Discography is the study and cataloging of published

sound recordings Sound recording and reproduction is the electrical, Mechanical system, mechanical, electronic, or digital inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects. The two main classes of ...

, often by specified artists or within identified

music genre A music genre is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions. It is to be distinguished from ''musical form'' and musical style, although in practice these terms are some ...

s. The exact information included varies depending on the type and scope of the discography, but a discography entry for a specific recording will often list such details as the names of the artists involved, the time and place of the recording, the title of the piece performed, release dates, chart positions, and sales figures.Roy Shuker.
Popular Music: The Key Concepts
'. Routledge, 2005. 80. A discography can also refer to the recordings catalogue of an individual artist, group, or orchestra. This is distinct from a sessionography, which is a catalogue of

recording sessions The term studio recording means any recording made in a studio, as opposed to a live recording, which is usually made in a concert venue or a theatre, with an audience attending the performance. Studio cast recordings In the case of Broadway musi ...

, rather than a catalogue of the records, in whatever medium, that are made from those recordings. The two are sometimes confused, especially in

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a major ...

, as specific release dates for jazz records are often difficult to ascertain, and session dates are substituted as a means of organizing an artist's catalogue. Another, more recent, definition of discography refers to a collection of musical recordings by a performer or composer, considered as a body of work. For instance, all studio

album An album is a collection of audio recordings issued on compact disc (CD), Phonograph record, vinyl, audio tape, or another medium such as Digital distribution#Music, digital distribution. Albums of recorded sound were developed in the early ...

s by a performer could collectively be considered their discography. The term "discography" was popularized in the 1930s by collectors of jazz records. Jazz fans did research and self-published discographies about when jazz records were made and what musicians were on the records, as record companies did not commonly include that information on or with the records at that time. Two early jazz discographies were ''Rhythm on Record'' by

Hilton Schleman Hilton Roy Schleman (1905 – 10 February 1952) was an English publicity agent and author who wrote several book collections on jazz music. Schleman was a record company publicity agent for United Artists in London. His book ''Rhythm on Record: A ...

and ''Hot Discography'' by

Charles Delaunay Charles Delaunay (18 January 1911 – 16 February 1988) was a French author, jazz expert, co-founder and long-term leader of the Hot Club de France. Biography Born in Vineuil-Saint-Firmin, Oise, the son of painters Robert Delaunay and Sonia Del ...

. A compilation of a performer's piano rolls is called a "rollography."

Notable books of discography

The following books list detailed information on the complete discographies of specific record labels, music scenes or genres. *Allen, Walter C. - Hendersonia: The Music of Fletcher Henderson and his Musicians, A Bio-discography, Jazz Monographs No. 4, Highland Park, N.J.: Walter C. Allen, 1973. *Andrews, Frank - Columbia 10" records, 1904-30. ondon City of London Phonograph and Gramophone Society, 1985 *Arnold, Claude Graveley - The Orchestra on Record, 1896-1926: An Encyclopedia of Orchestral Recordings Made by the Acoustical Process,

Greenwood Press Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. (GPG), also known as ABC-Clio/Greenwood (stylized ABC-CLIO/Greenwood), is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-Clio. Established in 1967 as Gr ...

1997 *Badrock, Arthur and Andrews, Frank - The "Cinch" Record (September 1913 - January 1916) ondon City of London Phonograph and Gramophone Society, 2000 *Badrock, Arthur - Tower Records (1920-1922) published by the author, Norwich, 2001 *Balacco, Thomas - Aussie Vinyl Record Guide published by Hardshell Publishing, 2016 - *Barr, Steven C. - The (Almost) Complete 78 r.p.m. Record Dating Guide. Second ed. oronto, Ont. S.C. Barr, 1980. 51 p. Without ISBN *Barr, Steven C. - Canadian and Canadian-U.S. Label Numerical Correlations f78 r.p.m. isc recordings. Toronto, Ont.: S.C. Barr1983. 4 p. *Bauer, Roberto - The New Catalogue of Historical Records, 1898-1908/09. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1947. 494 p. SBN (as found in the 1972 printing) 283-48420-9 *Brooks, Tim - Little Wonder Records, The New Amberola Phonograph Company 1999 *Connor, D. Russell and Hicks, Warren W. - BG On The Record; A bio-discography of Benny Goodman, Arlington House 1969 * *Daniels, Bill - Disc Dating Guide, 1940-1949. Oak Lawn Books, Providence, R.I., 1981 *Dethlefson, Ronald - Edison Blue Amberol Recordings 1912-1914, (2nd Edition) Stationery X-Press 1997 *Díaz-Ayala, Cristóbal - '' Encyclopedic Discography of Cuban Music, Vol. 1 (1898-1925)''. Florida International University, 2014. *Díaz-Ayala, Cristóbal - '' Encyclopedic Discography of Cuban Music, Vol. 2 (1925-1960)''. Florida International University, 2014. *Dixon, Robert M.W., John Godrich and Howard W. Rye - Blues & Gospel Records 1890-1943, 4th ed., Clarendon Press 1997. ''N.B''.: An informative narrative of blues recording activity is ''Recording the Blues'', by two of these authors, ''i.e''. Dixon and Godrich (London: Studio Vista, 1970, 85 amply ill. p.) *Emery, Marc - Jazz ndBlues Catalog. London, Ont.: City Lights Bookshop, a. 1978 ''N.B''.: Sale catalogue of a large and comprehensive collection of LP discs formerly held by a private collector; there are fairly numerous name and title spelling errors, but it constitutes a good brief-listed discography of the genre *Fagan, Ted and Moran, William - The Encyclopedic Discography of Victor Records vol. 1,

