Dimitrie Călugăreanu ()–December 17, 1937) was a

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

n physician, naturalist and physiologist. Călugăreanu was born in

Pomârla Pomârla is a commune in Botoșani County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Hulubești, Pomârla, Poiana, and Racovăț. The commune lies on the banks of the river Pârâul lui Martin. It is located in the northwest ...

Botoșani County Botoșani County () is a county (județ) of Romania, in Western Moldavia (encompassing a few villages in neighbouring Suceava County from Bukovina to the west as well), with the county seat at Botoșani. Demographics As of 1st of December 20 ...

; his parents were the possibly illiterate peasants Constantin and Glicheria. After obtaining a scholarship, he attended the natural sciences department of the

University of Iași The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University (; acronym: UAIC) is a public university located in , Romania. Founded by an 1860 decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza, under whom the former was converted to a university, the University of , as it was named ...

science faculty, from which he graduated in 1894. He then enrolled in the medical faculty of the

University of Berlin The Humboldt University of Berlin (, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany. The university was established by Frederick William III on the initiative of Wilhelm von Humbol ...

. In 1902, he received a doctorate in natural sciences from the

University of Paris The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated wit ...

, his thesis topic being research into

hemolysis Hemolysis or haemolysis (), also known by #Nomenclature, several other names, is the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma). Hemolysis may ...

through experimental physiology and

physical chemistry Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic and microscopic phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles, practices, and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mech ...

. He was an assistant at the University of Iași morphology laboratory from 1894 to 1897. Upon returning from France to his native country, Călugăreanu worked as a professor at

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ) is the capital and largest city of Romania. The metropolis stands on the River Dâmbovița (river), Dâmbovița in south-eastern Romania. Its population is officially estimated at 1.76 million residents within a greater Buc ...

's higher school of veterinary medicine from 1902 to 1905 and an associate professor of physiological chemistry at the science faculty of the

University of Bucharest The University of Bucharest (UB) () is a public university, public research university in Bucharest, Romania. It was founded in its current form on by a decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Princely Academy of Bucharest, P ...

from 1908 to 1919. Ciprian Teodorescu
''Academicieni ieșeni''
p. 71-2, at the Gheorghe Asachi Iași County library site Following the

union of Transylvania with Romania The union of Transylvania with Romania was declared on by the assembly of the delegates of ethnic Romanians held in Alba Iulia. The Great Union Day (also called ''Unification Day''), celebrated on 1 December, is a Public holidays in Romani ...

and the creation of the University of Cluj, he was professor of general physiology at the science faculty there from 1919 to 1926. He was faculty dean from 1919 to 1921, and university rector from 1921 to 1922. Dimitrie Călugăreanu (ed.)
''Anuarul Universității din Cluj pe anul 1921-22''
p. 187. Cluj, 1923, Institutul de Arte Grafice "Ardealul" While in this post, he expressed displeasure at the fact that

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

's authorities had recently opened universities at

Szeged Szeged ( , ; see also #Etymology, other alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat ...

and

Debrecen Debrecen ( ; ; ; ) is Hungary's cities of Hungary, second-largest city, after Budapest, the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain Regions of Hungary, region and the seat of Hajdú-Bihar County. A city with county rights, it was the large ...

near the Romanian border. He charged that the schools "do not aim at the propagation of culture, being rather centers for the preservation of Magyar chauvinism". From 1926, he worked at the Physiological Institute in Bucharest. Călugăreanu founded ''Știința tuturor'' ("Science for All") magazine in 1918. His research focused on neurophysiology,

hematology Hematology (American and British English spelling differences#ae and oe, spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to bloo ...

, mineral metabolism and respiration. Among the phenomena he investigated were nerve compression,

plasmolysis Plasmolysis is the process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution. The reverse process, deplasmolysis or cytolysis, can occur if the cell is in a hypotonic solution resulting in a lower external osmotic pressure and a net flow of wa ...

in cartilage cells, the electrical conductivity of plasma during coagulation, intestinal respiration in '' Misgurnus fossilis'', respiration in certain

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

genera ('' Limax'', ''

Helix A helix (; ) is a shape like a cylindrical coil spring or the thread of a machine screw. It is a type of smooth space curve with tangent lines at a constant angle to a fixed axis. Helices are important in biology, as the DNA molecule is for ...

'', ''

Planorbis ''Planorbis'' is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic animal, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family (biology), family Planorbidae, the sheep, ram's horn snails, or planorbids. All species in this genus have sinistral o ...

'', ''

Lymnaea ''Lymnaea'' is a genus of small to large-sized air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Lymnaeinae of the family Lymnaeidae, the pond snails.Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2013). Lymnaea Lamarck, 1799. ...

''), functional particularities of the silk glands of the silkworm and the effect of light upon

planarian Planarians (triclads) are free-living flatworms of the class Turbellaria, order Tricladida, which includes hundreds of species, found in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats.pp 3., "Planarians (the popular name for the group as a whole ...

s. He published his results in numerous books, studies and articles that appeared in scientific publications domestically and abroad. In 1920, he was elected a corresponding member of the

Romanian Academy The Romanian Academy ( ) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life. According to its bylaws, the academy's ma ...

. He was a commander of the Order of the Crown. He died on December 17, 1937. His son was the mathematician

Gheorghe Călugăreanu Gheorghe Călugăreanu (16 June 1902 – 15 November 1976) was a Romanian mathematician, professor at Babeș-Bolyai University, and full member of the Romanian Academy. He was born in Iași, the son of physician, naturalist, and physiologist ...

. Caius Iacob, "Academicianul Gheorghe Călugăreanu", in ''Gazeta matematică'', vol. 82, p. 41. Societatea de Științe Matematice din Republica Socialistă România, 1977

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Calugareanu, Dimitrie 1868 births 1937 deaths People from Botoșani County Romanian zoologists Romanian physiologists Romanian naturalists Romanian magazine founders Alexandru Ioan Cuza University alumni Academic staff of the University of Bucharest Academic staff of Babeș-Bolyai University Rectors of Babeș-Bolyai University Corresponding members of the Romanian Academy Members of the Romanian Academy of Sciences Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Romania) Academic staff of the Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy