A digital tachograph is a device fitted to a vehicle that digitally records its speed and distance, together with the driver's activity selected from a choice of modes. In Europe, it succeeded the analogue

tachograph A tachograph is a device fitted to a vehicle that automatically records its speed and distance, together with the driver's activity selected from a choice of modes. The drive mode is activated automatically when the vehicle is in motion, and ...

as a result of

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been des ...

regulation 1360/2002 that made digital tachographs mandatory for all relevant vehicles manufactured after August 1, 2005. Digital tachographs would be required as of May 1, 2006 for all new vehicles for which EWG regulation VO(EWG)3820/85 applies, as is published in the official newsletter of the European Union L102 from April 11, 2006.

Digital tachograph system

A digital tachograph system consists of a digital driver card, the tachograph

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, and a sender unit mounted to the vehicle

gearbox Propulsion transmission is the mode of transmitting and controlling propulsion power of a machine. The term ''transmission'' properly refers to the whole drivetrain, including clutch, gearbox, prop shaft (for rear-wheel drive vehicles), differe ...

. The sender unit produces electronic pulses as the gearbox output shaft turns. These pulses are interpreted as speed data by the head. The sender unit and head are electronically paired and the pulses from the sender to the head are encrypted, therefore deterring tampering by intercepting or replicating the pulse signal in the intermediate wiring. As well as automatically receiving speed data, the tachograph records the driver's activity selected from a choice of modes. The 'drive mode' is activated automatically when the vehicle is in motion, and digital tachograph heads usually default to the 'other work' mode upon coming to rest. The 'rest' and 'availability' modes can be manually selected by the driver whilst stationary. In Europe, drivers are legally required to accurately record their activities, retain the records and produce them on demand to transport authorities who are charged with enforcing regulations governing

drivers' working hours Drivers' working hours is the commonly used term for regulations that govern the activities of the drivers of commercial goods vehicles and passenger carrying vehicles. In the United States, they are known as hours of service. Within the Europ ...

. Regulation (EC) 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of March 15, 2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport and amending Council Regulations (EEC) No 3821/85 and (EC) No 2135/98 and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 3820/85
/ref> defines drivers hours.

Digital tachograph head models

* VDO DTCO 1381 / VDO DTCO 2.2 * Stoneridge Electronics SE5000 * Actia SmarTach * Efkon Efas 3 / Intellic Efas 4

Digital card types

There are several types of digital card, depending on the function of the card owner: * Driver cards are used by drivers to record driving information. * Company cards are used by operators to retrieve data regarding their employees from the tachograph head. It also allows a company to lock information so that it cannot be subsequently obtained by another operator. * Control cards are used by law enforcement agencies to retrieve data from the tachograph head. A control card overrides any company locks put in place by operators. * Workshop cards are used by authorised tachograph technicians to fit and calibrate tachographs.

Data storage

The activity information is stored in the tachograph head’s internal memory and simultaneously onto the

flash memory Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash, are named for the NOR and NAND logic gates. Both us ...

chip contained within the digital driver card whilst it is inserted into the head. A digital driver card is issued to an individual driver by a country's driving authority on application. In the UK this is the

DVLA The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA; cy, Asiantaeth Trwyddedu Gyrwyr a Cherbydau) is the organisation of the UK government responsible for maintaining a database of drivers in Great Britain and a database of vehicles for the entire ...

. Speed information is also stored, but only on the tachograph head’s internal memory. Speed data is stored in at least 1-

hertz The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second. The hertz is an SI derived unit whose expression in terms of SI base units is s−1, meaning that on ...

intervals, depending on the model of tachograph head. When either memory bank is full, the oldest data is automatically overwritten with the current data. Design specifications prevent data being altered or deleted, therefore ensuring the integrity of the data for subsequent analysis and presentation in a court case. Data can be locked in the tachograph head by using a company card. This ensures that the data cannot be retrieved by another company should the vehicle subsequently change ownership, or in the case or lease or hire vehicles that are used by many companies during their life. All data can still be retrieved by use of a control card or a workshop card. Data is stored as a .ddd file that can be imported into tachograph analysis software.

Comparison with the analogue system

Advantages of digital tachographs

The digital data stored by the tachograph system can be analysed by computer and infringements automatically identified. Digital data is encrypted and cannot be altered or deleted by the driver once stored on the card or in the head. Information is more explicitly defined in digital form and is less likely to be misinterpreted. When an analogue chart is visually analysed, a margin of error is present, dependent on the quality of the recording and the skill level of the analyst.

Disadvantages of digital tachographs

Without a digital card reader, computer and analysis software, the data can be more difficult to interpret as it is not visually represented as the analogue chart is, and requires mathematical calculations to decipher the information from its presented format. Some

Renault Groupe Renault ( , , , also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past has manufactured ...

branded tachograph heads can produce printed information in a graphical format, similar in appearance to the activity trace on an analogue tachograph chart.

References

{{Reflist Vehicle law de:Tachograph#Digitaler Tachograph