'' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of ...

s and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known for timber, but less acknowledged for use in traditional herbal medicine. The genus has about 70 species, occurring in

South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.;;;;; ...

and

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...

, from

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

and

India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...

to the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

. It is an important component of

dipterocarp Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus ''Dipterocarpus'', is derived from Greek (''di'' = two, ''pteron'' = wing and ''karpos'' = fru ...

forests. Its generic name comes from

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

and means "two-winged fruits". The greatest diversity of ''Dipterocarpus'' species occurs on

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java Isl ...

, with many

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found els ...

to the island. The oldest fossil of the genus, and Dipterocarpaceae, is from the latest Cretaceous (

Maastrichtian The Maastrichtian () is, in the ICS geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series, the Cretaceous Period or System, and of the Mesozoic Era or Erathem. It spanned the interv ...

)

Intertrappean Beds The Intertrappean Beds are a Late Cretaceous geologic formation in India. The beds are found as interbeds between Deccan Traps layers. Indeterminate theropod and pterosaur remains have been recovered from the formation, as well as dinosaur e ...

of India.

Uses

The genus is of considerable importance as timber trees, sold under the trade name Keruing, although not as important as ''

Shorea Fruit of a ''Shorea'' species ''Shorea'' is a genus of about 196 species of mainly rainforest trees in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The genus is named after Sir John Shore, the governor-general of the British East India Company, 1793–1798. Th ...

'' species. ''D. turbinatus'', gurjan, is a major commercial timber species found in the

Andaman islands The Andaman Islands () are an archipelago in the northeastern Indian Ocean about southwest off the coasts of Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Region. Together with the Nicobar Islands to their south, the Andamans serve as a maritime boundary between th ...

. Gurjan wood is very important for making plywood.

Selected species

Species include: *''

Dipterocarpus acutangulus ''Dipterocarpus acutangulus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name ''acutangulus'' is derived from Latin (''angulus'' = angle, ''acutus'' = sharp) and refers to the ribs of the fruit calyx tube. It is native to p ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus alatus ''Dipterocarpus alatus'' ( th, ยางนา, , ; Khmer: ''chhë tiël ba:y, chhë tiël tük, chhë tiël thom''DY PHON Pauline, 2000, Plants Used In Cambodia, self-published, printed by Imprimerie Olympic, Phnom Penh or ឈើទាល (''c ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus applanatus ''Dipterocarpus applanatus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime S ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus baudii ''Dipterocarpus baudii'' is the accepted name of a tropical forest tree species in the family Dipterocarpaceae; there are no known subspecies. Description This emergent tree species grows up to 40 m high, with obovate-elliptic leaves up to 250& ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus borneensis ''Dipterocarpus borneensis'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is native to Borneo, Sumatra and Java. ''Dipterocarpus borneensis'' grows as a large tree reaching up to in height. It primarily occurs in lowland heath fore ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus bourdillonii ''Dipterocarpus bourdillonii'' is a species of large tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae endemic to the Western Ghats principally in the state of Kerala in India. It is a Critically Endangered species according to the '' IUCN Red List of Threa ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus caudatus ''Dipterocarpus caudatus'' is a species of plant in the evergreen or semi-evergreen family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Latin (' = tailed) and refers to the narrow acumen of the leaf apex. It is an emergent tree, up to 50 ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus caudiferus ''Dipterocarpus caudiferus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, endemic to Borneo. It grows as a large tree, up to in height. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests at altitudes up to . ''Dipterocarpus caudiferus'' is threa ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus chartaceus '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known fo ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus cinereus '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known fo ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus concavus '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known for ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus condorensis file:Dipterocarpus retusus - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-054.jpg, ''Dipterocarpus retusus, D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus confertus ''Dipterocarpus confertus'' is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species is named derived from Latin (' = crammed together) and probably refers to the indumentum. It is an emergent tree, up to tall. It is widespread in mixe ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus conformis ''Dipterocarpus conformis'' is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species is named derived from Latin (' = of a similar form) and alludes to the great similarity in vegetative characters with two other large-leaved ''Dipteroca ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus coriaceus ''Dipterocarpus coriaceus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae endemic to Kalimantan, Sumatra and peninsular Malaysia. This very large tree occurs in mixed dipterocarp forest Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and ab ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus cornutus'' *''

