Donboli (, ) is a Turkic-

speaking Speech is a human vocal communication using language. Each language uses phonetic combinations of vowel and consonant sounds that form the sound of its words (that is, all English words sound different from all French words, even if they are th ...

Kurdish tribe The following is a list of tribes of Kurdish people, an Iranic ethnic group from the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan in Western Asia. Iraq Baghdad Governorate The following tribes are present in Baghdad Governorate: * Feyli tribe Diyala Govern ...

living around

Khoy Khoy (Persian and az, خوی; ; ; also Romanized as Khoi), is a city and capital of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2012 census, its population was 200,985. Khoy is located north of the province's capital and largest city ...

and

Salmas Salmas ( fa, سلماس; ; ; ; syr, ܣܵܠܵܡܵܣ, Salamas) is the capital of Salmas County, West Azerbaijan Province in Iran. It is located northwest of Lake Urmia, near Turkey. According to the 2019 census, the city's population is 127,864. ...

in West Azerbaijan Province in

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

History

The Donboli came from Bokhtan, a Kurdish region between

Siirt Siirt ( ar, سِعِرْد, Siʿird; hy, Սղերդ, S'gherd; syr, ܣܥܪܬ, Siirt; ku, Sêrt) is a city in southeastern Turkey and the seat of Siirt Province. The population of the city according to the 2009 census was 129,188. History Pr ...

and

Cizre Cizre (; ar, جَزِيْرَة ٱبْن عُمَر, Jazīrat Ibn ʿUmar, or ''Madinat al-Jazira'', he, גזירא, Gzira, ku, Cizîr, ''Cizîra Botan'', or ''Cizîre'', syr, ܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܒܪ ܥܘܡܪ, Gāzartā,) is a city in the Cizre Dis ...

in what is now southeastern Turkey. The first ancestor was a certain Isa Beg, who became in 1378 the ruler of Sokmanabad. His descendant, Sheikh Ahmad Beg, entered service of the Turkmen Aq Quyunlu, and then the family held several posts in Persian administration. According to

Sharafkhan Bidlisi Sharaf al-Din Khan b. Shams al-Din b. Sharaf Beg Bedlisi (Kurdish: شەرەفخانی بەدلیسی, ''Şerefxanê Bedlîsî''; fa, شرف‌الدین خان بن شمس‌الدین بن شرف بیگ بدلیسی; 25 February 1543 – ) was ...

, the members of Donboli tribes were

Yezidi Yazidis or Yezidis (; ku, ئێزیدی, translit=Êzidî) are a Kurmanji-speaking endogamous minority group who are indigenous to Kurdistan, a geographical region in Western Asia that includes parts of Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran. The majo ...

, but one of their leaders by the name of Isa Beg, together with other families, converted to

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

. Ahmad Beg's son, Hajji Beg (Hajji Soltan), was the governor of Sokmanabad and Khoy under

Tahmasp I Tahmasp I ( fa, طهماسب, translit=Ṭahmāsb or ; 22 February 1514 – 14 May 1576) was the second shah of Safavid Iran from 1524 to 1576. He was the eldest son of Ismail I and his principal consort, Tajlu Khanum. Ascending the throne after t ...

of the

Safavid dynasty The Safavid dynasty (; fa, دودمان صفوی, Dudmâne Safavi, ) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from 1501 to 1736. Their rule is often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history, as well as one of th ...

who ruled as

Shah Shah (; fa, شاه, , ) is a royal title that was historically used by the leading figures of Iranian monarchies.Yarshater, EhsaPersia or Iran, Persian or Farsi, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII no. 1 (1989) It was also used by a variety of ...

