In the
mathematical
Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...
discipline of
group theory
In abstract algebra, group theory studies the algebraic structures known as group (mathematics), groups.
The concept of a group is central to abstract algebra: other well-known algebraic structures, such as ring (mathematics), rings, field ...
, for a given
group
A group is a number of persons or things that are located, gathered, or classed together.
Groups of people
* Cultural group, a group whose members share the same cultural identity
* Ethnic group, a group whose members share the same ethnic ide ...
the diagonal subgroup of the ''n''-fold
direct product
In mathematics, one can often define a direct product of objects already known, giving a new one. This generalizes the Cartesian product of the underlying sets, together with a suitably defined structure on the product set. More abstractly, one t ...
is the
subgroup
In group theory, a branch of mathematics, given a group ''G'' under a binary operation ∗, a subset ''H'' of ''G'' is called a subgroup of ''G'' if ''H'' also forms a group under the operation ∗. More precisely, ''H'' is a subgrou ...
:
This subgroup is
isomorphic to
Properties and applications
* If
acts
The Acts of the Apostles ( grc-koi, Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, ''Práxeis Apostólōn''; la, Actūs Apostolōrum) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message ...
on a
set the ''n''-fold diagonal subgroup has a natural action on the
Cartesian product
In mathematics, specifically set theory, the Cartesian product of two sets ''A'' and ''B'', denoted ''A''×''B'', is the set of all ordered pairs where ''a'' is in ''A'' and ''b'' is in ''B''. In terms of set-builder notation, that is
: A\ ...
induced by the action of on defined by
:
* If acts -
transitively
Transitivity or transitive may refer to:
Grammar
* Transitivity (grammar), a property of verbs that relates to whether a verb can take direct objects
* Transitive verb, a verb which takes an object
* Transitive case, a grammatical case to mark a ...
on then the -fold diagonal subgroup acts transitively on More generally, for an
integer
An integer is the number zero (), a positive natural number (, , , etc.) or a negative integer with a minus sign ( −1, −2, −3, etc.). The negative numbers are the additive inverses of the corresponding positive numbers. In the language ...
if acts -transitively on acts -transitively on
*
Burnside's lemma
Burnside's lemma, sometimes also called Burnside's counting theorem, the Cauchy–Frobenius lemma, the orbit-counting theorem, or the Lemma that is not Burnside's, is a result in group theory that is often useful in taking account of symmetry when ...
can be
proved using the action of the twofold diagonal subgroup.
See also
*
Diagonalizable group In mathematics, an affine algebraic group is said to be diagonalizable if it is isomorphic to a subgroup of D''n'', the group of diagonal matrices. A diagonalizable group defined over a field ''k'' is said to ''split over'' ''k'' or ''k''-''split'' ...
References
*.
Group theory
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