1983 *Fagan, Ted and Moran, William - The Encyclopedic Discography of Victor Records vol. 2,

1986 *Fancourt, Les and Bob McGrath - The Blues Discography 1943-1970, Eyeball Productions 2006 *Fancourt, Leslie
British Blues 1950s to 1970: A Selective Discography
self-published 2021. ''N.B.'' Foreword by Neil Slaven *Foreman, Lewis - ''Systematic Discography''. London, C. Bingley, 1974. 144 p. N.B. This is an instructional and style manual to aid its user in mastering or improving a researcher's discographical skills. *Guterman, Jimmy, and Owen O'Donnell - The Worst Rock 'n' Roll Records of All Time: a Fan's Guide to the Stuff

hat A hat is a head covering which is worn for various reasons, including protection against weather conditions, ceremonial reasons such as university graduation, religious reasons, safety, or as a fashion accessory. Hats which incorporate mecha ...

You Love to Hate! in series: ''Citadel Press Book'' 's'' New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1991. ''N.B''.: Annotated discography. *Haas, Lük - Discography of Eastern European Punk Music 1977-1999, Tian An Men 89, Strasbourg, France 2000. *Hall, Ron - The CHUM Chart Book: a Complete Listing of Every Record To Make the 'CHUM Chart' from Its Beginning on 27 May 1957 through 14 June 1986. Eticobicoke, Ont.: Stardust Productions, 1990. ''N.B''.: On front cover: "CHUM's

adio station Adio may refer to: Business *Adio (company), the former skateboard footwear and apparel company Music Songs * "Adio" (song), a song by Montenegrin recording artist Knez that represented Montenegro at the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 *"Adio", a 19 ...

dial 1050, Hit Parade". Without ISBN *Harris, Steve - Film, Television, and Stage Music on Phonograph Records: a Discography. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 1988. ix, 445 p. *Harrison, Max, 'et al''.- ''Modern Jazz: the Essential Records, 1945-1970, a Critical Selection''. London: Aquarius Books, 1975. 131, p. ''N.B''.: Subtitle combined from t.p. and a portion of the cover subtitle statement. This discography is annotated. *Jepsen, Jorgen Grunnet - Jazz Records, 1942-196x, Karl Emil Knudsen 1963-1970 *Jones, Mark - Bristol Folk: a Discographical History of Bristol Folk Music in the 1960s and 1970s, Bristol Folk Publications 2009 *Jones, Mark - The Famous Charisma Discography, The Record Press 2010. ''N.B.'' Forewords by

Michael Palin Sir Michael Edward Palin (; born 5 May 1943) is an English actor, comedian, writer, television presenter, and public speaker. He was a member of the Monty Python comedy group. Since 1980, he has made a number of travel documentaries. Palin w ...

and Chris Adams *Jones, Mark - The Saydisc and Village Thing Discography, The Record Press 2010 *Jones, Mark - Transacord: Sounds of Steam, The Record Press 2011. ''N.B.'' This was published with a free CD of examples from the Transacord archive *Jones, Mark - The Virgin Discography: the 1970s, The Record Press 2013 *Jones, Mark - The B&C Discography 1968-1975, The Record Press 2013. ''N.B.'' Nominated for a 2014 Association for Recorded Sound Collections excellence award (rock music discographies). *Jones, Mark - The Immediate Discography: the First 20 Years, The Record Press 2016. ''N.B.'' Winner of the 2017 Association for Recorded Sound Collections award for excellence (rock music discographies). *Jones, Mark - The B&C Discography 1968-1975 (expanded 2nd Ed.), The Record Press 2015. *Jones, Mark - The British Classical Record Industry, 1945 to 1959, The Record Press 2020. ''N.B.'' A finalist in the 2021 Association for Recorded Sound Collections excellence award (best historical research in recorded classical). *Jones, Mark - Blues from the Avon Delta: the Matchbox Blues Story, The Record Press 2021 *Kennedy, Ted - ''Canada Pop Weekly: the Record ccording to"R.P.M." agazine'' Kelowna, B.C.: Canadian Chart Research, 992? 595 p. *Kennedy, Ted - ''Charts Canada: "R.P.M." agazine the Record''. Kelowna, B.C.: Canadian Chart Research, 989 293, p. *Kennedy, Ted - ''Country Canada: the Record ccording to"R.P.M." agazine'' Kelowna, B.C.: Canadian Chart Research, 992? 437 oblong p. *Kennedy, Ted - ''Maple Music: the Record ccording to"R.P.M." agazine'' Kelowna, B.C.: Canadian Chart Research,

