The spottail pinfish (''Diplodus holbrookii'') is an

ocean The ocean (also the sea or the world ocean) is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of the surface of Earth and contains 97% of Earth's water. An ocean can also refer to any of the large bodies of water into which the wo ...

-going

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of li ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Sparidae The Sparidae are a family of fish in the order Perciformes, commonly called sea breams and porgies. The sheepshead, scup, and red seabream are species in this family. Most sparids are deep-bodied compressed fish with a small mouth separated by a ...

. It is also known as the Spottail seabream. Along with other members of their family, Spottail pinfish are occasionally eaten and considered by some to be a panfish.

Taxonomy and naming

The Spottail pinfish was described in 1878 by Tarleton Hoffman Bean, an

ichthyologist Ichthyology is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish, including bony fish ( Osteichthyes), cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), and jawless fish (Agnatha). According to FishBase, 33,400 species of fish had been described as of Octobe ...

who worked mainly on the

Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its cap ...

coast. He originally placed it in the

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

Sargus ''Sargus'' is a genus of soldier flies in the family Stratiomyidae. There are at least 130 described species in ''Sargus''. Selected species *'' S. albibarbus'' Loew, 1855 *'' S. aureopilosus'' McFadden, 1982 *'' S. beppui'' Nagatomi, 19 ...

'', but it was later moved to ''

Diplodus ''Diplodus'' is a genus of fish in the family Sparidae, found in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. Species There are currently 23 recognized species in this genus: * '' Diplodus annularis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (Annular seabream) * '' Diplodus argenteu ...

''. Bean named the Spottail pinfish after John Edwards Holbrook, a

zoologist Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...

who had died 7 years before.

Description

Spottail pinfish are almost totally gray in color, with a large, black spot on the

distal Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position pro ...

end of the caudal peduncle. This is similar to other members of its genus, ''

Diplodus annularis The annular sea bream (''Diplodus annularis'') is a species of seabream belonging to the family Sparidae. Description ''Diplodus annularis'' can reach a length of about , but usually it is approximately 13 cm long. Body is generally grey-si ...

'' and ''

Diplodus sargus The sargo or white seabream (''Diplodus sargus'') is a species of seabream native to the eastern Atlantic and western Indian Oceans. It is found from the Bay of Biscay southwards to South Africa, including Madeira and the Canary Islands, the Med ...

'' -though ''D. sargus'' has several vertical bars that the Spottail pinfish does not. Diplodus sargus01

Distribution and habitat

Spottail pinfish are exclusive to the western

Atlantic ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

. They can be found from

Chesapeake bay The Chesapeake Bay ( ) is the largest estuary in the United States. The Bay is located in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region and is primarily separated from the Atlantic Ocean by the Delmarva Peninsula (including the parts: the ...

to southern

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...

. Spottail pinfish are also known from the northern

Gulf of Mexico The Gulf of Mexico ( es, Golfo de México) is an oceanic basin, ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of ...

, but are not known from the

West Indies The West Indies is a subregion of North America, surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea that includes 13 independent island countries and 18 dependencies and other territories in three major archipelagos: the Greater A ...

. There are only questionable reports from

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

. Spottail pinfish are common to shallow waters (only as deep as 28m) near coasts, such as

bay A bay is a recessed, coastal body of water that directly connects to a larger main body of water, such as an ocean, a lake, or another bay. A large bay is usually called a Gulf (geography), gulf, sea, sound (geography), sound, or bight (geogra ...

s and harbors, though only rarely in brackish areas. They prefer flat, vegetated bottoms such as beds of

sea grass Seagrasses are the only flowering plants which grow in marine environments. There are about 60 species of fully marine seagrasses which belong to four families (Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae and Cymodoceaceae), all in the orde ...

, where they feed on a mixture of plants (such as Thalassia) and small

invertebrates Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordate ...

Behavior

Spottail pinfish

school A school is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is sometimes compuls ...

in small numbers, but generally mix with many other species such as the Porkfish,

Gray snapper The mangrove snapper or gray snapper (''Lutjanus griseus'') is a species of snapper native to the western Atlantic Ocean from Massachusetts to Brazil, the Gulf of Mexico, Bermuda, and the Caribbean Sea. The species can be found in a wide varie ...

, Bluestriped grunt, Sailor's grunt, and the Bucktooth parrotfish.

Fishing

Spottail pinfish readily eat several baits such as shrimp (live or artificial), squid, and clams. Usually they are a pest fish when trying to catch a larger fish.

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q2669616 spotted pinfish Fauna of the Southeastern United States Fish of the Gulf of Mexico spotted pinfish