Domingo Nieto (15 August 1803 – 17 February 1844) was a

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

vian Grand Marshal, forefather of the nation, and politician who served as the 19th

President of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), officially called the president of the Republic of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente de la República del Perú), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is th ...

between 1843 and 1844, officially as the President of the Government Junta and Grand Marshal of Peru. He also served as Minister Plenipotentiary to Ecuador. Nieto was born in

Ilo The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and ol ...

–

Moquegua Moquegua (, founded by the Spanish colonists as Villa de Santa Catalina de Guadalcázar del Valle de Moquegua) is a city in southern Peru, located in the Department of Moquegua, of which it is the capital. It is also capital of Mariscal Nieto Pr ...

in 1803, to a Spanish-Peruvian noble family bearing the title of "Counts of Alastaya", who were also of local noble blood directly descended from the

Inca The Inca Empire (also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire), called ''Tawantinsuyu'' by its subjects, (Quechua for the "Realm of the Four Parts", "four parts together" ) was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The admin ...

Huayna Capac Huayna Capac (with many alternative transliterations; 1464/1468–1524) was the third Sapan Inka of the Inca Empire, born in Tumipampa sixth of the Hanan dynasty, and eleventh of the Inca civilization. Subjects commonly approached Sapa Inkas addi ...

by marriage of his daughter Catalina Sisa Occllo to the Conquistador Pedro Ladron de Guevara, who is a direct ascendant of the family. As an aristocratic youth, he quickly became disenchanted with Spanish rule and took the cause for Peruvian independence at the age of 18. Being one of the few nobles at the time that participated directly in the wars of independence, he is a unique member of the "forefathers of the nation" pantheon in Perú. During his military and political career he was called "the soldier/quixote of the law" for having a reputation of defending the constitution against all odds and siding with the rule of law, which clearly separated him from his peers. He is historically Peru's most remarkable military strategist and victorious figure, his military achievements made him a General by the age of 29 and Grand Marshal of Peru by the age of 39, something never repeated again in Peruvian history. He is also credited with participating and being victorious in the last recorded "personal combat" in the

Battle of Tarqui The Battle of Tarqui, also known as the Battle of Portete de Tarqui, took place on 27 February 1829 at Tarqui, near Cuenca, today part of Ecuador. It was fought between troops from Gran Colombia, commanded by Antonio José de Sucre, and Peruvia ...

, with the Venezuelan commandant , assuming the challenge of deciding the fate of a battle in a single one-on-one combat. In his final years, he led, with

Ramón Castilla Ramón Castilla y Marquesado (; 31 August 1797 – 30 May 1867) was a Peruvian ''caudillo'' who served as President of Peru three times as well as the Interim President of Peru (Revolution Self-proclaimed President) in 1863. His earliest pr ...

by his side, the overthrow of the "Supreme Dictator"

Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco Iturralde (15 June 1806 – 16 September 1873) was a Peruvian politician and military leader who served as the President of Peru from 1843 to 1844. He was born in Lima, Peru. He led part of the Peruvian forces in the ...

, assuming the presidency of Peru after being elected by the provisional Government Junta (provisional congress) charged with the re-establishment of constitutional order. He died soon after in office, on February 17, 1844. Castilla succeeded him by election of the Junta.

Legacy

* In 1936, under Law No 8230, the newly created Department of Moquequa had one of its provinces named after him. * Through Resolution Nº12177 passed by the Peruvian congress, on December 24, 1954, he was declared National Hero and his remains were translated from Moquegua to the Pantheon of Heros. * Through Supreme Resolution Nº31 IGE/IM of September 19, 1949 the presidential guard was renamed in his Honor: the

Presidential Life Guard Dragoons Regiment The "Mariscal Domingo Nieto" Cavalry Regiment Escort ( es, Regimiento de Caballeria "Mariscal Domingo Nieto" Escolta de la Presidente de la Republica) is the Household Cavalry and Dragoon Guards regiment of the Peruvian Army since 1904, having bee ...

("Regimiento de Caballería "Mariscal Domingo Nieto" Escolta del Presidente de la República"). It was later disbanded in 1987 under order of President

Alan Garcia Perez Alan may refer to: People *Alan (surname), an English and Turkish surname *Alan (given name), an English given name **List of people with given name Alan ''Following are people commonly referred to solely by "Alan" or by a homonymous name.'' * A ...

. However, as of 2012, the regiment was brought back into active service under Ministerial Resolution No139-2012/DE/EP signed by current incumbent president Ollanta Humala. In the years between, it served as an armored regiment. * A military academy of the Peruvian Army in the Province of Ilio, State of Moquegua was named after him.

Bibliography

* Basadre, Jorge: ''Historia de la República del Perú. 1822 – 1933'', Octava Edición, corregida y aumentada. Tomos 1, 2 y 3. Editada por el Diario "La República" de Lima y la Universidad "Ricardo Palma". Impreso en Santiago de Chile, 1998. * Chirinos Soto, Enrique: ''Historia de la República (1821–1930)''. Tomo I. Desde San Martín hasta Augusto B. Leguía. Lima, AFA Editores Importadores S.A, 1985. * Tauro del Pino, Alberto: ''Enciclopedia Ilustrada del Perú.'' Tercera Edición. Tomo 11. MEN/OJE. Lima, PEISA, 2001. , , * Vargas Ugarte, Rubén: ''Historia General del Perú''. Sétimo y Octavo Tomo. Primera Edición. Editor Carlos Milla Batres. Lima, Perú, 1971. * Varios autores: ''Grandes Forjadores del Perú''. Lima, Lexus Editores, 2000. {{DEFAULTSORT:Nieto, Domingo 1803 births 1844 deaths Presidents of Peru Marshals of Peru