, 1938 – Andorra
*''
D. angulus''
Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – USA
*''
D. arapensis''
Strand, 1908 – Peru
*''
D. archibensis''
Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus)
*''
D. assimilatus''
( Blackwall, 1865) – Canary Is., Cape Verde Is.
*''
D. astrologus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge
Octavius Pickard-Cambridge FRS (3 November 1828 – 9 March 1917) was an English clergyman and zoologist. He was a keen arachnologist who described and named more than 900 species of spider.
Life and work
Pickard-Cambridge was born in Blox ...
, 1874) – India
*''
D. auriculoides''
Barrows, 1919 – USA
*''
D. auritus''
Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan, China
*''
D. bechuanicus''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. bendamiranus''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. bicurvatus''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. bifidus''
Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009 – Turkey
*''
D. brachythelis''
( Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
*''
D. braendegaardi''
Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya
*''
D. caffrerianus''
Purcell
Henry Purcell (, rare: September 1659 – 21 November 1695) was an English composer.
Purcell's style of Baroque music was uniquely English, although it incorporated Italian and French elements. Generally considered among the greatest En ...
, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. calceatus''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. cambridgei''
Roewer, 1951 – India
*''
D. canaglensis''
Caporiacco, 1927 – Italy
*''
D. carinivulvus''
Caporiacco, 1934 – India
*''
D. caspius''
Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006 – Turkey, Russia (Europe, Caucasus), Kazakhstan
*''
D. cerinus''
Simon, 1897 – India
*''
D. charcoviae''
(Thorell, 1875) – Ukraine
*''
D. charitonovi''
Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan
*''
D. chybyndensis''
Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe to Central Asia), Kazakhstan, Iran
*''
D. clavifemur''
(Reimoser, 1935) – India (Karakorum, Kashmir)
*''
D. crassipalpus''
(Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan
*''
D. cupa''
Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan
*''
D. cupreus''
(Blackwall, 1834) – Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Russia (Europe to Far East)
*''
D. dagestanus''
Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus)
*''
D. daliensis''
Yang & Song, 2003 – China
*''
D. delicatus''
(Blackwall, 1867) – India
*''
D. deoprayagensis''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
*''
D. depilosus''
Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan
*''
D. deserticola''
Simon, 1893 – Algeria, Libya
*''
D. difficilis''
(Simon, 1878) – Spain, France, Italy, Turkey?
*''
D. dispulsoides''
Schenkel, 1963 – China
*''
D. distinctus''
(Lucas, 1846) – Algeria
*''
D. dregei''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. drydeni''
Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar
*''
D. ellenae''
(Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) – Philippines
*''
D. ereptor''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. falciger''
Jézéquel, 1965 – Ivory Coast
*''
D. fedtschenkoi''
(Kroneberg, 1875) – Uzbekistan
*''
D. fugax''
(Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Central Asia, China
*''
D. gangeticus''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
*''
D. gia''
Melic & Barrientos, 2017 – Spain
*''
D. gilvus''
Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
*''
D. gooldi''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. gosiutus''
Chamberlin
The Chamberlin is an electro-mechanical keyboard instrument that was a precursor to the Mellotron. It was developed and patented by the American inventor Harry Chamberlin from 1949 to 1956, when the first model was introduced. There are severa ...
, 1919 – USA, Canada
*''
D. gujaratensis''
Patel & Patel, 1975 – India
*''
D. hamiger''
(Thorell, 1877) – Indonesia (Sulawesi)
*''
D. hebei''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
*''
D. helenae''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. heterophthalmus''
Simon, 1905 – India
*''
D. himalayensis''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
*''
D. ignobilis''
Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar
*''
D. imbecillus''
(L. Koch
Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (8 November 1825 – 1 November 1908) was a German entomologist and arachnologist.
He was born in Regensburg, Germany, and died in Nuremberg, Germany. He studied in Nuremberg, initially law, but then turned to medicin ...
, 1875) – Ethiopia
*''
D. inermis''
(Simon, 1878) – Spain (Menorca), France
*''
D. infletus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand), Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia
*''
D. insidiator''
Thorell, 1897 – Myanmar
*''
D. insignis''
(Blackwall, 1862) – Brazil
*''
D. interemptor''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
*''
D. interlisus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
*''
D. interpolator''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tajikistan, China (Yarkand)
*''
D. involutus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
*''
D. jakkabagensis''
Charitonov, 1946 – Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
*''
D. jiufeng''
Tang, Song & Zhang, 2001 – China
*''
D. kaszabi''
Loksa, 1965 – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia
*''
D. katunensis''
Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 – Russia (South Siberia)
*''
D. kibonotensis''
Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
*''
D. krausi''
(Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan
*''
D. kwantungensis''
Saito, 1937 – China
*''
D. lacertosus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Greece, Turkey, Israel, Syria
*''
D. lapidosus''
(Walckenaer, 1802) (
type) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan
**''
Drassodes l. bidens''
(Simon, 1878) – France
*''
D. lapsus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
*''
D. licenti''
Schenkel, 1953 – Mongolia
*''
D. lindbergi''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. lividus''
Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan
*''
D. longispinus''
Marusik & Logunov, 1995 – Russia (South Siberia, Far East), China, Korea
*''
D. lophognathus''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. luridus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
*''
D. luteomicans''
(Simon, 1878) – Southern Europe
*''
D. lutescens''
( C. L. Koch, 1839) – Mediterranean, Ukraine, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, Pakistan
*''
D. lyratus''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. lyriger''
Simon, 1909 – Ethiopia
*''
D. macilentus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
*''
D. malagassicus''
(Butler
A butler is a person who works in a house serving and is a domestic worker in a large household. In great houses, the household is sometimes divided into departments with the butler in charge of the dining room, wine cellar, and pantry. Some a ...
