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Di Chaliastre or Khalyastre (, from Polish "halastra" - gang) was a Jewish avant-garde expressionist-futuristic group of poets, who worked in
Seth L. Wolitz divided the group's history into three periods:
Di Chaliastre or Khalyastre (, from Polish "halastra" - gang) was a Jewish avant-garde expressionist-futuristic group of poets, who worked in Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
between 1919 and 1924. The poets wrote in Yiddish
Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a ver ...
and published a namesake magazine.
The name of the group comes from the term Hillel Zeitlin
Hillel Zeitlin (1871–1942) was a Yiddish and Hebrew writer and poet. A leading pre-Holocaust Jewish journalist, he was a regular contributor to the Yiddish newspaper ''Moment'', among other literary activities. He was the leading thinker in the ...
used for them in the newspaper . The group was formed around 1922 around M. Weichert's literary and artistic monthly magazine "Ringen
''Ringen'' is the German language term for grappling (wrestling).
In the context of the German school of historical European martial arts during the Late Middle Ages and the German Renaissance, ''Ringen'' refers to unarmed combat in general, incl ...
", published since 1921. Its main contributors were Peretz Markish
Peretz Davidovich Markish ( yi, פּרץ מאַרקיש ) (russian: Перец Давидович Маркиш) (7 December 1895 (25 November OS) – 12 August 1952) was a Russian Jewish poet and playwright who wrote predominantly in Yiddish.
...
, Melech Ravitch
Zechariah Choneh Bergner ()
(27 November 1893 – 20 August 1976), better known by his pen name Melech Ravitch (), was a Canadian Yiddish poet and essayist. Ravitch was one of the world's leading Yiddish literary figures after the Holocaust. Hi ...
and Uri Zvi Greenberg
Uri Zvi Greenberg ( he, אוּרִי צְבִי גְּרִינְבֵּרְג; September 22, 1896 – May 8, 1981; also spelled Uri Zvi Grinberg) was an acclaimed Modern Hebrew poetry, Israeli poet, journalist and politician who wrote in Yiddish ...
.
Poets , , and David Hofstein
Dovid Hofshteyn ( yi, דוד האָפשטיין ''Dovid Hofshteyn'', russian: Давид Гофштейн; June 12, 1889 in Korostyshiv – August 12, 1952), also known as David Hofstein, was a Yiddish poet. He was one of the 13 Jewish intellectua ...
also became a part of the group.
History
Seth L. Wolitz divided the group's history into three periods:
(1) the year 1919, with the Łódź group associated with ''The first edition of the almanac with the title "Khalyastre" was published in Warsaw in 1922; the editors were Peretz Markish andYung-yidish Yung-yidish, also spelled Jung Idysz, was the first Jewish avant-garde artistic and literary group in Poland, active in Łódź in 1918–1921. The members exhibited in Poland and abroad and published an eponymous journal, as well as other literary ...''; (2) the transitional period 1921–1922, with the group surrounding Mikhal Vaykhert (Michał Weichert) and Alter-Sholem Kacyzne's ''Ringen''; and (3) the golden period of 1922–1924, which spawned ''Di Khalyastre'', ''Vog'' (The Scales; edited by Melech Ravitch), and ''Albatros'', the most thoroughly avant-garde expressionist journal of Uri Tsevi Grinberg.
Israel Joshua Singer
Israel Joshua Singer (Yiddish: ישראל יהושע זינגער ; November 30, 1893, Biłgoraj, Congress Poland — February 10, 1944 New York) was a Polish-Jewish novelist who wrote in Yiddish.
Biography
He was born Yisruel Yehoyshye Zinger ...
. The second issue came out in Paris in 1924; editors: Markish and Oser Varshawski Oser ( he, אֹשֶׁר) is a Hebrew given name and surname, which may refer to:
People
* Bernard L. Oser (1899–1995), American scientist
* Charles Oser (1902–1994), Swiss politician
* Lee Oser (born 1958), American writer
* Michael Oser Rabin ...
, artist - Marc Chagall
Marc Chagall; russian: link=no, Марк Заха́рович Шага́л ; be, Марк Захаравіч Шагал . (born Moishe Shagal; 28 March 1985) was a Russian-French artist. An early modernism, modernist, he was associated with se ...
.
Moshe Broderzon's poem was chosen as a motto of the journal. "Mir yungen, mir a freylekhe tsezungene khalyastre / Mir geyen in an umbavustn veg, / In tife moreshkhoyredike teg / In nekht fun shrek / Per aspera ad astra!" (We, the young, a happy, boisterous gang / We're trodding on an unknown path / through deeply melancholic days / through nights of fright / Per aspera ad astra!). The poem was first published in Moshe Broderzon's journal ''Yung-yidish'' in Łódź, 1919.
The almanac "Albatross" was also published under the editorship of Greenberg; (issue 1, Warsaw, 1922; issue 2, Berlin, 1923).
The books of the leaders of "Khalyastre" caused a wide resonance - "Nakete Leader" ("Naked Poems", 1921) by Melech Ravitch
Zechariah Choneh Bergner ()
(27 November 1893 – 20 August 1976), better known by his pen name Melech Ravitch (), was a Canadian Yiddish poet and essayist. Ravitch was one of the world's leading Yiddish literary figures after the Holocaust. Hi ...
, "Mephisto" ("Mephistopheles", 1922) by Uri Zvi Greenberg
Uri Zvi Greenberg ( he, אוּרִי צְבִי גְּרִינְבֵּרְג; September 22, 1896 – May 8, 1981; also spelled Uri Zvi Grinberg) was an acclaimed Modern Hebrew poetry, Israeli poet, journalist and politician who wrote in Yiddish ...
, and "Di Coupe" ("Heap", 1922) by Peretz Markish
Peretz Davidovich Markish ( yi, פּרץ מאַרקיש ) (russian: Перец Давидович Маркиш) (7 December 1895 (25 November OS) – 12 August 1952) was a Russian Jewish poet and playwright who wrote predominantly in Yiddish.
...
, in which the theoretical propositions proclaimed by the group - the renewal of the poetic language, the exaltation that explodes verse and the "revolution of the spirit" - are expressed with vivid artistic force.
Beginning in 1923, the paths of the members of the group diverged and its activity began to die down. The main reasons were political disagreements and emigration of its members from Warsaw.
References
Sources
* * * {{authority control Yiddish-language poets Yiddish-language literature