Deux Sonnets De Jean Cassou
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''Deux sonnets de Jean Cassou'' is a
song cycle A song cycle (german: Liederkreis or Liederzyklus) is a group, or cycle (music), cycle, of individually complete Art song, songs designed to be performed in a sequence as a unit.Susan Youens, ''Grove online'' The songs are either for solo voice ...
for
baritone A baritone is a type of classical male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the bass and the tenor voice-types. The term originates from the Greek (), meaning "heavy sounding". Composers typically write music for this voice in the r ...
and piano written by the French composer
Henri Dutilleux Henri Paul Julien Dutilleux (; 22 January 1916 – 22 May 2013) was a French composer active mainly in the second half of the 20th century. His small body of published work, which garnered international acclaim, followed in the tradition of ...
in 1954. He later transcribed or allowed transcriptions of the work for various ensembles. It is based on poems written by
Jean Cassou Jean Cassou (9 July 1897 – 15 January 1986) was a French writer, art critic, poet, member of the French Resistance during World War II and the first Director of the Musée national d'Art moderne in Paris. Biography Jean Cassou was born at Bi ...
when he was a prisoner of war.Arkivmusic.com review
/ref> It has been championed by major singers like
Gérard Souzay Gérard Souzay (8 December 1918 – 17 August 2004) was a French baritone, regarded as one of the very finest interpreters of mélodie (French art song) in the generation after Charles Panzéra and Pierre Bernac. Background and education He wa ...
, and more recently
Renée Fleming Renée Lynn Fleming (born February 14, 1959) is an American soprano, known for performances in opera, concerts, recordings, theater, film, and at major public occasions. A recipient of the National Medal of Arts, Fleming has been nominated for 1 ...
.


Background

Jean Cassou was the first Chief Conservator of the
Musée National d'Art Moderne The Musée National d'Art Moderne (; "National Museum of Modern Art") is the national museum for modern art of France. It is located in Paris and is housed in the Centre Pompidou in the 4th arrondissement of the city. In 2021 it ranked 10th in ...
. He was dismissed from his post by the
Vichy government Vichy France (french: Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was the fascist French state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. Officially independent, but with half of its terr ...
in 1940 and subsequently joined the
Résistance The French Resistance (french: La Résistance) was a collection of organisations that fought the German occupation of France during World War II, Nazi occupation of France and the Collaborationism, collaborationist Vichy France, Vichy régim ...
. As a result, he was arrested and, while in prison, he conceived ''Trente-trois sonnets composés au secret'' (''Thirty-three sonnets composed in solitary confinement'') which he had to memorize since he was denied pen and paper."Trois belles minutes de musique de Dutilleux, perdues et retrouvées"
by Par Pierre Gervasoni, ''
Le Monde ''Le Monde'' (; ) is a French daily afternoon newspaper. It is the main publication of Le Monde Group and reported an average circulation of 323,039 copies per issue in 2009, about 40,000 of which were sold abroad. It has had its own website si ...
'', 26 May 2011 (in French)
They were clandestinely published in 1944."Liner notes"
CD ''
Poèmes ''Poèmes'' is a 2012 album of French songs sung by operatic soprano Renée Fleming. Ravel's '' Shéhérazade'' (1903) and Messiaen's '' Poèmes pour Mi'' (1936) are followed by two sets of songs by Henri Dutilleux. He transcribed '' Deux sonnet ...
'', Decca (2012)


Songs

Dutilleux first encountered Cassou's poems in 1944, shortly after they were published.Review : A Celebration of Henri Dutilleux
, 29 April 2005,
Purcell Room The Purcell Room is a concert and performance venue which forms part of the Southbank Centre, one of central London's leading cultural complexes. It is named after the 17th century England, English composer Henry Purcell and has 370 seats. The Pu ...
, London (Janet Notenoquah).
Ten years later, he reread them and decided to set to music two of them, for baritone and piano: "Il n'y avait que des troncs déchirés" (There was nothing but torn trunks) and "J'ai rêvé que je vous portais entre mes bras" (I dreamed that I carried you in my arms). The songs are markedly contrasted. The first one is violent and depicts a ruined castle, the second one is calm and dream-like, a remembrance of past love.