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

1501-1722. In 1530, the Donboli family could establish a semi-autonomous

emirate An emirate is a territory ruled by an emir, a title used by monarchs or high officeholders in the Muslim world. From a historical point of view, an emirate is a political-religious unit smaller than a caliphate. It can be considered equivalen ...

in that area, including the regions of

Churs Chors ( fa, چورس, also Romanized as Chūrs, Chowras, and Chowrs; also known as Choras, Chors, and Jūres) is a village in Churs Rural District, in the Central District of Chaypareh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, ...

and

. In the time of Shah Abbas I the family spread into a line in Churs and in Khoy, sometimes fighting for superpower over the other. After the fall of the

in 1736, the Donboli governors became the hereditary

Khans Khan may refer to: *Khan (inn), from Persian, a caravanserai or resting-place for a travelling caravan *Khan (surname), including a list of people with the name *Khan (title), a royal title for a ruler in Mongol and Turkic languages and used by ...

of Khoy and Tabriz. The Donboli clan reigned the

Khoy Khanate The Khoy Khanate, also known as the Principality of Donboli, was a hereditary Kurdish khanate around Khoy and Salmas in Iran ruled by the Donboli tribe from 1210 until 1799. The khanate has been described as the most powerful khanate in the regi ...

as well as the

Tabriz Khanate The Tabriz Khanate ( fa, خانات تبریز, Azerbaijani language, Azerbaijani: تبریز خانلیغی) was a Khanates of the Caucasus, Caucasian Khanate from 1757 to 1799, centered around Tabriz and led by members of the Turkification, Turk ...

as semi-independent rulers for nearly fifty years between the death of

Nader Shah Afshar Nader Shah Afshar ( fa, نادر شاه افشار; also known as ''Nader Qoli Beyg'' or ''Tahmāsp Qoli Khan'' ) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful rulers in Iranian h ...

in 1747 and the coronation of

Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar ( fa, آقا محمد خان قاجار, translit=Âqâ Mohammad Xân-e Qâjâr; 14 March 1742 – 17 June 1797), also known by his regnal name of Agha Mohammad Shah (, ), was the founder of the Qajar dynasty of Iran, rul ...

in 1796. They allied as well with three succeeding ruling houses, the

Afshar dynasty The Afsharid dynasty ( fa, افشاریان) was an Iranian dynasty founded by Nader Shah () of the Qirqlu clan of the Turkoman Afshar tribe Afshar ( az, Əfşar افشار; tr, Avşar, ''Afşar''; tk, Owşar; fa, اَفشار, Āfshār) i ...

Zand dynasty The Zand dynasty ( fa, سلسله زندیه, ') was an Iranian dynasty, founded by Karim Khan Zand (1751–1779) that initially ruled southern and central Iran in the 18th century. It later quickly came to expand to include much of the rest of ...

and

Qajar dynasty The Qajar dynasty (; fa, دودمان قاجار ', az, Qacarlar ) was an IranianAbbas Amanat, ''The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896'', I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3 royal dynasty of Turkic peoples ...

. The first outstanding emir of this time was Najaf Qoli Khan. After Najaf Qoli Khan's father Shahbaz Khan I was killed in 1731 by his cousin Ayub Khan of Churs, he succeeded him as the governor of Churs and Salmas. In 1734, he entered the service of the later

as chief musketeer. He followed the shah on his conquests to

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

and was made ''amir ol-'omara'' (lit. "commander of commanders) and later the governor of Khoy. In 1742, he became ''beglerbegi'' (lit. "governor of governors", i.e. governor-general) of Tabriz. In 1747, he became the ruling Khan of Tabriz and remained in this post also under Nader Shah's successor. In the war of succession between several pretenders to the Persian throne, Najaf Qoli Khan and his nephew Shahbaz Khan II joined in 1750 Fath Ali Khan Afshar-Arashlu of

Urmia Urmia or Orumiyeh ( fa, ارومیه, Variously transliterated as ''Oroumieh'', ''Oroumiyeh'', ''Orūmīyeh'' and ''Urūmiyeh''.) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran and the capital of Urmia County. It is situated at an alt ...

