Double Tonic
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A double tonic is a
chord progression In a musical composition, a chord progression or harmonic progression (informally chord changes, used as a plural) is a succession of chords. Chord progressions are the foundation of harmony in Western musical tradition from the common practice ...
, melodic motion, or
shift of level A level, van der Merwe, Peter (1989). ''Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music''. Oxford: Clarendon Press. . also "tonality level", Gerhard Kubik's "tonal step," "tonal block," and John Blacking's "root pr ...
consisting of a, "regular back-and-forth motion," in
melody A melody (from Greek μελῳδία, ''melōidía'', "singing, chanting"), also tune, voice or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combina ...
similar to
Bruno Nettl Bruno Nettl (14 March 1930 – 15 January 2020) was an ethnomusicologist who was central in defining ethnomusicology as a discipline. His research focused on folk and traditional music, specifically Native American music the music of Iran a ...
's pendulum type though it uses small intervals, most often a whole tone though may be almost a
semitone A semitone, also called a half step or a half tone, is the smallest musical interval commonly used in Western tonal music, and it is considered the most dissonant when sounded harmonically. It is defined as the interval between two adjacent no ...
to a
minor third In music theory, a minor third is a musical interval that encompasses three half steps, or semitones. Staff notation represents the minor third as encompassing three staff positions (see: interval number). The minor third is one of two com ...
(see
pendular third A modal frame in music is "a number of types permeating and unifying African, European, and American song" and melody., quoted in Richard Middleton (1990/2002). ''Studying Popular Music'', p. 203. Philadelphia: Open University Press. . It may a ...
s). van der Merwe, Peter (1989). ''Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music'', p.205. Oxford: Clarendon Press. . It is extremely common in
African music Given the vastness of the African continent, its music is diverse, with regions and nations having many distinct musical traditions. African music includes the genres amapiano, Jùjú, Fuji, Afrobeat, Highlife, Makossa, Kizomba, and oth ...
("Mkwaze mmodzi"), Asian music, and European music, including:van der Merwe (1989), p.206 * European Middle Ages music such as " Sumer is Icumen in" * Elizabethan popular music such as " The Woods so Wild" and "
Dargason "Dargason" is a seventeenth-century English tune, and may refer to the following: * The fourth movement, "Fantasia on the 'Dargason'", from the ''Second Suite in F for Military Band'' by Gustav Holst * The fourth movement, "Finale (The Dargason)", f ...
" * Classical music featuring the regular alternation of tonic-dominant *Alternating ' discords' such as in
Debussy (Achille) Claude Debussy (; 22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918) was a French composer. He is sometimes seen as the first Impressionism in music, Impressionist composer, although he vigorously rejected the term. He was among the most infl ...
or
Stravinsky Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (6 April 1971) was a Russian composer, pianist and conductor, later of French (from 1934) and American (from 1945) citizenship. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the ...
*Gustav Mahler has also used this kind of musical pendulum motion *"
Scottish Scottish usually refers to something of, from, or related to Scotland, including: *Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family native to Scotland *Scottish English *Scottish national identity, the Scottish ide ...
" and European music such as "
Donald MacGillavry Donald is a masculine given name derived from the Gaelic name ''Dòmhnall''.. This comes from the Proto-Celtic *''Dumno-ualos'' ("world-ruler" or "world-wielder"). The final -''d'' in ''Donald'' is partly derived from a misinterpretation of the ...
" * Sea shanties and other work songs such as "
Drunken Sailor "Drunken Sailor", also known as "What Shall We Do with a/the Drunken Sailor?" or "Up She Rises", is a traditional sea shanty, listed as No. 322 in the Roud Folk Song Index. It was sung onboard sailing ships at least as early as the 1830s, and ...
", "Roun' de Corn, Sally", and "Shallow Brown", and in * Football chants such as: In American music, a rare example of a double-tonic is the spiritual "Rock my Soul" though American popular music began to use the double tonic commonly in the last half of the 1900s, including Beck's " Puttin It Down".Beck - Puttin It Down tab
, ''GuitareTab.com''.
Double tonic patterns may be classified as beginning on the lower ("Sumer is Icumen in", "The Woods so Wild", " The Irish Washerwoman") or upper (most Scottish tunes, passamezzo antico, "Roun' de Corn, Sally", "Shallow Brown", "Mkwaze mmodzi")
note Note, notes, or NOTE may refer to: Music and entertainment * Musical note, a pitched sound (or a symbol for a sound) in music * Notes (album), ''Notes'' (album), a 1987 album by Paul Bley and Paul Motian * ''Notes'', a common (yet unofficial) sho ...
and may repeat open endedly, though they are often closed through a tonic close, as in :van der Merwe (1989), p.207 Am, G, Am-G, Am, , They are also often varied through a binary scheme ending on the dominant then tonic, as in: Am, G, Am, E, , Am, G, Am-G, Am, , or, Am, G, Am, E, , Am, G, Am-E, Am, , A variation of this last progression is the
passamezzo antico The passamezzo antico is a ground bass or chord progression that was popular during the Italian Renaissance and known throughout Europe in the 16th century. van der Merwe, Peter. 1989. ''Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth- ...
.


See also

*
Co-tonic A modal frame in music is "a number of types permeating and unifying Music of Africa, African, Music of Europe, European, and Music of the United States, American song" and melody., quoted in Richard Middleton (1990/2002). ''Studying Popular Musi ...
* Secondary tonic *
Supertonic In music, the supertonic is the second degree () of a diatonic scale, one whole step above the tonic. In the movable do solfège system, the supertonic note is sung as ''re''. The triad built on the supertonic note is called the supertonic cho ...
* Subtonic * Level (music)


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Double Tonic Chord progressions Melodic motion