Diana is a region in

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

at the northeast part of the island. It borders the regions of

Sava The Sava (; , ; sr-cyr, Сава, hu, Száva) is a river in Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube. It flows through Slovenia, Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and finally th ...

to the southeast and

Sofia Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and ha ...

to the southwest. It covers an area of 19,266 km², and had a population of 889,736 in 2018. The regional capital is

Antsiranana Antsiranana ( mg, Antsiran̈ana ), named Diego-Suárez prior to 1975, is a city in the far north of Madagascar. Antsiranana is the capital of Diana Region. It had an estimated population of 115,015 in 2013. History The bay and city originally u ...

(previously known as ''Diego Suarez'').

Geography

Rivers

The main rivers of the Diana region are: *

Besokatra River The Besokatra River is located in northern Madagascar. Its sources are situated near Joffreville in the Amber Mountain National Park, in the Ambohitra Massif, it crosses the Route nationale 6 near Mahavanona and flows into the Indian Ocean ...

Irodo River The Irodo River is located in northern Madagascar. Its sources are situated in the Ambohitra Massif and flows into the Indian Ocean. Near Sadjoavato it formed the Tsingy Rouge, a stone formation of red laterite Laterite is both a soil and ...

Loky River The Loky River, also known as the Lokia River, is located in northern Madagascar. It drains in the north-eastern coast, into the Indian Ocean. It is crossed by the Route nationale 5a (Madagascar), RN 5a near Anivorano Nord, Anivorano du Nord. Its ...

Mahavavy River The Mahavavy or Mahavavy-Nord River is a river of northern Madagascar in the region of Diana. It has its sources at the Maromokotra peak in the Tsaratanana Massif and flows north to the Indian Ocean. The main city along the river is Ambilobe. It ...

Ramena River The Ramena River is a river of northwestern Madagascar in the region of Diana. It has its sources at the Maromokotra and is the main affluent of the Sambirano River The Sambirano is a river of northwestern Madagascar in the region of Diana. ...

Saharenana River The Saharenana River is located in northern Madagascar and crosses the Route Nationale 6 (Madagascar), Route Nationale 6 near Antananandrenitelo. Its sources are situated near Joffreville in the Ambohitra Massif and flows into the Indian Ocean. ...

Sambirano River The Sambirano is a river of northwestern Madagascar in the region of Diana. It has its sources at the Maromokotra peak and flows through the Tsaratanana Reserve to the Indian Ocean. Its delta occupies 250 km. The ecosystem of the river, ma ...

Protected areas and visitors' attractions

The following national parks, reserves and visitors' attractions are located in Diana: * Ambodivahibe New Protected Area * Andrafiamena Andavakoera New Protected Area *

Nosy Antsoha Nosy or Nosey is an adjective for a person who is overly inquisitive about other people's affairs. It may also refer to: __NOTOC__ Arts and entertainment * ''Nosy'' (album), a 2009 studio album by the Portuguese singer Gomo * "Nosey", nickname of ...

New Protected Area * Ampasindava New Protected Area * Galoko Kalobinono New Protected Area * Oronjia New Protected Area *

Amber Mountain National Park Montagne d'Ambre National Park is a national park in the Diana Region of northern Madagascar. The park is known for its endemic flora and fauna, water falls and crater lakes. It is north of the capital, Antananarivo and is one of the most biolog ...

Analamerana Reserve Analamerana Special Reserve (or Analamera) is a wildlife reserve in the north of Madagascar. The reserve was created in 1956 to protect its endemic plants and animals, such as the critically endangered Perrier's sifaka (''Propithecus perrieri''), ...

Ankarana Reserve Ankarana Special Reserve in northern Madagascar was created in 1956. It is a small, partially vegetated plateau composed of 150-million-year-old middle Jurassic limestone. With an average annual rainfall of about , the underlying rocks have been e ...

* Lokobe National Park *

Manongarivo Reserve Manongarivo Reserve is a wildlife reserve in the North-West of Madagascar in the region of Diana. Manongarivo is home to both the Sambirano mouse lemur and the Sambirano woolly lemur. Geography The reserve has a surface of 64,356 ha and is sit ...

* Tsaratanana National Park *

Nosy Hara National Park Nosy Hara or Nosy Hara National Park is an uninhabited limestone islet off the northwest coast of Madagascar. It is the habitat of Brookesia micra, the smallest known chameleon. Since 2007, Nosy Hara has been part of a Marine Protected Area Mar ...

Nosy Tanikely National Park Nosy or Nosey is an adjective for a person who is overly inquisitive about other people's affairs. It may also refer to: __NOTOC__ Arts and entertainment * ''Nosy'' (album), a 2009 studio album by the Portuguese singer Gomo * "Nosey", nickname of ...