. The acting rule of Khoy and Salmas was commissioned to Shahbaz Khan II, Najaf Qoli Khan held Tabriz and Churs. After the death of Fath Ali Khan, the Donboli khans pledged their allegiances in 1757 to Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar, who made his minor son

Agha Mohammad Khan Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar ( fa, آقا محمد خان قاجار, translit=Âqâ Mohammad Xân-e Qâjâr; 14 March 1742 – 17 June 1797), also known by his regnal name of Agha Mohammad Shah (, ), was the founder of the Qajar dynasty of Iran, rul ...

the ruler of Tabriz and Najaf Qoli Khan the young prince's guardian. In 1762, they allied with Karim Khan Zand, who sent Shahbaz Khan and Najaf Qoli Khan's son Abdol-Razzaq Beg as hostages to Shiraz in 1763. While Najaf Qoli Khan stayed as the pacified ruler in his khanate and Shahbaz Khan remained de facto governor of Khoy in

Shiraz Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As o ...

, the real power in the Donboli domains was Shahbaz' brother Amir Ahmad Khan, who reigned from 1763 until his death in 1786 as the strongest Donboli ruler and an opponent to

's claims as the overlord of all Persia. Finally, in 1786, Ahmad Khan and his eldest son were killed by Shahbaz' sons, maybe on behalf of the Qajar shah. Ahmad Khan's second son Hossein Qoli Khan succeeded his father in 1786. In 1791, he arranged with

and his

, and became the governor of Tabriz, Khoy and

Ardabil Ardabil (, fa, اردبیل, Ardabīl or ''Ardebīl'') is a city in northwestern Iran, and the capital of Ardabil Province. As of the 2022 census, Ardabil's population was 588,000. The dominant majority in the city are ethnic Iranian Azerbaija ...

. In 1792, Hossein Qoli Khan was entitled ''amir ol-'omara'' and ''beglerbegi'' of

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...

. He also attended the shah's coronation on the Mughan steppe in 1792, where Agha Mohammad was proclaimed

shahanshah Shah (; fa, شاه, , ) is a royal title that was historically used by the leading figures of Iranian monarchies.Yarshater, EhsaPersia or Iran, Persian or Farsi, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII no. 1 (1989) It was also used by a variety of ...

and emperor of all of Iran. In 1793, he fell out of favor when he allied with Ibrahim Khali Khan Javanshir, the ruling khan of Karabakh, and married his daughter. But in 1797, he was reinstated in all posts by

Fath Ali Shah Qajar Fath-Ali Shah Qajar ( fa, فتحعلى‌شاه قاجار, Fatḥ-ʻAli Šâh Qâjâr; May 1769 – 24 October 1834) was the second Shah (king) of Qajar Iran. He reigned from 17 June 1797 until his death on 24 October 1834. His reign saw the irr ...

, who married his son Mohammad Taqi Mirza to Hossein Qoli Khan's daughter. After Hossein Qoli Khan's death in 1798, he was succeeded by his younger brother, Jafar Qoli Khan, who rebelled against the central government with his 15.000 men, being defeated by the crown prince

Abbas Mirza Abbas Mirza ( fa, عباس میرزا; August 26, 1789October 25, 1833) was a Qajar crown prince of Iran. He developed a reputation as a military commander during the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813 and the Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828, as ...

, and finally migrated to Russia in 1800. In addition with the two

Russo-Persian wars The Russo-Persian Wars or Russo-Iranian Wars were a series of conflicts between 1651 and 1828, concerning Iran, Persia (Iran) and the Russian Empire. Russia and Persia fought these wars over disputed governance of territories and countries in th ...

this terminated the Donboli rule in 1809 and ended their regional dominance in 1827. But members of the family held several government posts in

and other provinces of Iran.

