Disocactus Crenatus

''Disocactus crenatus'', the crenate orchid cactus, is a species of cactus and one of the most important parents in creating the epiphyllum hybrids commonly cultivated throughout the world. It is cultivated for its large white flowers.

Description

''D. crenatus'' subsp. ''crenatus''

The stem is erect to ascending, profusely branched, primary stems terete (tapering at both ends) or 3-angled for a short portion at base, becoming ligneous (woody), flat at most of their length, secondary stems flat, flattened portions to 60 cm long, to 6–10 cm wide, stiff and rather succulent. The phylloclades are lanceolate to long linear, acute or obtuse, median nerve rather thick, margins deeply or coarsely crenate, lobes oblique; areoles at the bases of stems sometimes bearing hairs or small bristles, internodes (plant stem part between nodes) narrow or broad. The Epidermis is green or gray-green and smooth.

The flowers are up to 18–29 cm long and 15–20 cm wide. The species is nocturnal, but may remain open for several days, becoming quite fragrant. The outer tepals are inserted within 2 cm of receptacle apex, 10–12 cm long, broadly oblanceolate to linear, greenish yellow to tawny yellow or reddish amber. The outermost tepals are sometimes margined in red or streaked. The inner tepals are as long as outer tepals, spathulate to oblanceolate, acuminate to mucronate, white, creamy white or greenish yellow. The Pericarpel (hypanthium) is 5-angled, 3 cm long, 1.5-1.7 cm thick, with acute, long-decurrent podaria, bracteoles (small bracts) subtening (2-8) spines up to 7 mm long, and green in color. The receptacle is 10–12 cm long, about 1.5cm thick at its middle, and green (or often reddish) at apex, or reddish throughout. It bears numerous linear to oblong keeled bracleoles. The bracleoles are 2–3 cm long and appear in a spread formation. The nectaries are about 3–4 cm long, stamens numerous, declinate, shorter than the tepals, inserted in two zones the lower one ca 4 cm long, from a point ca 4 cm from the ovary chamber, the upper zone forming a throat circle ca 2 cm above, filaments 5–7 cm long, pale yellow or pale greenish-yellow; style 15–20 cm long, as long or longer than stamens, 2–3 mm thick, widest at base. The 8 or 9 stigma lobes are white and papillose (nipple-like). The fruit is oblong to globose (globe-shaped), the podaria are long, decurrent, and acute.

''D. crenatus'' subsp. ''kimnachii''

This subspecies differs from the typical variety by: stems 4–6 cm wide, lobes usually semicircular; pericarpel and receptacle subterete (tapering at the bottom) in cross-section; pericarpel with subconical (somewhat cone shaped at the bottom) or obtuse, shortly decurrent podaria and with bracteoles subtending ca 6 (0-20) spines up to 12 mm long; outer tepals usually inserted within 4–8 cm of tube apex; fruit globose, the podaria short and decurrent, and obtuse.

Taxonomy

The epithet ''crenatus'' denotes crenations (wavy-toothed) and refers to the crenated stem margins. The subspecies epithet ''kimnachii'' honours Myron Kimnach (1922-2018), a botanist mainly working with epiphytic cacti and Crassulaceae, and for many years working at the University of California, Berkeley and Huntington Gardens. Kimnach was director of the Huntington Botanical Gardens for 25 years. He also edited the Cactus and Succulent Journal for the Cactus and Succulent Society of America and was Managing Editor of its peer-reviewed technical yearbook, ''Haseltonia'' for ten years.

This species is distinct. The flowers of ''Epiphyllum grandilobum'' are similar but the stem morphology is quite different. Relationships and generic limits in the tribe Hylocereeae have long been unclear. A molecular phylogenetic study in 2016 showed that this species, which was then placed in the genus ''Epiphyllum,'' was firmly nested within ''Disocactus''.

Distribution and habitat

From Mexico (Oaxaca & Chiapas) to Honduras. Epiphytic (grows upon another plant) or lithophytic (grows on rocks) in moist or wet forests, sometimes in oak forests. 1.750 m alt. or less.

Cultivation

This species was shown at an exhibition at the Royal Horticultural Society's Garden in 1844 and won highest medal for a new introduction. It had been collected in Honduras five years earlier by Georges Ule Skinner and sent to Sir Charles Lemon who flowered it for the first time in 1843. John Lindley thought it to have originated in the island of Antigua. D. crenatus is the only species of ''Disocactus'' that has been used in hybridization to any extent. Most of the colored hybrids have mainly ''Disocactus'' genes and are perhaps better referred to as ''Disocactus'' hybrids rather than epiphyllum hybrids.

It is an easily cultivated, fast growing epiphyte. It needs compost containing plenty of humus and sufficient moisture in summer. Should not be kept under 12 °C (53.5 °F) in winter. Can be grown in semi-shade or full sun. Extra light in the early spring will stimulate budding. Flowers in late spring or early summer.

The cultivar 'Cooperi' resembles ''D. crenatus'' subsp. ''kimnachii'', differing only in having the outer petals at the apex of the tube. It was originally reported that 'Cooperi' was a hybrid involving '' Selenicereus'', and Clive Innes stated that he "re-made" the cross between ''D. crenatus'' and '' Selenicereus grandiflorus'', obtaining several plants identical with 'Cooperi'. However, it was shown in 1997 that this was not correct, DNA analysis showing no evidence of ''Selenicereus''.Metz, Fröhlich, Kimnach & Meyerowitz (1997), article in '' Haseltonia''.

References

* Anderson, E. F. 2001. ''The cactus family''. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, USA.

International Plant Names Index

{{Taxonbar, from=Q139909

Night-blooming plants
crenatus
Cacti of Mexico
Epiphytes