, 1880) – Madagascar
*''
D. mandibularis''
(L. Koch, 1866) – Russia (Europe)
*''
D. manducator''
(Thorell, 1897) – Myanmar
*''
D. masculus''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. mauritanicus''
Denis, 1945 – North Africa
*''
D. meghalayaensis''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India
*''
D. mirus''
Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – Russia (Far East), North America
*''
D. montenegrinus''
( Kulczyński, 1897) – Croatia, Serbia
*''
D. monticola''
(Kroneberg, 1875) – Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
*''
D. nagqu''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
*''
D. narayanpurensis''
Gajbe, 2005 – India
*''
D. natali''
Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
*''
D. neglectus''
( Keyserling, 1887) – Russia (Middle to East Siberia, Far East), North America
*''
D. nox''
Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan
*''
D. nugatorius''
( Karsch, 1881) – Libya, Arabia
*''
D. obscurus''
(Lucas, 1846) – Algeria
*''
D. parauritus''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
*''
D. paroculus''
Simon, 1893 – Spain
*''
D. parvidens''
Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan
*''
D. pashanensis''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India
*''
D. pectinifer''
Schenkel, 1936 – China
*''
D. phagduaensis''
Tikader, 1964 – Nepal
*''
D. placidulus''
Simon, 1914 – France
*''
D. platnicki''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Mongolia, China
*''
D. prosthesimiformis''
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
*''
D. pseudolesserti''
Loksa, 1965 – Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China
*''
D. pubescens''
(Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China, Japan
*''
D. robatus''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. rostratus''
Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
*''
D. rubicundulus''
Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan
*''
D. rubidus''
(Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy (Sardinia)
*''
D. rugichelis''
Denis, 1962 – Madeira
*''
D. russulus''
(Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Java)
*''
D. saccatus''
(Emerton Emerton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrew Emerton (born 1972), British Anglican priest and Bishop-designate of Sherwood
* Audrey Emerton, Baroness Emerton (born 1935), British nurse and politician
* Brett Emerton (born ...
, 1890) – North America
*''
D. saganus''
Strand, 1918 – Japan
*''
D. sagarensis''
Tikader, 1982 – India
*''
D. saitoi''
Schenkel, 1963 – China
*''
D. serratichelis''
(Roewer, 1928) – Spain (Majorca), Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, Israel. Introduced to USA
*''
D. serratidens''
Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (South Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan
*''
D. sesquidentatus''
Purcell, 1908 – South Africa
*''
D. shawanensis''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
*''
D. similis''
Nosek, 1905 – Turkey
*''
D. simplex''
Kulczyński, 1926 – Russia (Kamchatka)
*''
D. simplicivulvus''
Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia
*''
D. singulariformis''
Roewer, 1951 – India
*''
D. sirmourensis''
(Tikader & Gajbe, 1977) – India, China
*''
D. sitae''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
*''
D. sockniensis''
(Karsch, 1881) – Libya
*''
D. solitarius''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. soussensis''
Denis, 1956 – Morocco
*''
D. splendens''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. stationis''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. sternatus''
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
*''
D. striatus''
(L. Koch, 1866) – Hungary, Balkans, Romania, Ukraine
*''
D. subviduatus''
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
*''
D. taehadongensis''
Paik, 1995 – Korea
*''
D. tarrhunensis''
(Karsch, 1881) – Libya
*''
D. termezius''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. tesselatus''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. thaleri''
Hervé, 2009 – France
*''
D. thimei''
(L. Koch, 1878) – Turkmenistan
*''
D. tikaderi''
(Gajbe, 1987) – India
*''
D. tiritschensis''
Miller & Buchar, 1972 – Afghanistan
*''
D. tortuosus''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. unicolor''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Greece (Crete), Libya, Egypt, Lebanon, Israel
*''
D. uritai''
Tang, Oldemtu, Zhao & Song, 1999 – China
*''
D. venustus''
(Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
*''
D. villosus''
(Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Central Asia, Russia (Europe to Far East)
*''
D. viveki''
(Gajbe, 1992) – India
*''
D. vorax''
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
References
Araneomorphae genera
Cosmopolitan spiders
Gnaphosidae
{{Gnaphosidae-stub