Genealogy

First Line

*Amir Isa Beg, 1378 ruler of Sokmanabad **Amir Nazer Ali Khan (his son) ***Amir Sheikh Ahmad Beg (his son), 1467 entered Aq Quyunlu administration ****Amir Bahlol called "Haji Beg" (his son), 1526 governor of Sokmanabad and Khoy, died 1548 *****Soltan Ali Beg (his son) ******Soltan Nazer Beg (his son) ******Soltan Qobeh Beg (his brother) *****Amir Rostam called "Shahverdi Khan" (son of Hajji Beg) ******Amir Behruz Khan I called "Salman Khalifa" (his son) *******Amir Ayub Khan I (his son) ********Amir Behruz Khan II called "Salman Khan" (his brother), 1616-1636 governor of Churs and Salmas, founded the Churs line: *********Amir Ayub Khan II called "Subashi Khan" (his son), 1630-1659, governor of Churs, Salmas and Khoy **********Amir Morteza Qoli Khan the Great (his son), governor of Churs. ********Amir Shahbandeh Khan (son of Ayub Khan I) *********Amir Ali Khan called "Safi Qoli Khan", 1630-1674 (his son) **********Amir Morteza Qoli Khan I (his son), founded the Kashan line: ***********Ghias od-Din Beg (his son) ************Sharif Beg, called "Abbas Manzur Khan" (his son) *************Fazel Beg (his son) **************Agha Mohammad Khan "Zarrabi" (his son) *************** Fath Ali Khan "Saba", called "Malek ol-Sho'ara", lit. "King of the Poets" (his son). ****************Mohammad Hossein Khan "Andalib", called "Malek ol-Sho'ara Thani" (his son) ***************** Mahmoud Khan "Sharif", called "Malek ol-Sho'ara" , † 1893 (his son) ******************Mirza Jafar Khan "Sadr ol-Hokama", married Princess Beigom Rokni. (his son) *******************Hessamoddin Kamyar (his son) *******************Abolghasem Saba Kamal os-Saltaneh (his son) ********************

Abolhasan Saba Abu Al-Hasan ( ar, أبو الحسن, Abū Al-Ḥasan, Father of Hasan), also transliterated Abu'l Hasan, is an Arabic ''kunya'' ('teknonym'). It may refer to: Notable people Politics and military * Ali ibn Abi Talib (600–661), the fourth ...

(his son) ******************Mirza Ali Khan (his son) ******************Mirza Mahdi Khan (his son) ******************Mirza Ahmad Khan (his son) *****************Mirza Mohammad Khan Nadimbashi "Khojasteh" (his son) ******************Gholamreza Khan "Saba" (his son) ******************Mohammad Hossein Khan "Bisharat od-Dowleh", Sartip of Mashhad Telegraph Office (his son) ******************Mohammad Hassan Khan "Malek ol-Hokama", lit. "King of the Doctors", Doctor in Mashhad and in 1906 he went to Sistan during the plague pandemic (his son) *******************Fathali Khan Saba "Masih os-Saltaneh", Doctor in Mashhad and later Tehran *****************Baba Khan (his son) ****************Abolghasem Khan "Forough" (his son) ***************Mirza Aboutaleb (his son) ****************Mirza Abolghasem (his son) ***************Mohammad Ali Khan Kashi (his son) ****************Mohammad Khan (his son) ***************** Mirza Ahmad "Sabour", † 1814 (his son) ******************Mirza Mohammad Bagher (his son) ******************* Mirza Mohammad Kazem "Sabouri", called "Malek ol-Sho'ara", † 1904 (his son) ********************

Mohammad Taghi Bahar Mohammad-Taqi Bahar ( fa, محمدتقی بهار; also romanized as Mohammad-Taqī Bahār; 10 December 1886 in Mashhad – 22 April 1951 in Tehran), widely known as Malek osh-Sho'arā ( fa, ملک‌الشعراء) and Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahā ...

, † 1951 (his son) *****************Mirza Hassan Khan (his son) *****************Zeynolabedin Khan "Hafez ol-Safheh", † 1908, Doctor in Mashhad (his son) ******************Hossein Gholi Khan (his son) ***********Amir Shahbaz Khan I (son of Morteza Qoli Khan I), † 1731, killed by Ayub Khan, governor of Churs and Salmas.