992 Year 992 ( CMXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Worldwide * Winter – A superflare from the sun causes an Aurora Borealis, with visibility as fa ...

572, 6oblong p. ''N.B''.: "'Maple Music' is rimarily listing of every song to enter the national top 40 pop record charts in North America with primary analysis on Canadian charts from 'R.P.M.' agazineand 'The Record'." *Koenigsberg, Allen - Edison Cylinder Records 1889-1912, (2nd Edition) APM Press 1987 *Ledbitter, Mike, & Slaven, Neil - Blues Records: 1943-1966, Oak Publications 1968 *Laird, Ross - Tantalizing Tingles A Discography of Early Ragtime, Jazz, and Novelty Syncopated Piano Recordings, 1889-1934,

1995 *Laird, Ross - Moanin'Low; A discography of female popular vocal recordings 1920-1933,

1996 *Laird, Ross - Brunswick records: a discography of recordings, 1916-1931,

, 2001. *Laird, Ross & Rust, Brian - Discography of OKeh Records, 1918-1934. By Ross Laird and Brian Rust. Praeger, 2004 *Legere, Bill - Record Collectors Guide of Country LPs. Limited ed. Mississauga, Ont.: W.J. Legere, 1977. 269, 25, 29, 2 p., perforated and looseleaf. Without ISBN *Legere, Bill - E ectricalT nscription: Transcription Library of Bill Legere. Mississauga, Ont.: B. Legere,

977 Year 977 ( CMLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * May – Boris II, dethroned emperor (''tsar'') of Bulgaria, and his brother Roman ma ...

3 vols., each of which is perforated and looseleaf. ''N.B''.: Vol. 1-2, Country Artists—vol. 2, Pop Artists. Without ISBN *Lyons, Len - ''The 101 Best Jazz Albums: a History of Jazz on Records'', New York: W. Morrow & Co., 1980. 476 p., ill. with b&w photos. pbk *Lyttle, Brendan - A Chartology of Canadian Popular Music, Part Two, 1977 to 1980. Record Research Services, Calgary, 980?*McDonald, Ian - British Railways on Vinyl: 1931 to 1989, The Record Press 2013 *Moody, Pete - Memphis Minnie: the Life & Recording History of the Great Female Country Blues Singer, Sunflower 1967 *Moody, Pete - Big Maceo: Chicago Blues Pianist, 1905-1953 - His Life & Recording History, Sunflower 1968 *Moogk, Edward Balthasar - Roll Back the Years: History of Canadian Recorded Sound and Its Legacy, Genesis to 1930. Ottawa, Ont.: National Library of Canada, 1975. ''N.B''.: In part, also, a bio-discography; the hardback ed. comes with a "phonodisc of historical Canadian recordings" (33 1/3 r.p.m., mono., 17 cm.) which the 1980 pbk. reprint lacks. (pbk.) *Moogk, Edith Kathryn - Title Index to Canadian Works Listed in Edward B. Moogk's ''Roll Back the Years, History of Canadian Recorded Sound, Genesis to 1930'', in series, ''C.A.M.L. Occasional Papers'', no. 1. Ottawa, Ont.: Canadian Association of Music Libraries, 1988. ''N.B''.: The t.p. and fore-matter also in French; supplements the index within E. B. Moogk's book. *Moses, Julian Morton - American Celebrity Recordings 1900-1925, Monarch Record Enterprises, 1993 *Palm, Jim - Railways on Record, Avon-Anglia Publications & Services 1980 *Propes, Steve - Golden Oldies: a Guide to 90s & 90s Popular Rock & Roll Record Collecting. First ed. Radnor, Penn.:

Chilton Book Co. Chilton Company (AKA Chilton Printing Co., Chilton Publishing Co., Chilton Book Co. and Chilton Research Services) is a former publishing company, most famous for its trade magazines, and automotive manuals. It also provided conference and market ...

