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Directorio Revolucionario 13 de Marzo was a
File:José Antonio Echeverría Bianchi.jpg, Jose Antonio Echevarria. Dead on March 13, 1957.
File:Faure Chomón Mediavilla-DR-13-M.jpg, Faure Chomón.
File:Rolando Cubela Secades.webp, Rolando Cubela Secades.
File:Version flag of the Student Revolutionary Directorate.svg, Another flag used by the DR-13-M
Directorio Revolucionario 13 de Marzo was a Cuban
Cuban may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Cuba, a country in the Caribbean
* Cubans, people from Cuba, or of Cuban descent
** Cuban exile, a person who left Cuba for political reasons, or a descendant thereof
* Cuban citizen, a perso ...
activist group in the Cuban Revolution and Escambray rebellion. They attempted an assassination
Assassination is the murder of a prominent or important person, such as a head of state, head of government, politician, world leader, member of a royal family or CEO. The murder of a celebrity, activist, or artist, though they may not have ...
on Batista
Batista is a Spanish language, Spanish or Portuguese language, Portuguese surname. Notable persons with the name include:
* Batista (footballer, born 1955), Brazilian football player
* Dave Bautista, American actor and professional wrestler, also ...
, the dictator of Cuba at the time, in 1957.
History
The DR-13-M, at the time just called “Directorio Revolucionario” (DR), was founded in 1954 as a Catholic student group opposed to the Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista, defining its principles as political liberty, economic independence, and social justice. For a student group, the DR-13-M made military contributions to the Cuban Revolution by focusing on targeted plans. In 1957, the group coordinated an attack on Batista's Presidential Palace organised by DR-13-M leader José Antonio Echeverría, who died the same day in a related incident, and the opening of a second front in theEscambray Mountains
The Escambray Mountains () are a mountain range in the central region of Cuba, in the provinces of Sancti Spíritus, Cienfuegos and Villa Clara.
Overview
The Escambray Mountains are located in the south-central region of the island, extending a ...
, which was taken over by Che Guevara.
The death of Echeverría and other leaders led to the virtual collapse of the group, and its remaining membership largely joined the Escambray front under the leadership of the 26th of July Movement
The 26th of July Movement ( es, Movimiento 26 de Julio; M-26-7) was a Cuban vanguard revolutionary organization and later a political party led by Fidel Castro. The movement's name commemorates its 26 July 1953 attack on the army barracks on San ...
. After the death of Echevarría, the leadership passed to Faure Chomón
Faure Chomón Mediavilla (15 January 1929 – 5 December 2019) was a Cuban historian and politician. He was one of the founding members and leaders of the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil. After the triumph of the Revolution he joined Fidel ...
and Rolando Cubela Secades in the urban underground and the Escambray Mountain insurrection, respectively.
The DR-13-M's "Escambray Manifesto" of February 24, 1958 envisaged simultaneous urban and rural guerrilla warfare
Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which small groups of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or Irregular military, irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, Raid (military), raids ...
against Batista. It called for the restoration of the Constitution of 1940, and for social revolution, while attacking "those who only a few years ago supported the Nazis
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...
in the conquered lands of Europe". As the manifesto circulated throughout the island, the Escambray guerrillas gained strength.
Gallery
References
{{Reflist Cuban Revolution