Line of Khans of Khoy

*Morteza Qoli Khan II (son of Shahbaz Khan I), r. 1731-1746, 1st Khan of Khoy, succeeded his father 1731 in Khoy, † 1746, killed at Erivan in the tent of Nader Shah **Shahbaz Khan II (his son), r. 1746-1763, 2nd Khan of Khoy, succeeded his father 1746 in Khoy, † 1773 at Shiraz, 1747-1763 governor of Khoy and Salmas, kept as hostage at Shiraz 1763-1773 ***Saheb Soltan Khanom (daughter of Shahbaz Khan II), married Abul Fath Khan Zand, son of

Karim Khan Zand Mohammad Karim Khan Zand ( fa, محمدکریم خان زند, Mohammad Karīm Khân-e Zand; ) was the founder of the Zand Dynasty, ruling from 1751 to 1779. He ruled all of Iran (Persia) except for Khorasan. He also ruled over some of the Cauc ...

***Mohammad Beg (son of Shahbaz Khan II) ****Mahmud Khan (his son), †1844, governor of Khoy 1799-1800, succeeded his cousin Mohammad Sadegh as 8th Khan of Khoy ****Mehr Nessa Khanom (his sister), married Fath Ali Shah Qajar **Ahmad Khan (son of Morteza Qoli Khan II), *1735, †1786 (killed by his nephews), succeeded his brother Shahbaz Khan 1763 in Khoy, 1763-1786 as governor of Khoy, 3rd Khan of Khoy ***Kalb Ali Khan (his son), †1786 (killed with his father) ***Hossein Qoli Khan (his brother), *1756, †1798, succeeded his father 1786 in Khoy, 1786-1793 and 1797-1798 governor of Khoy, 4th Khan of Khoy, 1787 incorporated Tabriz in his domains ****Mohammad Sadegh Khan (his son), ''amir ol-'omara'' and governor of Azerbaijan 1798-1813, succeeded his father in Khoy and 1798-1809 in Tabriz, 7th Khan of Khoy *****Hossein Khan (his son) ******Agha Mirza Ebrahim (his son) *** Jafar Qoli Khan (brother of Hossein Qoli Khan), †1814, succeeded his brother 1793 and 1798 in Khoy, 1793-1797 and 1798-1799 governor of Khoy, 5th Khan of Khoy, migrated 1800 to

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

and became 1806-1814 governor of Shekki ****Ismail Khan (his son), 1814-1819 Governor of Shekki, Major-General in the Russian Army, †1819 ****Ahmed Khan (his son) *****Kalb Ali Khan Khoyski (his son), Major-General in the Russian Army, †1834 ****** Iskandar Khan Khoyski (his son) ******* Fatali Khan Khoyski (his son) *******Husayn Khan Khoyski (his son), Deputy Governor-General of Democratic Rep. of Azerbaijan, Major-General in the Russian Army, †1955 ******Jahangir Khan Khoyski (his son) ******* Rustam Khan Khoyski (his son) ****Abu Turab Khan (his son) ***Amir Aslan Khan (youngest son of Ahmad Khan), †1838, involved in the war of succession between his elder brothers, entered service of

, and became commander (''sardar'') in his army, fought in the Russo-Persian War (1826-28) for

between

Tabriz Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Aze ...

and

Iravan Iravan also known as Iravat and Iravant, is a minor character from the Hindu epic Mahabharata. The son of Pandava prince Arjuna (one of the main heroes of the Mahabharata) and the Naga princess Ulupi, Iravan is the central deity of the cu ...

, and 1824-1827 was made vicegerent (''vali'') of Fort Aq Saray, governor of Tabriz and governor of Khoy, later governor of

Khamseh The Khamseh ( fa, ایلات خمسه) is a tribal confederation in the province of Fars in southwestern Iran. It consists of five tribes, hence its name ''Khamseh'', "''the five''". The tribes are partly nomadic, Some are Persian speaking Bass ...

and Zanjan.

