Diesdorf is a municipality (''Flecken'') in the district
Altmarkkreis Salzwedel
Altmarkkreis Salzwedel is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Gifhorn, Uelzen, Lüchow-Dannenberg in Lower Saxony, and the districts of Stendal and Börde (district).
History
The Al ...
, in
Saxony-Anhalt
Saxony-Anhalt (german: Sachsen-Anhalt ; nds, Sassen-Anholt) is a state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Lower Saxony. It covers an area of
and has a population of 2.18 million inhabitants, making it the ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
.
Geography
Diesdorf is situated in the western
Altmark :''See German tanker Altmark for the ship named after Altmark and Stary Targ for the Polish village named Altmark in German.''
The (English: Old MarchHansard, ''The Parliamentary Debates from the Year 1803 to the Present Time ...'', Volume 32. 1 F ...
about east of the border between Saxony-Anhalt and
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony (german: Niedersachsen ; nds, Neddersassen; stq, Läichsaksen) is a German state (') in northwestern Germany. It is the second-largest state by land area, with , and fourth-largest in population (8 million in 2021) among the 16 ...
, which between 1945 and 1990, was part of the
inner German border
The inner German border (german: Innerdeutsche Grenze or ; initially also ) was the border between the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, West Germany) from 1949 to 1990. Not including the ...
, and about southwest of
Salzwedel
Salzwedel (, officially known as Hansestadt Salzwedel; Low German: ''Soltwedel'') is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is the capital of the district (''Kreis'') of Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, and has a population of approximately 21,500. Salzwe ...
. The nearest major settlement in Lower Saxony is
Wittingen
Wittingen () is a town in the district of Gifhorn, Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about northeast of Gifhorn, and southeast of Uelzen.
Division of the town
Wittingen consists of 27 districts:
History
The earliest identified record of Wittin ...
at a distance of about . The surrounding countryside is characterised by
terminal moraine
A terminal moraine, also called end moraine, is a type of moraine that forms at the terminal (edge) of a glacier, marking its maximum advance. At this point, debris that has accumulated by plucking and abrasion, has been pushed by the front edge ...
s and sandy soils, which are mostly wooded. It was formed during the Saale stage of the middle
Pleistocene
The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological Epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fina ...
.
Aside from the eponymous village, the municipality consists of the following districts: Abbendorf, Bergmoor, Dankensen, Dülseberg, Haselhorst, Höddelsen, Hohenböddenstedt, Hohengrieben, Lindhof,
Mehmke
Mehmke is a village and a former municipality in the district Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous cou ...
, Molmke, Neuekrug, Peckensen, Reddigau, Schadeberg, Schadewohl, Waddekath, and Wüllmersen, as well as the smaller settlements Forsthof Vier, Kerstenberg, Römke, and Schinkenmühle. Waddekath is located immediately east of the former inner German border.
The climate is relatively dry, with an average yearly precipitation of 622 mm, lower values being registered in only 25% of the weather stations of
DWD
The () or DWD for short, is the German Meteorological Service, based in Offenbach am Main, Germany, which monitors weather and meteorological conditions over Germany and provides weather services for the general public and for nautical, avia ...
. Precipitation is distributed fairly evenly over the year, with a difference of 1.6 between the wettest month (August) and the driest (October) and lower variations being registered only in 4% of the DWD weather stations.
History
Megalith
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. There are over 35,000 in Europe alone, located widely from Sweden to the Mediterranean sea.
The ...
ic graves near Diesdorf, Molmke, and Schadeberg are evidence of the area having already been populated in the
Upper Paleolithic
The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. Very broadly, it dates to between 50,000 and 12,000 years ago (the beginning of the Holocene), according to some theories coin ...
era.
Diesdorf was first mentioned in 1112. The monastery ''Marienwerder'' of the
Augustinian Canons
Canons regular are priests who live in community under a rule ( and canon in greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by ...
, founded in 1161 by count Hermann of Warpke-Lüchow, had a major influence on the development of the village. After the
Protestant Reformation
The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...
and the
secularisation
In sociology, secularization (or secularisation) is the transformation of a society from close identification with religious values and institutions toward non-religious values and secular institutions. The ''secularization thesis'' expresses the ...
of the monastery in 1551, the administration of a
demesne
A demesne ( ) or domain was all the land retained and managed by a lord of the manor under the feudal system for his own use, occupation, or support. This distinguished it from land sub-enfeoffed by him to others as sub-tenants. The concept or ...
of the state of
Brandenburg
Brandenburg (; nds, Brannenborg; dsb, Bramborska ) is a states of Germany, state in the northeast of Germany bordering the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony, as well as the country of Poland. With an ar ...
and a noble women's convent were established in its place. Both were dissolved under the rule of the
Kingdom of Westphalia
The Kingdom of Westphalia was a kingdom in Germany, with a population of 2.6 million, that existed from 1807 to 1813. It included territory in Hesse and other parts of present-day Germany. While formally independent, it was a vassal state of the ...
in 1810.