Sonnet 8

Il n'y avait que des troncs déchirés, que couronnaient des vols de corbeaux ivres, et le chäteau était couvert de givre, ce soir de fer où je me présentai. Je n'avais plus avec moi ni mes livres, ni ma compagne, l'âme, et ses péchés, ni cette enfant qui tant rêvait de vivre quand je l'avais sur terre rencontrée. Les murs étaient blanchis au lait de sphinge et les dalles rougies au sang d'Orphée. Des mains sans grâce avaient tendu des linges Aux fenêtres borgnes comme des fées. La scène était prête pour des acteurs fous et cruels à force de bonheur.


Sonnet 4

J'ai rêvé que vous portais entre mes bras, depuis la cour jusqu'à votre salon obscur. Vous sembliez une soeur des chères créatures que j'adore, mais je ne vous connaissais pas. Il faisait une nuit de lune et de frimas, une nuit de la vie, sonore d'aventures. Tandis que je cherchais à voir votre figure, je vous sentais légère et tremblante de foi. Puis je vous ai perdue comme tant d'autres choses, la perle de secrets et le safran des roses, que le songe ou la terre offrirent à mon coeur. Signes de ma mémoire, énigmes, tout me mène, avec chaque soleil formé à si grand peine, au chef-d'oeuvre d'une fort et lucide malheur.


Transcriptions

In the mid-1990s, Dutilleux
orchestrated Orchestration is the study or practice of writing music for an orchestra (or, more loosely, for any musical ensemble, such as a concert band) or of adapting music composed for another medium for an orchestra. Also called "instrumentation", orch ...
the song-cycle.
Chandos Records Chandos Records is a British independent classical music recording company based in Colchester. It was founded in 1979 by Brian Couzens.Pascal Gallois Pascal Gallois (born 1959) is a French bassoonist, conductor and music teacher, specialising in contemporary classical music. Life Born in Linselles near Lille, Gallois studied with Maurice Allard at the École Normale de Musique de Paris. Si ...
transcribed it for
bassoon The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family, which plays in the tenor and bass ranges. It is composed of six pieces, and is usually made of wood. It is known for its distinctive tone color, wide range, versatility, and virtuo ...
and piano with the composer's approval. The transcription was played at the Hôtel de Lauzun in presence of the composer. Dutilleux transcribed both songs for soprano and orchestra for
Renée Fleming Renée Lynn Fleming (born February 14, 1959) is an American soprano, known for performances in opera, concerts, recordings, theater, film, and at major public occasions. A recipient of the National Medal of Arts, Fleming has been nominated for 1 ...
who recorded them in 2012 on her album ''
Poèmes ''Poèmes'' is a 2012 album of French songs sung by operatic soprano Renée Fleming. Ravel's '' Shéhérazade'' (1903) and Messiaen's '' Poèmes pour Mi'' (1936) are followed by two sets of songs by Henri Dutilleux. He transcribed '' Deux sonnet ...
''.


Other Cassou sonnets set to music by Dutilleux

Dutilleux discovered Cassou's poems in 1944 and immediately wrote "La Geôle" (The Jail) for voice and orchestra based on one of them. In 1954, he set "Eloignez-vous" (Walk away) to music, along with "Il n'y avait que des troncs déchirés" and "J'ai rêvé que je vous portais entre mes bras". Although the three poems were premièred together, "Eloignez-vous" was not included in the cycle and only resurfaced in April 2011. Dutilleux had this to say about his work on Cassou's poems:


References


External links


"Dutilleux et les 'Sonnets' résistants de Jean Cassou"
by Caroline Potter, dutilleux2016.com (in French) {{authority control 1954 compositions Classical song cycles in French Song cycles by Henri Dutilleux Music based on poems