Line of Khans of Tabriz

*Najaf Qoli Khan I (son of Shahbaz Khan I), *1713, †1785, succeeded his father 1731 in Churs, 1731-1785 ruler of Churs and Salmas, succeeded his brother 1747 as head of the Donboli tribe, 1747-1785 ruler in

, 1769-1785 governor of Tabriz, 1st Khan of Tabriz **Khodadad Khan (his son), †1787 (killed by Sadegh Khan Shaqqaqi), succeeded his father 1785 in Tabriz, 1785-1787 governor of Tabriz, 2nd Khan of Tabriz ***Hajji Fath Ali Beg (his son) ****Najaf Qoli Khan II (his son), 1809 governor and ruling Khan of Tabriz. - After him

became the seat of the Persian

crown prince A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The female form of the title is crown princess, which may refer either to an heiress apparent or, especially in earlier times, to the wif ...

of the

who also was acting governor of Azerbaijan.

Line of Amir Aslan Khan Donboli

*Amir Aslan Khan (youngest son of Ahmad Khan), †1838, involved in the war of succession between his elder brothers, entered service of

, and became commander (''sardar'') in his army, fought in the Russo-Persian War (1826-28) for

between

and

, and 1824-1827 was made vicegerent (''vali'') of Fort Aq Saray, governor of Tabriz and governor of Khoy, later governor of

and Zanjan. He had issued: **Salman Khan (his son). He had issued: ***Hajji Qolam Ali Khan entitled ''Amin-e Divan'' (lit. "Trustworthy of the Government", i.e. "supreme judge") by

Naser al-Din Shah Naser al-Din Shah Qajar ( fa, ناصرالدین‌شاه قاجار; 16 July 1831 – 1 May 1896) was the fourth Shah of Qajar Iran from 5 September 1848 to 1 May 1896 when he was assassinated. He was the son of Mohammad Shah Qajar and Malek ...

, 1882 governor of Khoy ****Mohammad Esmail Khan ****Mohammad Zaman Khan called "Safar Khan" ***** Amanollah Khan Zia' os-Soltan, he married Princess Malekeh Afagh Khanom Qajar, daughter of Bahman Mirza ****Abbas Ali Khan ****Kalb Ali Khan ****Asgar Khan.; Mahboub Mahdaviyan and Sakineh Mahdaviyan: ''Donboli, the ruling Tribe in Khoy'', Adv. Environ. Biol., 8(12), 1285-1290, 2014, (the internet, 2015); Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajar: ''Life at the Court of the Early Qajar Shahs'', transl. and edit. from "Tarikh-e 'Azodi" by Soltan Ahmad Mirza 'Azod al-Dowleh, Mage Publishers, Washington 2014, pp. 140 ff.;The Donboli Family page, http://www.donboli.info/mashahir.htm, internet 2015.

References

Sources

* M.-J. Rǖbayānī, “Emārat wa farmān-ravaʾī-e Donbolīān dar Tabrīz wa manāṭeq-e arbaʿa,” in Majmūʿa-ye soḵan-rānīhā-ye šešomīn kongera-ye taḥqīqāt-e īrānī II, Tabrīz, 1357 Š./1978, pp. 352–77. * ʿAbd-al-ʿAzīz Jawāher-al-Kalām “Omarā-ye Danābela dar Ḵoy wa Āḏarbāyjān,” in Āṯār al-Šīʿa al-emāmīya, Tehrān, 1307 Š./1928, pp. 205–17. * ʿAbd-al-Razzāq Beg Donbolī, Tajrebat al-aḥrār wa taslīat al-abrār, 2 vols., Tabrīz,ed. Ḥ. Qāżī Ṭabāṭabāʾī, 1349-50 Š./1970-71. * J. R. Perry, Karim Khan Zand, Chicago, 1979. * E. Pakravan, Abbas Mirza. Un prince réformateur, Tehran, 1337 Š./1958. * https://web.archive.org/web/20130619134312/http://donboli.com/ {{Kurdish tribes Kurdish tribes History of Tabriz