* Ambohitr'Antsingy (Montagne des Français) New Protected Area * Ankarea New Protected Area * Ankivonjy New Protected Area *Part of COMATSA Avaratra New Protected Area *Part of COMATSA Atsimo New Protected Area *

Tsingy Rouge The ''Tsingy Rouge'' (''Red Tsingy'') is a stone formation of red laterite formed by erosion of the Irodo River in the region of Diana in northern Madagascar. It is situated approximately 60 km south of Antsiranana near the town of Sadjoavato ...

Administrative divisions

Diana Region is divided into five districts, which are subdivided into 51 communes. The districts are listed below with their 2013 populations:Institut National de la Statistique, Madagascar. *

Ambanja District Ambanja is a district in northern Madagascar. It is a part of Diana Region and borders the districts of Ambilobe to the east, Bealanana to the south and Analalava to the south-west. The area is and the population was estimated at 190,435 in 201 ...

- 18 communes; 190,435 inhabitants *

Ambilobe District Ambilobe is a district of Diana in Madagascar. Its capitol is the city of Ambilobe. Communes The district is further divided into 15 communes: * Ambakirano * Ambalan'anjavy * Ambarakaraka * Ambilobe * Ambodibonara * Ampondralava * Anabo ...

- 15 communes; 216,145 inhabitants * Antsiranana I District 1 commune; 115,015 inhabitants; the city of Antsiranana *

Antsiranana II District Antsiranana II (or: Diego II) is a district of Diana in Madagascar. It covers the rural municipalities around the city of Antsiranana, better know as Diego Suarez, or simply called Diego. Roads This district is crossed by the National road 6 ...

- 16 communes; 105,416 inhabitants; the rural area surrounding the city * Nosy Be District 1 commune; 73,010 inhabitants; the island of Nosy Be

Transport

* Seaports in

and

Nosy Be Nosy Be (formerly Nossi-bé and Nosse Be) is an island off the northwest coast of Madagascar. Nosy Be is Madagascar's largest and busiest tourist resort. It has an area of , and its population was 109,465 according to the provisional results of t ...

* 2 regional airports, Antsiranana Airport and Nosy Be Airport * 2 local airports in

Ambanja Ambanja is a city and commune in northern Madagascar. According to 2001 census the population of Ambanja was 28,468. Geography Ambanja is located on the northern berth of the Sambirano River and is crossed by the Route Nationale 6 (Antsiranana ...

and

Ambilobe Ambilobe is an urban municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ambilobe, which is a part of Diana Region. The town is the capital of Ambilobe district, and according to 2001 census the population was approximately 56,000. Geo ...

* The region is crossed by the paved

Route Nationale 6 The Route nationale 6 is a trunk road ( nationale) in France between Paris and the frontier with Italy in the Alps. Reclassification The RN 6 runs parallel for a long portion of its route to the A 6 autoroute. As a result, portions of the roa ...

(Antsiranana - Ambilobe - Ambanja) and the unpaved Route Nationale 5a from

to Iharana.

Economy

Fishery

is an important

tuna A tuna is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini, a subgrouping of the Scombridae (mackerel) family. The Thunnini comprise 15 species across five genera, the sizes of which vary greatly, ranging from the bullet tuna (max length: ...

fishing port. There is also a tuna canning factory. Other important fishery products are

shrimp Shrimp are crustaceans (a form of shellfish) with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – most commonly Caridea and Dendrobranchiata of the decapod order, although some crustaceans outside of this order are refer ...

(2.813.291 kg exported in 2002) and

sea cucumber Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea (). They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. Sea cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide. The number of holothuria ...

Agriculture

The main crops are: * subsistence agriculture: 75.510 ha (67% of the cultivated area):

rice Rice is the seed of the grass species ''Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice) or less commonly ''Oryza glaberrima ''Oryza glaberrima'', commonly known as African rice, is one of the two domesticated rice species. It was first domesticated and grown i ...

manioc ''Manihot esculenta'', commonly called cassava (), manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America. Although a perennial plant, cassava is extensively cultivated a ...

corn Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ...

bean A bean is the seed of several plants in the family Fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food. They can be cooked in many different ways, including boiling, frying, and baking, and are used in many traditional dishes th ...

sweet potato The sweet potato or sweetpotato (''Ipomoea batatas'') is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the Convolvulus, bindweed or morning glory family (biology), family, Convolvulaceae. Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting tuberous roots are used as a r ...

and

potato The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plant is a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern Unit ...

* cash crops: 21.560 ha (19% of the cultivated area):

coffee Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulant, stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is the most popular hot drink in the world. S ...

pepper Pepper or peppers may refer to: Food and spice * Piperaceae or the pepper family, a large family of flowering plant ** Black pepper * ''Capsicum'' or pepper, a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae ** Bell pepper ** Chili ...