Dipterocarpus costatus ''Dipterocarpus costatus'' (Khmer language, Khmer ''chhë tiël niëng, chhë tiël bangkuëy, niëng daèng krâhâm''DY PHON Pauline. 2000. ''Plants Used in Cambodia''. Imprimerie Olympic, Phnom Penh) is a species of tree in the family Diptero ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus costulatus ''Dipterocarpus costulatus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It grows up to tall. Distribution and habitat ''Dipterocarpus costulatus'' is native to Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo and Sumatra. Its habitat is in lowl ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus crinitus ''Dipterocarpus crinitus'' (Indonesian: ''tampurau'') is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Latin (''crinitus'' = having tufts of long weak hair) and refers to golden-brown bristle-like hairs that ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus cuspidatus'' *''

Dipterocarpus dyeri ''Dipterocarpus dyeri'' ( Khmer: ''rôyiëng, chhë tiël pruhs, chhë tiël th'nô:r'',DY PHON Pauline, 2000, Plants Used in Cambodia, self-published, printed by Imprimerie Olympic, Phnom Penh local name Kompong Thom: ''chhieutiel chgor'', nam ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus elongatus ''Dipterocarpus elongatus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae found in Indonesia (Kalimantan and Sumatra), Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak) and Singapore. This large tree occurs in secondary and primary forest, as we ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus eurynchus ''Dipterocarpus eurynchus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The tree is found in Borneo (except Sabah), Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and the Philippines. This species occurs in mixed dipterocarp forest Dipterocarpaceae i ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus fagineus ''Dipterocarpus fagineus'' grows as a medium-sized tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Bark is greyish brown. The fruits are roundish to ellipsoid, up to long. The specific epithet ''fagineus'' is from the Latin meaning 'like a be ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus fusiformis ''Dipterocarpus fusiformis'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The tree is endemic to Kalimantan Kalimantan () is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. It constitutes 73% of the island's area. The non-Indonesian pa ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus geniculatus ''Dipterocarpus geniculatus'' is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Latin (' = with bent knee) and refers to the shape of the petiole. There are two subspecies; ''D. geniculatus'' subsp. ''genicu ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus glabrigemmatus ''Dipterocarpus glabrigemmatus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The tree is endemic to Borneo (Kalimantan and Sarawak). Range and habitat ''Dipterocarpus glabrigemmatus'' is known from five locations in Sarawak state of Mal ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus glandulosus '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known fo ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus globosus ''Dipterocarpus globosus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae endemic to Brunei, Sarawak and Kalimantan Kalimantan () is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. It constitutes 73% of the island's area. The non-Indones ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus gracilis ''Dipterocarpus gracilis'' (Tagalog: ''panao'') is a critically endangered species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. The species is found in Kalimantan, Bangladesh, India (the Andaman and Nicobar ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus grandiflorus ''Dipterocarpus grandiflorus'' is a species of flowering plant in the Dipterocarpaceae family. It is an endangered medium hardwood tree in South-East Asia and India. Its wood is used to produce good quality charcoal, paper pulp, and timber sold ...

'', the wood is sold as ''keruing'' timber *''

Dipterocarpus hasseltii ''Dipterocarpus hasseltii'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. This large tree occurs in lowland dipterocarp forest and is cut for keruing timber. It is found in Indonesia (Bali, Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra), Peninsular Malaysia, ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus hispidus ''Dipterocarpus hispidus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, endemic to Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus humeratus ''Dipterocarpus humeratus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name ''humeratus'' is derived from Latin (' = shoulder) and refers to the articulated petiole. ''D. humeratus'' is an emergent tree, up to 50 m ta ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus indicus ''Dipterocarpus indicus'' is a species of large tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae endemic to the Western Ghats of India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest count ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus insignis file:Dipterocarpus retusus - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-054.jpg, ''Dipterocarpus retusus, D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus intricatus ''Dipterocarpus intricatus'' ( Khmer: ''tra:ch(ត្រាច), tra:ch sa, tra:ch snaèng, tra:ch sra:'',DY PHON Pauline, 2000, ''Plants Used in Cambodia'', self-published, printed by Imprimerie Olympic, Phnom Penh Thai: ''yang-krat'') is a s ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus kerrii ''Dipterocarpus kerrii'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to the Andaman Islands, Sumatra, Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Laos, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. This species is locally common i ...

