Diachronics Of Plural Inflection In The Gallo-Italian Languages
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diachronics Synchrony and diachrony are two complementary viewpoints in linguistic analysis. A ''synchronic'' approach (from grc, συν- "together" and "time") considers a language at a moment in time without taking its history into account. Synchronic l ...
'' of Lombard and
Piedmontese Piedmontese (; autonym: or , in it, piemontese) is a language spoken by some 2,000,000 people mostly in Piedmont, northwestern region of Italy. Although considered by most linguists a separate language, in Italy it is often mistakenly regard ...
plural declension The plural (sometimes abbreviated pl., pl, or ), in many languages, is one of the values of the grammatical category of number. The plural of a noun typically denotes a quantity greater than the default quantity represented by that noun. This de ...
are drawn here:


Feminine

In Lombard and Piedmontese, feminine plural is generally derived from Latin first declension accusative -as; nouns from other classes first collapsed there; some concrete realisations are: *-as > -a *-as > -es > -e *-as > -es > -ei > -i *-as > -es > -ei > -i > -e *-as > -es > -ei > -i > -∅


Masculine

On the contrary, masculine plural is generally derived from Latin second declension nominative -i; this
suffix In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns, adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carry ...
eventually drops or gives rise to palatalisation or metaphonesis; some concrete realisations are: *-li > -lj > -gl > -j *-ni > -nj > -gn *-ti > -tj > -cc * Metaphonesis (in regression) : orti > öört; *Neutralisation: -i > -∅


See also

*
Western Lombard Western Lombard is a group of dialects of Lombard, a Romance language spoken in Italy. It is widespread in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como, Lecco, Sondrio, a small part of Cremona (except Crema and its neighbours), Lodi ...
*
Eastern Lombard Eastern Lombard is a group of closely related variants of Lombard, a Gallo-Italic dialect spoken in Lombardy, mainly in the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia and Mantua, in the area around Cremona and in parts of Trentino. Its main variants are ...
*
Piedmontese Piedmontese (; autonym: or , in it, piemontese) is a language spoken by some 2,000,000 people mostly in Piedmont, northwestern region of Italy. Although considered by most linguists a separate language, in Italy it is often mistakenly regard ...
*
Romance plurals This article describes the different ways of forming the plural forms of nouns and adjectives in the Romance languages, and discusses various hypotheses about how these systems emerged historically from the declension patterns of Vulgar Latin. Th ...


References

*G.Hull: the linguistic unity of Northern Italy and Rhaetia, PhD thesis, University of Sydney West (1982) *E.Banfi, G.Bonfadini, P.Cordin, M.Iliescu: Italia Settentrionale: Crocevia di idiomi Romanzi, Atti del convegno internazionale di studi, Trent 21-23 Ottobre 1993 Niemayer, Tübingen, 1995 Lombard language Piedmontese language Grammatical number Romance languages {{Romance-lang-stub