Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral (; 21 July 1941 – 3 October 2019), known as Freitas do Amaral, was a
Portuguese
Portuguese may refer to:
* anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal
** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods
** Portuguese language, a Romance language
*** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language
** Portu ...
politician and law professor. He was
Minister of Foreign Affairs
A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...
from 10 January 1980 to 12 January 1981 and from 12 March 2005 to 3 July 2006. He also served briefly as
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...
in an interim capacity in the early 1980s.
Background
He was born in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal, the third but first surviving son of
Duarte de Freitas do Amaral
Duarte Pinto de Carvalho de Freitas do Amaral, GCIH, ComC KCSG; (13 May 1909 – 16 July 1979) was a Portuguese politician.
Background
He was the fourth of six children of Duarte do Amaral Pinto de Freitas and wife Ana Mendes Ribeiro de Olivei ...
and wife Maria Filomena de Campos Trocado, and the older brother of
João de Freitas do Amaral.
Career
He was a
Licentiate and a
Doctorate
A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''l ...
in Law specialised in
Administrative Law
Administrative law is the division of law that governs the activities of government agency, executive branch agencies of Forms of government, government. Administrative law concerns executive branch rule making (executive branch rules are gener ...
and
Political Science
Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and la ...
from the
Faculty of Law
A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In American usage such divisions are generally referred to as colleges ...
of the
University of Lisbon
The University of Lisbon (ULisboa; pt, Universidade de Lisboa, ) is a public research university in Lisbon, and the largest university in Portugal. It was founded in 2013, from the merger of two previous public universities located in Lisbon, th ...
, and a
Cathedratic Professor in the
Faculty of Law
A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In American usage such divisions are generally referred to as colleges ...
at the
New University of Lisbon
NOVA University Lisbon ( pt, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, ), or just NOVA, is a Portuguese public university whose rectorate is located in Campolide, Lisbon. Founded in 1973, it is the newest of the public universities in the Portuguese capital ...
and also a
publicist
A publicist is a person whose job is to generate and manage publicity for a company, a brand, or public figure – especially a celebrity – or for a work such as a book, film, or album. Publicists are public relations specialists who ...
.
He served as a professor in the Faculty of Law of the Lusófona University of Lisbon, where he taught and governed as the chair of the Economics of Public Law in Law degree, developing other teaching activities in the same college.
In 1974, some months after the
Carnation Revolution
The Carnation Revolution ( pt, Revolução dos Cravos), also known as the 25 April ( pt, 25 de Abril, links=no), was a military coup by left-leaning military officers that overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime on 25 April 1974 in Lisbo ...
, he was one of the Founders and
President
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
*President (education), a leader of a college or university
*President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
of then
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS), a Christian democratic party. He led this party till 1985, and again from 1988 to 1991. He served as a
Deputy
Deputy or depute may refer to:
* Steward (office)
* Khalifa, an Arabic title that can signify "deputy"
* Deputy (legislator), a legislator in many countries and regions, including:
** A member of a Chamber of Deputies, for example in Italy, Spai ...
to the
Assembly of the Republic (the Portuguese parliament) from 1975 to 1982 or 1983, and again in 1992 and 1993.
He was also a Member of the
Portuguese Council of State
The Council of State ( pt, Conselho de Estado, ) is a body established by the Portuguese Constitution to advise the President of the Republic in the exercise of many of his or her discretionary powers.
History
Although there are notices about the ...
(1974–1982).
In the parliamentary elections of 1979 and 1980, the
Democratic Alliance (of which the CDS was a part) won a majority and formed the government, in which Freitas served as Deputy Prime Minister or Vice-Prime-Minister and
Minister of Foreign Affairs
A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...
in 1980 and Deputy Prime Minister or Vice-Prime-Minister and
Minister of Defence
A defence minister or minister of defence is a Cabinet (government), cabinet official position in charge of a ministry of defense, which regulates the armed forces in sovereign states. The role of a defence minister varies considerably from coun ...
between 1981 and 1983. After the death of
Francisco Sá Carneiro
Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name ''Franciscus''.
Nicknames
In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed "Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Comunitatis'' (father of ...
, Freitas do Amaral was interim
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...
for a short period between 1980 and 1981. Between 1981 and 1982 he was also the President of the
European People's Party
The European People's Party (EPP) is a European political party with Christian-democratic, conservative, and liberal-conservative member parties. A transnational organisation, it is composed of other political parties. Founded by primarily Ch ...
.
He was a candidate in 1985 for the
presidency
A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified by a ...
in the
1986 presidential election. Supported by his own People's Party and by the
Social Democratic Party
The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology.
Active parties
For ...
, he established a commanding lead in the first round, but lost the second round by some 150,000 votes to
Mário Soares
Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL (; 7 December 1924 – 7 January 2017) was a Portuguese politician, who served as prime minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th presid ...
, who was endorsed by the two eliminated candidates.