After the return to
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an em ...
, Diesdorf and the Altmark were integrated into the Magdeburg district of the
Province of Saxony
The Province of Saxony (german: link=no, Provinz Sachsen), also known as Prussian Saxony () was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and later the Free State of Prussia from 1816 until 1944. Its capital was Magdeburg.
It was formed by the merge ...
, from which the country of Saxony-Anhalt emerged in 1947. From 1952 to 1990 Diesdorf was part of ''Kreis Salzwedel'' in ''
Bezirk Magdeburg
The Bezirk Magdeburg was a district (''Bezirk'') of East Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Magdeburg.
History
The district was established, with the other 13, on 25 July 1952, substituting the old German states. After 3 Octo ...
''.
Abbedorf and Waddekath were incorporated into Diesdorf on 1 January 1991 and Schadeberg followed on 1 November 1992. The formerly independent municipality of Neuekrug was incorporated on 1 January 2010, and the municipality of Mehmke on 1 September 2010.
The coat of arms was confirmed by the regional council in Magdeburg on 1 April 1997 and refers to the traditions of the Augustinian monastery and its role in the Christianisation of the area, symbolised by the black cross with golden borders, as well as to the location near the border of several lordships, symbolised by the rhombic pattern in the escutcheon which stands for a traditional border fence, but also for the pattern of the timber framework of the buildings. The oak leaves refer to the natural beauty of the countryside and the old oak trees along the monastery walls.
In 1998 the municipality was officially designated as a '' Flecken''.
A storage facility for natural gas was built in a salt dome near Peckensen and has been substantially extended in 2014.
Transportation
State road 8 between Wittingen and Salzwedel, part of tourist route
German Timber-Frame Road
The German Timber-Frame Road (German: ''Deutsche Fachwerkstraße'') is a German tourist route leading from the river Elbe in the north to the Black Forest and Lake Constance in the south. Numerous cities and towns each with examples of the vernacu ...
, passes through Diesdorf, and state road 11 to
Beetzendorf
Beetzendorf is a municipality in the district Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It consists of the following ''Ortsteile'' or municipal divisions:Apenburg, part of tourist route
Romanesque Road
The Romanesque Road (german: Straße der Romanik) is a scenic route in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt in central-east Germany. It is part of the Transromanica network, a major European Cultural Route since 2006.
Route
The route takes the ...
branches off in the centre of Diesdorf village. The railway lines to Salzwedel, Beetzendorf, and Wittingen were closed in 1993, 1973, and 1945, respectively.
Population and politics
Per the 2011 census, 41.1% of the then 2474 inhabitants were recorded as Protestants, 3.2% as Roman Catholics, the remaining 54.7% did not state any religion.
After the elections of 7 June 2009, of the 12 seats in the municipal council were distributed as follows: CDU 3 seats,
Die Linke
The Left (german: Die Linke; stylised as and in its logo as ), commonly referred to as the Left Party (german: Die Linkspartei, links=no ), is a democratic socialist political party in Germany. The party was founded in 2007 as the result of th ...
4 seats,
SPD
The Social Democratic Party of Germany (german: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, ; SPD, ) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Germany. It is one of the major parties of contemporary Germany.
Saskia Esken has been t ...
Diesdorf is home to what is claimed to be the oldest
open-air museum
An open-air museum (or open air museum) is a museum that exhibits collections of buildings and artifacts out-of-doors. It is also frequently known as a museum of buildings or a folk museum.
Definition
Open air is “the unconfined atmosphere†...
in Germany. Opened in 1911 by the local doctor, Goerg Schultze, the museum comprises more than 20 mostly timber-framed historical houses and farm buildings, as well as a
post mill
The post mill is the earliest type of European windmill. Its defining feature is that the whole body of the mill that houses the machinery is mounted on a single vertical post, around which it can be turned to bring the sails into the wind. All p ...
. At the same time as creating the museum, the doctor also set up an adjacent open-air swimming pool.
The church St Mary and Crucis of the former monastery has been built in
Brick Romanesque
Brick Romanesque (german: Backsteinromanik) is an architectural style and chronological phase of architectural history. The term described Romanesque buildings built of brick; like the subsequent Brick Gothic, it is geographically limited to N ...
style. Construction started in 1182. Its
neo-romanesque
Romanesque Revival (or Neo-Romanesque) is a style of building employed beginning in the mid-19th century inspired by the 11th- and 12th-century Romanesque architecture. Unlike the historic Romanesque style, Romanesque Revival buildings tended to ...
tower was added in 1863. ''Alte Darre'', the old brewing and baking house of the former monastery dating back to the 14th century, has been restored in the early 2010s and is used as the local historical museum. The monastery walls are largely preserved.
Several megalithic graves are found in the municipal area.