Dirk Chivers (, last name occasionally Shivers) was a Dutch
pirate
Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable goods. Those who conduct acts of piracy are called pirates, v ...
active in the
Red Sea
The Red Sea ( ar, البحر الأحمر - بحر القلزم, translit=Modern: al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar, Medieval: Baḥr al-Qulzum; or ; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ ''Phiom Enhah'' or ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲓ ''Phiom ǹšari''; T ...
and
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by th ...
.
[
]
Early career
Dirk Chivers is first recorded as a crew member of the ''Portsmouth Adventure'', , under Captain Joseph Faro
Joseph Faro ( fl. 1694–1696, last name occasionally Farrell, Firra, or Faroe) was a pirate from Newport active during the Golden Age of Piracy, primarily in the Indian Ocean. He is best known for sailing alongside Thomas Tew to join Henry Every ...
(or Farrell) around January 1694. Soon after leaving Rhode Island
Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the List of U.S. states by area, smallest U.S. state by area and the List of states and territories of the United States ...
, Chivers saw action in the Red Sea
The Red Sea ( ar, البحر الأحمر - بحر القلزم, translit=Modern: al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar, Medieval: Baḥr al-Qulzum; or ; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ ''Phiom Enhah'' or ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲓ ''Phiom ǹšari''; T ...
as Farrell and Henry Every
Henry Every, also known as Henry Avery (20 August 1659after 1696), sometimes erroneously given as Jack Avery or John Avery, was an English pirate who operated in the Atlantic and Indian oceans in the mid-1690s. He probably used several aliases ...
successfully captured two ships in June 1695. On its return voyage to Rhode Island, the ''Adventure'' ran aground on Mayotte
Mayotte (; french: Mayotte, ; Shimaore: ''Maore'', ; Kibushi: ''Maori'', ), officially the Department of Mayotte (french: Département de Mayotte), is an overseas department and region and single territorial collectivity of France. It is loc ...
in the Comoro Islands
The Comoro Islands or Comoros ( Shikomori ''Komori''; ar, جزر القمر , ''Juzur al-qamar''; french: Les Comores) form an archipelago of volcanic islands situated off the southeastern coast of Africa, to the east of Mozambique and northw ...
. Chivers stayed behind with several others while Farrell and the others continued on with Every.
Chivers in the Red Sea & India
Chivers eventually signed aboard the 18-gun ''Resolution'' after being picked up by Captain Robert Glover near the end of the year. After several months in the Red Sea however, Chivers took part in a mutiny against Glover and had him and his 24 supporters placed onto the recently captured Arab ship ''Rajapura''. Elected captain by the crew after the mutiny, he had the ship renamed the ''Soldado'' which, during the next year, was successful in capturing a number of valuable prizes before joining up with privateer John Hoar
John Hoar (1622 – April 2, 1704) was a militia leader & Indian liaison in colonial Massachusetts during King Philip's War. He is best known for securing the release of Mary Rowlandson from Indian captivity at Redemption Rock. The event was de ...
.
Together they captured, and subsequently ransomed, two East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Southea ...
ships. However, the ships were burned when the governor of Aden
Aden ( ar, عدن ' Yemeni: ) is a city, and since 2015, the temporary capital of Yemen, near the eastern approach to the Red Sea (the Gulf of Aden), some east of the strait Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately 800,000 people. ...
refused to pay the ransom. one of the captured sailors, a Captain Sawbridge, was said to have had his lips sewn shut with a sail needle in response to his constant complaining.[
Chivers and Hoar sailed with four captured prizes into the harbour of ]Calcutta
Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, the official name until 2001) is the Capital city, capital of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal, on the eastern ba ...
in November 1696, where they demanded a ransom of £10,000 for their release sending a message to the governor stating ''"We acknowledge no country, having sold our own, and as we are sure to be hanged if taken, we shall have no scruple in murdering and destroying if our demands are not granted in full."''[
The governor of Calcutta disregarded their threats and sent out ten ships against the privateers and, as they appeared in the harbor, Chivers and Hoar fled without their prizes (burning two of them)][ and made their way to Adam Baldridge's settlement at Saint Mary's Island for repairs (dismantling ]Thomas Tew
Thomas Tew (died September 1695), also known as the Rhode Island Pirate, was a 17th-century English privateer-turned-pirate. He embarked on two major pirate voyages and met a bloody death on the second, and he pioneered the route which became kn ...
's old ship ''Amity'' for parts and supplies after capturing it from Hoar's brother-in-law Richard Glover) arriving in the summer of 1697 where the two parted company as Hoar sailed for the Red Sea. Glover was still there and asked them to return to America; Chivers offered to let him aboard if he'd continue piracy of Moorish ships. Glover refused and Chivers left him there, where Glover was killed in a native uprising.
Later career
In April 1698, Chivers captured an English ship, the ''Sedgwick'', and struck a deal with the ''Sedgwick''’s captain: He would be allowed to keep his ship if he agreed to supplying the privateers crew with rum.
In September, Chivers joined up with Robert Culliford
Robert Culliford (c. 1666 - ?, last name occasionally Collover) was a pirate from Cornwall who is best remembered for repeatedly ''checking the designs'' of Captain William Kidd.
Early career and capture
Culliford and Kidd first met as shipmates ...
(who had recently left William Kidd
William Kidd, also known as Captain William Kidd or simply Captain Kidd ( – 23 May 1701), was a Scottish sea captain who was commissioned as a privateer and had experience as a pirate. He was tried and executed in London in 1701 for murder a ...
) and Joseph Wheeler
Joseph "Fighting Joe" Wheeler (September 10, 1836 – January 25, 1906) was an American military commander and politician. He was a cavalry general in the Confederate States Army in the 1860s during the American Civil War, and then a general in ...
with his quartermaster Nathaniel North. Together Chivers, Culliford, Wheeler, and North captured the ''Great Mohammed'' along with £130,000. Taking command of his new prize, the ship was renamed the ''New Soldado'' (or the ''Soldado II'') and returned to Saint Mary's Island where they stayed at a settlement run by Edward Welch.
The following year, however, Chivers was forced to sink the ''New Soldado'' to block the harbor passage of Saint Mary's with the appearance of four British battleships in September 1699. Despite his efforts, he and Culliford eventually accepted a royal pardon (under the 1698 Act of Grace, in spite of its expiration) and arranged passage home on the merchantman ''Vine''.[ Several members of Chivers' crew returned to America separately, offering ]Giles Shelley
Giles Shelley (born May 1645 (?), died 1710, last name occasionally Shelly) was a pirate trader active between New York and Madagascar.
History
Shelley commanded the 4-gun or 6-gun vessel ''Nassau'' on supply runs between New York and the pirate ...
large sums to take them as passengers aboard his ship ''Nassau''.
Further reading
*Pennell, C. R. ''Bandits at Sea: A Pirates Reader''. New York: NYU Press, 2001.
*Rogozinski, Jan. ''Honor Among Thieves: Captain Kidd, Henry Every, and the Pirate Democracy in the Indian Ocean''. Stackpole Books, 2000.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chivers, Dirk
Dutch pirates
17th-century pirates
Pardoned pirates
1694 births
1699 deaths