He was
President of the United Nations General Assembly
The president of the United Nations General Assembly is a position voted by representatives in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on a yearly basis. The president is the chair and presiding officer of the General Assembly.
Election
...
(1995–1996).
A European federalist, he left the party he founded, disagreeing mainly with the
Eurosceptic
Euroscepticism, also spelled as Euroskepticism or EU-scepticism, is a political position involving criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration. It ranges from those who oppose some EU institutions and policies, and seek reform ...
line followed by
Manuel Monteiro and
Paulo Portas
Paulo de Sacadura Cabral Portas (born 12 September 1962, ) is a Portuguese media and political figure, who has, since the 1990s, been one of Portugal's leading conservative politicians. He was the leader of one of Portugal's right-wing parties, t ...
.
Always seen as a right-winger, Freitas do Amaral supported the
Social Democratic Party
The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology.
Active parties
For ...
in the
parliamentary election
A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...
of 2002. However, disappointed with the government performance, and critical of its support for the U.S. invasion of Iraq, Freitas do Amaral surprised many observers by announcing his support for the
Socialist Party
Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...
in the
2005 election. He was subsequently nominated for Minister of State and
Minister of Foreign Affairs
A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...
of the XVII Constitutional Government, led by the Socialist leader
José Sócrates
José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH (born 6 September 1957), commonly known as José Sócrates (), is a Portuguese politician who was the prime minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011. For the second half of 2007, he ...
. He resigned after a little over one year in office, citing health reasons and, as revealed to a newspaper, tiredness resulting from the many diplomatic trips taken.
He was also a Juridical Consultant of many companies.
He authored a biography of King
Afonso I
Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician languages, Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', dependi ...
and a play about
Viriatus
Viriathus (also spelled Viriatus; known as Viriato in Portuguese and Spanish; died 139 BC) was the most important leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted Roman expansion into the regions of western Hispania (as the Romans called it) or we ...
.
He also published a study of the actuality and reform of the prison system in Portugal.
Honours
*
![Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg)
Grand-Cross of the
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ( it, Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana) is the senior Italian order of merit. It was established in 1951 by the second President of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi.
The highest-ranking ...
,
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
(3 November 1980)
*
![St_Olavs_Orden_storkors_stripe](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/St_Olavs_Orden_storkors_stripe.svg)
Grand-Cross of the
Order of St. Olav,
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...
(3 November 1980)
*
![GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg)
Grand-Cross of the
Order of Merit
The Order of Merit (french: link=no, Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by K ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
(22 December 1980)
*
![PRT_Order_of_Christ_-_Grand_Cross_BAR](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/PRT_Order_of_Christ_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg)
Grand-Cross of the
Order of Christ,
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
(3 August 1983)
*
![PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Cross_BAR](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg)
Grand Cross of the
Order of Prince Henry
The Order of Prince Henry ( pt, Ordem do Infante Dom Henrique) is a Portuguese order of knighthood created on 2 June 1960, to commemorate the quincentenary of the death of the Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator, one of the main initiators of ...
, Portugal (9 June 1984)
*
![PRT_Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Cross_BAR](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/PRT_Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png)
Grand Cross of the
Order of Saint James of the Sword
The Military Order of Saint James of the Sword ( pt, Ordem Militar de Sant'Iago da Espada) is a Portuguese order of chivalry. Its full name is the Ancient, Most Noble and Enlightened Military Order of Saint James of the Sword, of the Scientifi ...
, Portugal (9 June 2003)
*
![Ordre_national_du_Merite_Commandeur_ribbon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Ordre_national_du_Merite_Commandeur_ribbon.svg)
Commander of
National Order of Merit,
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
(27 January 2006)
*
![EST_Order_of_the_White_Star_-_1st_Class_BAR](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/EST_Order_of_the_White_Star_-_1st_Class_BAR.png)
First Class of the
Order of the White Star
The Order of the White Star ( et, Valgetähe teenetemärk; french: Ordre de l'Etoile Blanche) was instituted in 1936. The Order of the White Star is bestowed on Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic ...
,
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...
(29 March 2006)
Personal life
He married in
Sintra
Sintra (, ) is a town and municipality in the Greater Lisbon region of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera. The population of the municipality in 2011 was 377,835, in an area of . Sintra is one of the most urbanized and densely populated ...
, Santa Maria, on 31 July 1965 Maria José Salgado Sarmento de Matos, born in
Lisbon
Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
on 13 October 1943, writer under the
pseudonym
A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individua ...
Maria Roma, daughter of José Sarmento Osório de Vasconcelos de Matos (
Moimenta da Beira
Moimenta da Beira () is a municipality in the northern part of Portugal, located in the district of Viseu. The population in 2011 was 10,212, in an area of 219.97 km².
History
Moimenta's history is fairly recent: Alfonso III of Asturias co ...
, 28 July 1909 – Sintra, 17 July 1992). They had four children.