'', the wood is sold as ''keruing'' timber *''

Dipterocarpus kunstleri ''Dipterocarpus kunstleri'' grows as a canopy tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Bark is orange-brown. Fruit is ellipsoid, up to long. Habitat is mixed dipterocarp forest from sea-level to elevation. ''D. kunstleri'' is fou ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus lamellatus ''Dipterocarpus lamellatus'' is a tropical rainforest tree endemic to Borneo. It is known from the Beaufort Hills, the Siangau Forest Reserve and Labuan in SW Sabah and Ladan Hills in the Tutong district of Brunei Brunei ( , ), formal ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus littoralis '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known fo ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus lowii ''Dipterocarpus lowii'' is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. Description ''Dipterocarpus lowii'' grows as a large tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is chocolate-brown. The fruits are roundish, up to long. Distr ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus megacarpus'' *''

Dipterocarpus mundus ''Dipterocarpus mundus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, endemic to Borneo. The species is found in lowland mixed dipterocarp Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus nudus ''Dipterocarpus nudus'' is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. Description ''Dipterocarpus nudus'' grows as a large tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The crown is dark and dense. The fruit is ellipsoid, up to long. Distribu ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus oblongifolius ''Dipterocarpus oblongifolius'' grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Bark is greyish brown. The fruits are ovoid to spindle-shaped, up to long. The specific epithet ''oblongifolius'' is from the Latin meaning "oblong lea ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus obtusifolius ''Dipterocarpus obtusifolius'' is a common species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae found throughout Southeast Asia, including Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ) ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus ochraceus ''Dipterocarpus ochraceus'' is a tropical rainforest tree endemic to Sabah. It is known from the ultramafic Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rock ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus orbicularis '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known for ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus pachyphyllus'' *''

Dipterocarpus palembanicus ''Dipterocarpus palembanicus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. There are 2 subspecies: ''borneensis'' and ''palembanicus''. It is found in Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world a ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus perakensis '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known for ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpud pseudocornutus'' *''

Dipterocarpus retusus ''Dipterocarpus retusus'', commonly known as hollong, is a large tree and perhaps the best known species in the genus ''Dipterocarpus''. It is native to China, Vietnam, Philippines, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, and India.DY PHON ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus rigidus ''Dipterocarpus rigidus'' grows as a large tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Bark is rust-brown. The fruits are roundish, up to in diameter. Habitat is mixed dipterocarp forest on low hills near coasts. ''D. rigidus'' is fo ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus rotundifolius '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known fo ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus sarawakensis ''Dipterocarpus sarawakensis'', locally called the Sarawak keruing, is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, found in peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. It is locally common on leached sandy soils on low coastal hills. The species wa ...

'', locally called the Sarawak ''keruing'' *''

Dipterocarpus semivestitus ''Dipterocarpus semivestitus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, occurring in Kalimantan Kalimantan () is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. It constitutes 73% of the island's area. The non-Indonesian parts of B ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus stellatus'' *''

Dipterocarpus sublamellatus ''Dipterocarpus sublamellatus'' grows as a large tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Bark is orange-brown. The fruits are round, up to in diameter. It is found in a variety of now vulnerable habitats from sea-level to elevation. ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus tempehes ''Dipterocarpus tempehes'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Sout ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus tuberculatus ''Dipterocarpus tuberculatus'' ( Khmer ''khlông'',DY PHON Pauline, 2000, Plants Used in Cambodia, self-published, printed by Imprimerie Olympic, Phnom Penh Indian English ''gurjuntree''Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, 195 ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus turbinatus ''Dipterocarpus turbinatus'' ( Khmer ;DY PHON Pauline, 2000, Plants Used In Cambodia, self-published, printed by Imprimerie Olympic, Phnom Penh India ''gurjan'', ''gurjun'', ''gurgina''; Tagalog ; Chinese ; available at Efloras.org Malay langu ...

'', the wood is sold as ''keruing ''timber *''

Dipterocarpus validus ''Dipterocarpus validus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, endemic to Kalimantan, Sabah and the Philippines. The species is common in both primary and secondary forest, often occurring along rivers and in freshwater swamps. ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus verrucosus ''Dipterocarpus verrucosus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is native to Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. The species locally common on ridges in mixed dipterocarp forest Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 gen ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus zeylanicus ''Dipterocarpus zeylanicus'', commonly known as හොර - Hora in Sinhalese and සරල - Sarala or කිරිපලු - Kiripalu, is a species of ''Dipterocarpus'' that is endemic to Sri Lanka. A closely related Indian species is ''Dipte ...

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q232722 Malvales genera