In
telecommunication
Telecommunication, often used in its plural form or abbreviated as telecom, is the transmission of information over a distance using electronic means, typically through cables, radio waves, or other communication technologies. These means of ...
s, dirty paper coding (DPC) or Costa precoding is a technique for efficient transmission of
digital
Digital usually refers to something using discrete digits, often binary digits.
Businesses
*Digital bank, a form of financial institution
*Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) or Digital, a computer company
*Digital Research (DR or DRI), a software ...
data
Data ( , ) are a collection of discrete or continuous values that convey information, describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted for ...
through a
channel subjected to some
interference
Interference is the act of interfering, invading, or poaching. Interference may also refer to:
Communications
* Interference (communication), anything which alters, modifies, or disrupts a message
* Adjacent-channel interference, caused by extra ...
known to the transmitter. The technique consists of
precoding the data in order to cancel the interference. Dirty-paper coding achieves the
channel capacity
Channel capacity, in electrical engineering, computer science, and information theory, is the theoretical maximum rate at which information can be reliably transmitted over a communication channel.
Following the terms of the noisy-channel coding ...
without a power penalty and without requiring the receiver to know the interfering signal.
The term ''dirty paper coding'' was coined by Max Costa
[
] who compared the technique to writing a message on a piece of paper which is partially soiled with random ink strokes or spots. By erasing and adding ink in the proper places, the writer can convey just as much information as if the paper were clean, even though the reader does not know where the dirt was. In this analogy, the paper is the channel, the dirt is interference, the writer is the transmitter, and the reader is the receiver.
Note that DPC at the encoder is an
information-theoretic dual of
Wyner–Ziv coding at the decoder.
Variants
Instances of dirty paper coding include Costa precoding (1983).
Suboptimal approximations of dirty paper coding include Tomlinson–Harashima precoding (THP) published in 1971 and the vector perturbation technique of Hochwald et al. (2005).
Design considerations
DPC and DPC-like techniques require knowledge of the interference state in a non causal manner, such as
channel state information of all users and other user data. Hence, the design of a DPC-based system should include a procedure to feed side information to the transmitters.
Applications
In 2003, Caire and Shamai applied DPC to the multi-antenna multi-user downlink, which is referred to as the 'broadcast channel' by information theorists. Since then, there has been widespread use of DPC in
wireless network
A wireless network is a computer network that uses wireless data connections between network nodes. Wireless networking allows homes, telecommunications networks, and business installations to avoid the costly process of introducing cables int ...
s and into an interference aware coding technique for dynamic wireless networks.
[
]
Recently, DPC has also been used for "informed
digital watermarking
A digital watermark is a kind of marker covertly embedded in a noise-tolerant signal such as audio, video or image data.H.T. Sencar, M. Ramkumar and A.N. Akansu: ''Data Hiding Fundamentals and Applications: Content Security in Digital Multimedia'' ...
" and is the modulation mechanism used by
10GBASE-T
10 Gigabit Ethernet (abbreviated 10GE, 10GbE, or 10 GigE) is a group of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of 10 gigabits per second. It was first defined by the IEEE 802.3ae-2002 standard. Unli ...
.
See also
*
Cognitive radio
A cognitive radio (CR) is a radio that can be programmed and configured dynamically to use the best channels in its vicinity to avoid user interference and congestion. Such a radio automatically detects available channels, then accordingly change ...
*
Multiple-input multiple-output communications
*
Multi-user MIMO
Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) is a set of multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technologies for multipath wireless communication, in which multiple users or terminals, each radioing over one or more antennas, communicate with one another. In co ...
*
Palimpsest
In textual studies, a palimpsest () is a manuscript page, either from a scroll or a book, from which the text has been scraped or washed off in preparation for reuse in the form of another document. Parchment was made of lamb, calf, or kid ski ...
References
{{Reflist
External links
"Writing on Dirty Paper" the original publication by Max Costa
Encodings