In September 2019, Freitas do Amaral was hospitalized in critical condition at a
Cascais
Cascais () is a town and municipality in the Lisbon District of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera. The municipality has a total of 214,158 inhabitants in an area of 97.40 km2. Cascais is an important tourism in Portugal, tourist de ...
hospital.
On 3 October 2019, it was announced that Freitas do Amaral had died.
Electoral results
1986 Portuguese presidential election
, -
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left colspan="2" rowspan="2", Candidates
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left rowspan="2", Supporting parties
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right colspan="2", First round
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right colspan="2", Second round
, -
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Votes
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=%
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Votes
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=%
, -
, style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF66FF align="center" ,
, align=left,
Mário Soares
Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL (; 7 December 1924 – 7 January 2017) was a Portuguese politician, who served as prime minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th presid ...
, align=left,
Socialist Party
Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...
, align="right" , 1,443,683
, align="right" , 25.43
, align="right" , 3,010,756
, align="right" , 51.18
, -
, style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" ,
, align=left, Diogo Freitas do Amaral
, align=left,
Democratic Social Centre,
Social Democratic Party
The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology.
Active parties
For ...
, align="right" , 2,629,597
, align="right" , 46.31
, align="right" , 2,872,064
, align="right" , 48.82
, -
, style="width: 8px" bgcolor=red align="center" ,
, align=left,
Francisco Salgado Zenha
Francisco Salgado Zenha GCL (2 May 1923, Braga – 1 November 1993, Lisbon) was a Portuguese left-wing politician and lawyer.
As a student at the University of Coimbra, he was elected president of the Academic Association of Coimbra, bein ...
, align=left,
Portuguese Communist Party
The Portuguese Communist Party ( pt, Partido Comunista Português, , PCP) is a communist, Marxist–Leninist political party in Portugal based upon democratic centralism. The party also considers itself patriotic and internationalist,Portugue ...
,
Democratic Renovator Party
, align="right" , 1,185,867
, align="right" , 20.88
, colspan="2" rowspan="3",
, -
, style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" ,
, align=left,
Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo
Maria de Lourdes Ruivo da Silva de Matos Pintasilgo (; 18 January 1930 – 10 July 2004) was a Portuguese chemical engineer and politician. She was the first and to date only woman to serve as Prime Minister of Portugal, and the second woman to ...
, align=left,
Independent
Independent or Independents may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups
* Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s
* Independ ...
, align="right" , 418,961
, align="right" , 7.38
, -
, style="width: 8px" bgcolor=red align="center" ,
, align=left,
Ângelo Veloso
Ângelo Matos Mendes Veloso (1930-1990; ) was a Portuguese politician.
A member of the Portuguese Communist Party since the days of the ''Estado Novo'' (New State) dictatorial fascist regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, Veloso was imprisoned ...
, align=left,
Portuguese Communist Party
The Portuguese Communist Party ( pt, Partido Comunista Português, , PCP) is a communist, Marxist–Leninist political party in Portugal based upon democratic centralism. The party also considers itself patriotic and internationalist,Portugue ...
, colspan="2" align="center" , ''left the race''
, -
, colspan="3" align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9", Total valid
, width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 5,677,525
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00
, width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 5,882,820
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00
, -
, align=right colspan="3", Blank ballots
, width="65" align="right" , 46,334
, width="40" align="right" , 0.81
, width="65" align="right" , 33,844
, width="40" align="right" , 0.57
, -
, align=right colspan="3" , Invalid ballots
, width="65" align="right", 18,292
, width="40" align="right", 0.32
, width="65" align="right", 20,436
, width="40" align="right", 0.34
, -
, colspan="3" align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9", Total (turnout 75.38% and 77.99%)
, width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 5,742,151
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9",
, width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 5,937,100
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9",
, -
, colspan=7 align=left,
He left the race in favor of Salgado Zenha.
, -
, colspan=7 align=left, Source
Comissão Nacional de Eleições
Ancestors
Books
* ''
D. Afonso Henriques
Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French inf ...
biografia''. Lisboa: Bertrand, 2009
* ''
Camarate: um caso ainda em aberto : apelo de um cidadão''. Lisboa: Bertrand, 2010.
References
* ''Anuário da Nobreza de Portugal'', III, 2006, Tomo IV, pp. 862–873
* ''Costados'', Gonçalo de Mesquita da Silveira de Vasconcelos e Sousa, Livraria Esquina, 1.ª Edição, Porto, 1997, N.º 55
{{DEFAULTSORT:Freitas Do Amaral, Diogo De
1941 births
2019 deaths
People from Póvoa de Varzim
University of Lisbon alumni
Prime Ministers of Portugal
Foreign ministers of Portugal
Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly
Members of the Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
Candidates for President of Portugal
Permanent Representatives of Portugal to the United Nations
CDS – People's Party politicians
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 1st Class
Freitas do Amaral family
Ministers of National Defence of Portugal