, cacao and

vanilla Vanilla is a spice derived from orchids of the genus ''Vanilla (genus), Vanilla'', primarily obtained from pods of the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (''Vanilla planifolia, V. planifolia''). Pollination is required to make the p ...

* industrial crops: 15.420 ha (13% of the cultivated area):

sugar cane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fibrous stalks t ...

peanut The peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible Seed, seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, important to both small ...

s and

cotton Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus ''Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor perce ...

There are also important productions of

essential oils An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile (easily evaporated at normal temperatures) chemical compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetheroleum, or simply as the o ...

(mainly

ylang ylang ''Cananga odorata'', known as ylang-ylang ( ) or cananga tree, is a tropical tree that is native to the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Queensland, Australia. It is also native to parts of Thailand and Viet ...

but also

palmarosa ''Cymbopogon martinii'' is a species of grass in the genus ''Cymbopogon'' (lemongrasses) native to India and Indochina, but widely cultivated in many places for its aromatic oil. It is best known by the common name palmarosa (''palm rose'') as it ...

, vetyver and

basil Basil (, ; ''Ocimum basilicum'' , also called great basil, is a culinary herb of the family Lamiaceae (mints). It is a tender plant, and is used in cuisines worldwide. In Western cuisine, the generic term "basil" refers to the variety also kno ...

) on 2465 ha in the regions of

and

. *Cattle raising: in 2002 the region contained 308.530

bovine Bovines (subfamily Bovinae) comprise a diverse group of 10 genera of medium to large-sized ungulates, including cattle, bison, African buffalo, water buffalos, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The evolutionary relationship betwee ...

s, 53.980 swine, 2.840

sheep Sheep or domestic sheep (''Ovis aries'') are domesticated, ruminant mammals typically kept as livestock. Although the term ''sheep'' can apply to other species in the genus ''Ovis'', in everyday usage it almost always refers to domesticated s ...

and 44.520

goat The goat or domestic goat (''Capra hircus'') is a domesticated species of goat-antelope typically kept as livestock. It was domesticated from the wild goat (''C. aegagrus'') of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the a ...

Mining

Pozzolana Pozzolana or pozzuolana ( , ), also known as pozzolanic ash ( la, pulvis puteolanus), is a natural siliceous or siliceous- aluminous material which reacts with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water at room temperature (cf. pozzolanic reactio ...

lime Lime commonly refers to: * Lime (fruit), a green citrus fruit * Lime (material), inorganic materials containing calcium, usually calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide * Lime (color), a color between yellow and green Lime may also refer to: Botany ...

gold Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from la, aurum) and atomic number 79. This makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile met ...

sapphire Sapphire is a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminium oxide () with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, chromium, vanadium, or magnesium. The name sapphire is derived via the Latin "sapphir ...

graphite Graphite () is a crystalline form of the element carbon. It consists of stacked layers of graphene. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on large ...

lead Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cu ...

zinc Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. Zinc is a slightly brittle metal at room temperature and has a shiny-greyish appearance when oxidation is removed. It is the first element in group 12 (IIB) of the periodi ...

corundum Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium oxide () typically containing traces of iron, titanium, vanadium and chromium. It is a rock-forming mineral. It is a naturally transparent material, but can have different colors depending on the pres ...

amethyst Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz. The name comes from the Koine Greek αμέθυστος ''amethystos'' from α- ''a-'', "not" and μεθύσκω (Ancient Greek) / μεθώ (Modern Greek), "intoxicate", a reference to the belief that t ...

garnet Garnets () are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives. All species of garnets possess similar physical properties and crystal forms, but differ in chemical composition. The different s ...

zircon Zircon () is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates and is a source of the metal zirconium. Its chemical name is zirconium(IV) silicate, and its corresponding chemical formula is Zr SiO4. An empirical formula showing some of the r ...

cordierite Cordierite (mineralogy) or iolite (gemology) is a magnesium iron aluminium cyclosilicate. Iron is almost always present and a solid solution exists between Mg-rich cordierite and Fe-rich sekaninaite with a series formula: to . A high-temperatu ...

quartz Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical form ...

beryl Beryl ( ) is a mineral composed of beryllium aluminium silicate with the chemical formula Be3Al2Si6O18. Well-known varieties of beryl include emerald and aquamarine. Naturally occurring, hexagonal crystals of beryl can be up to several mete ...

and

ilmenite Ilmenite is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with the idealized formula . It is a weakly magnetic black or steel-gray solid. Ilmenite is the most important ore of titanium and the main source of titanium dioxide, which is used in paints, printing ...

are extracted in the region. * Ampasindava mine, a rare earth mine.

References

EDBM

External links

Monographie de la Région Diana

External links

Official website of Diana Region
{{coord, 12, 16, 12, S, 49, 16, 48, E, region:MG_type:adm1st_source:dewiki, display=title Regions of Madagascar