, 1975. pbk. *Rockwell, T. Malcolm - Hawaiian & Hawaiian Guitar Records 1891-1960, Mahina Piha Press, 2007 *Ruppli, Michel - Atlantic Records,

1979 *Ruppli, Michel - The Savoy Labels,

1980 *Ruppli, Michel & Porter, Bob - The Prestige Label,

1980 *Ruppli, Michel - The Chess Labels,

1983 *Ruppli, Michel - The King Labels,

1985 *Ruppli, Michel - The Clef/Verve Labels,

1986 *Ruppli, Michel - The Aladdin/Imperial Labels,

1991 *Ruppli, Michel & Novitsky, Ed - The Mercury Labels,

1993 *Ruppli, Michel - The Decca Labels,

1996 *Ruppli, Michel & Novitsky, Ed - The MGM Labels,

1998 *Ruppli, Michel, Daniels, Bill & Novitsky, Ed - The Capitol Label Discography, Names & Numbers, 2007 *Russell, Tony - Country Music Records; A discography, 1921-1942, Oxford University Press, 2004 *

Rust, Brian Brian Arthur Lovell Rust (19 March 1922 – 5 January 2011) was an English jazz discographer. Career Rust was born in 1922 in Golders Green, then part of the Municipal Borough of Hendon in Middlesex. He collected records from the age of fiv ...

- The Victor Master Book Vol. 2, published by the author, 1969 *Rust, Brian - The American Dance Band Discography, Arlington House 1975 *Rust, Brian - London Musical Shows On Record 1897 - 1976, General Gramophone Publications 1977 *Rust, Brian - British Music Hall On Record, General Gramophone Publications 1979 * *Rust, Brian and Forbes, Sandy - British Dance Bands On Record 1911 to 1945, General Gramophone Publications 1987 *Rust, Brian and

Debus, Allen G. Allen George Debus (August 16, 1926 – March 6, 2009) was an American historian of science, known primarily for his work on the history of chemistry and alchemy. In 1991 he was honored at the University of Chicago with an academic conference hel ...

- The Complete Entertainment Discography from 1897 to 1942, (2nd Edition) Da Capo Press 1989 *Rust, Brian & Brooks, Tim - The Columbia Master Book Discography,

, 1999. *Rust, Brian - Jazz and Ragtime Records (1897 - 1942), (6th Edition) Mainspring Press 2003 *Smith, Bente - Cue Track: the Canadian Record & Tape Guide. French trans.

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by Inge K. Nielsen. First ed. Winnipeg, Man.: Cue Track, 1980. Without ISBN or ISSN *Sutton, Allan - Cakewalks, Rags and Novelties; The International Ragtime Discography (1894 - 1930), Mainspring Press 2004 *Tolley, Trevor - Discographical Essays, Seven Willows,

009 009 may refer to: * OO9, gauge model railways * O09, FAA identifier for Round Valley Airport * 0O9, FAA identifier for Ward Field, see List of airports in California * British secret agent 009, see 00 Agent * BA 009, see British Airways Flight 9 * ...

Web discographies

Notable online music databases include

AllMusic AllMusic (previously known as All Music Guide and AMG) is an American online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on musicians and bands. Initiated in 1991, the databas ...

Discogs Discogs (short for discographies) is a database of information about audio recordings, including commercial releases, promotional releases, and bootleg or off-label releases. While the site was originally created with a goal of becoming the la ...

(community-built),

freedb Freedb was a database of compact disc track listings, where all the content was under the GNU General Public License. To look up CD information over the Internet, a client program calculated a hash function from the CD table of contents and used ...

Gracenote Gracenote, Inc. is a company owned by Nielsen Holdings that provides music, video and sports metadata and automatic content recognition (ACR) technologies to entertainment services and companies, worldwide. Formerly CDDB ("Compact Disc Data Base ...

MusicBrainz MusicBrainz is a MetaBrainz project that aims to create a collaborative music database that is similar to the freedb project. MusicBrainz was founded in response to the restrictions placed on the Compact Disc Database (CDDB), a database for sof ...

(community-built) and

Rate Your Music Rate Your Music (often abbreviated to RYM) is an online collaborative database of music releases and films. Users can catalog items from their personal collection, review them, and assign ratings in a five-star rating system. The site also fea ...

(community-built).

References

External links

"Magnificent Obsession: The Discographers"
article by Jerry Atkins
The Encyclopaedic Discography of Victor Recordings
- a continuation of the two volumes listed in the bibliography *The Music Discographies at bjbear71.com - http://bjbear71.com *Budget Labels Article, regarding false discographic details on some
low-priced classical recordings
*The Discographic "Den of Horrors" relating to
Bruckner recordings
{{Authority control

Notable books of discography

Web discographies

See also

References

External links