Donald Lothrop Garfield (May 4, 1924 — April 8, 1996) was a prominent American

Anglo-Catholic Anglo-Catholicism comprises beliefs and practices that emphasise the Catholic heritage and identity of the various Anglican churches. The term was coined in the early 19th century, although movements emphasising the Catholic nature of Anglican ...

priest and liturgist during the twentieth century. Garfield was born in

Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As part of the Boston metropolitan area, the cities population of the 2020 U.S. census was 118,403, making it the fourth most populous city in the state, behind Boston, ...

. His undergraduate studies were interrupted for two years by service in the

United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...

as a communications officer on

Okinawa is a prefecture of Japan. Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan, has a population of 1,457,162 (as of 2 February 2020) and a geographic area of 2,281 km2 (880 sq mi). Naha is the capital and largest city ...

during the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

. Following degrees at

Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher le ...

(BA, 1946) and the

General Theological Seminary The General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church (GTS) is an Episcopal seminary in New York City. Founded in 1817, GTS is the oldest seminary of the Episcopal Church and the longest continuously operating Seminary in the Anglican Communi ...

in New York (STB, 1949), he was ordained to the priesthood in April 1950 by Bishop Oliver Leland Loring of the

Episcopal Diocese of Maine The Episcopal Diocese of Maine is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America and encompasses the entire State of Maine. It is part of the Province of New England — Province I of the ECUSA. The Diocese has 57 year-round c ...

. Garfield is notable primarily for his advocacy of the principles of the

Liturgical Movement The Liturgical Movement was a 19th-century and 20th-century movement of scholarship for the reform of worship. It began in the Catholic Church and spread to many other Christian churches including the Anglican Communion, Lutheran and some other Pro ...

in the Episcopal Church, and for his work on the committee that revised the 1928

Book of Common Prayer The ''Book of Common Prayer'' (BCP) is the name given to a number of related prayer books used in the Anglican Communion and by other Christian churches historically related to Anglicanism. The original book, published in 1549 in the reign ...

(BCP). Despite no degree in liturgical studies, Garfield was a member of the Episcopal Church's Standing Liturgical Commission from 1967 to 1976. He was the author of the 1979 BCP's Rite One Eucharistic Prayer II, "Alternative Form of the Great Thanksgiving," (pages 340–343). He was curate at

Mount Calvary Church Mount Calvary Church is a Catholic parish located in the Seton Hill neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland. The church was founded in 1842 as a mission congregation within the Episcopal Church and is now a community within the Personal Ordinariate ...

, Baltimore from 1949 to 1954 and at the Church of the Ascension and St Agnes in Washington DC from 1954 to 1958. His most significant national role was as rector of the Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Times Square, from 1965 to 1978, when the parish's liturgical usage was an acknowledged important standard for international Anglo-Catholicism. Garfield notably changed parish practice away from the model of a "non-communicating High Mass" at which only the celebrant had received Holy Communion during the principal service from approximately 1868 to 1965. He also presided over the parish's 1968 centenary celebrations, and organized a 1975 service at which Episcopalians and Orthodox Christians received communion simultaneously. He was an associate priest from 1980 to 1990 at Grace and St. Peter's Church, Baltimore. Throughout his ministry, he was a vocal opponent of the

ordination of women The ordination of women to ministerial or priestly office is an increasingly common practice among some contemporary major religious groups. It remains a controversial issue in certain Christian traditions and most denominations in which "ordina ...

to the priesthood in the Episcopal Church, as cited in newspaper interviews beginning in 1974. Garfield was director of the St. Michael's Conference for Youth from 1962 to 1969; a trustee of the House of the Redeemer (a New York City retreat house); president of the Catholic Clerical Union (1970-1980); trustee of the

Cathedral of St. John the Divine The Cathedral of St. John the Divine (sometimes referred to as St. John's and also nicknamed St. John the Unfinished) is the cathedral of the Episcopal Diocese of New York. It is at 1047 Amsterdam Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood ...

from 1972 to 1979; and a trustee of the Frank Gavin Liturgical Foundation from 1973 until his death in Baltimore.

Bibliography

*''Ecce sacerdos magnus: The Archbishop of Canterbury at the Church of St. Mary the Virgin, New York, October 1, 1967'' (1967) *(editor and contributor) ''Towards a Living Liturgy: The Liturgy of the Lord's Supper Examined in Essays'' (1969) nthology of writings by Louis Weil, Robert E. Terwilliger">Louis_Weil.html" ;"title="nthology of writings by Louis Weil">nthology of writings by Louis Weil, Robert E. Terwilliger, H. Boone Porter, Edward Rochie Hardy, Jr., Leonel Mitchell, John Macquarrie, Robert Walters, James A. Carpenter, et al.] *(contributor) ''Raiment for the Lord's Service: A Thousand Years of Western Vestments'' (Chicago Art Institute, 1975) *''Worship in Spirit and in Truth'' (undated) *''Do This'' (filmstrip)

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''Ave''
parish magazine, 1932-2004
Garfields' grave
at

Mount Auburn Cemetery Mount Auburn Cemetery is the first rural cemetery, rural, or garden, cemetery in the United States, located on the line between Cambridge, Massachusetts, Cambridge and Watertown, Massachusetts, Watertown in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Middl ...

, Cambridge, Massachusetts {{DEFAULTSORT:Garfield, Donald L. 1924 births 1996 deaths American Anglo-Catholics Anglican liturgists 20th-century American male writers American Episcopal priests American male non-fiction writers Harvard University alumni General Theological Seminary alumni

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Further reading

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