''Banksia ornata'', commonly known as desert banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. The Ngarrindjeri people of the Lower Murray region in South Australia know it as yelakut. It has thin bark, serrated, narrow egg-shaped leaves with the lower end towards the base, cream-coloured flowers in a cylindrical spike, and later, up to fifty follicles in each spike, surrounded by the remains of the flowers.

Description

''Banksia ornata'' is a shrub that typically grows to a height of about but does not form a lignotuber. It has thin grey bark and stems that are hairy at first, later glabrous. The leaves are narrow egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, or wedge-shaped, long and wide on a petiole long. The flowers are cream-coloured and arranged in a broadly cylindrical spike long and wide when the flowers open. There are hairy

involucral bracts In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, ...

at the base of the spike but they fall off before the flowers open. The perianth is long and the

pistil Gynoecium (; ) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more) ''pistils'' ...

long and slightly curved. Flowering occurs in most months but mainly in winter and spring and there are up to fifty elliptic follicles long and wide in each spike, surrounded by the remains of the old flowers.

Taxonomy and naming

''Banksia ornata'' was first formally described in 1854 by Carl Meissner from an unpublished description by

Ferdinand von Mueller Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Vict ...

. The description was published in '' Linnaea: ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange, oder Beiträge zur Pflanzenkunde''. The

specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

(''ornata'') is from the Latin word ''ornatus'' meaning "decorated", referring to the flowers and leaves.

Distribution and habitat

Desert banksia is common in western Victoria and in South Australia. In South Australia it is found in the south-east of the state south of Nuriootpa, including on the lower Eyre Peninsula, Kangaroo Island and east of Adelaide. It is confined to the far west of Victoria, mainly between Murrayville and the Grampians. It tends to grow in mallee and heathland environments in sandy, well-drained soils.

Ecology

Nectarivorous birds are attracted to this shrub. Species observed feeding at its flowers include '' Anthochaera carunculata'' (red wattlebird), '' Melithreptus brevirostris'' (brown-header honeyeater), '' Melithreptus lunatus'' (white-naped honeyeater) and '' Zosterops lateralis'' (silvereye).

References

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Banksia ornata ornata Flora of South Australia Flora of Victoria (Australia) Plants described in 1854 Taxa named by Carl Meissner