Deriner Dam ( tr, Deriner Barajı) is a concrete double-curved
arch dam
An arch dam is a concrete dam that is curved upstream in plan. The arch dam is designed so that the force of the water against it, known as hydrostatic pressure, presses against the arch, causing the arch to straighten slightly and strengthe ...
on the
Çoruh River
The Chorokh ( ka, ჭოროხი ''Ch'orokhi'', tr, Çoruh, hy, Չորոխ ''Ch’vorokh'', el, Άκαμψις, ''Akampsis'') is a river that rises in the Mescit Mountains in north-eastern Turkey, flows through the cities of Bayburt, İs ...
east of
Artvin
Artvin ( Laz and ; hy, Արտուին, translit=Artuin) is a city in northeastern Turkey about inland from the Black Sea.
It is located on a hill overlooking the Çoruh River near the Deriner Dam. It is a former bishopric and (vacant) Armeni ...
in
Artvin Province
Artvin Province ( tr, ; ka, , ''Artvinis p’rovincia''; Laz: ართვინიშ დობადონა ''Artviniş dobadona'') is a province in Turkey, on the Black Sea coast in the northeastern corner of the country, on the border w ...
,
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
. The main purpose of the dam is
hydroelectric power production and additionally
flood control
Flood control methods are used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters."Flood Control", MSN Encarta, 2008 (see below: Further reading). Flood relief methods are used to reduce the effects of flood waters or high water level ...
. Construction on the dam began in 1998, the reservoir began to fill in February 2012 and the power station was completed by February 2013.
It will have a 670 MW power house and is the
tallest dam in Turkey.
The dam is being implemented by
Turkey's State Hydraulic Works and constructed by a consortium of Turkish, Russian and Swiss companies.
The dam is named after İbrahim Deriner, who died while serving as the Chief Engineer of its research team.
Background
In 1969, a survey of the energy potential of the Coruh River was carried out by the Electrical Power Resources Survey Administration and later potential dam foundations were investigated. Based on the studies and investigations, a master plan for the river was started in 1979 and completed in 1982. The feasibility study for the Deriner Dam was not completed until 1987 and was carried out by the Swiss branch of
Poyry Energy and Turkey's Dolsar Engineering. Several factors delayed construction of the dam during this period. The cost of relocating roads in such a mountainous area would be high and the need for
agricultural, not electric development was deemed a higher priority. As the demand for electricity in Turkey grew, the Çoruh Valley Project began its implementation. After negotiations and the signing of a protocol between the Turkish and Russian governments at the 1994 Turkish-Russian Mixed Economic Commission in Moscow, Turkey's State Hydraulic Works was authorized to move forward with the dam. The consortium started with the Russian company
Technostroyexport and later expanded with Turkey's ERG Construction and the Swiss companies Stucky (engineering consulting),
Andritz (turbines and hydromechanical works) and
Alstom (generators, energy transmission and balance-of-plant). The Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the dam was completed and approved in 1995 and funding to begin the project was available in 1997. In 1998, the consortium received the site and construction commenced.
[
]
Construction
Construction on the Deriner Dam began in January 1998, and by the end of 2005, the Coruh River had been diverted around the construction site and the dam's foundation was excavated and prepared. The river was diverted on the right-bank by means of a horseshoe-shaped
tunnel
A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through surrounding soil, earth or rock, and enclosed except for the entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube cons ...
with a diameter. The foundation required extensive excavation because layers of decompressed rock existed above the sound
granodiorite
Granodiorite () is a coarse-grained ( phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock similar to granite, but containing more plagioclase feldspar than orthoclase feldspar.
The term banatite is sometimes used informally for various rocks ranging from gr ...
rock. To secure the foundation, over 2,000 re-stressable post-tensioned
rock anchors were installed. At the end of 2005, workers began pouring concrete for the dam's foundation but because of funding, this was delayed between September 2006 and September 2007. By January 2008, the dam reached a height of .
[
] By mid-2010, of the needed of concrete had been poured and 93% of the project was complete. The spillways within the dam's body were complete as well. On 24 February 2012, the dam was complete and began to impound its reservoir.
The power station is expected to be operational by February 2013.
[
]
Specifications
Dam
The Deriner Dam is a high, long double-curved arch dam
An arch dam is a concrete dam that is curved upstream in plan. The arch dam is designed so that the force of the water against it, known as hydrostatic pressure, presses against the arch, causing the arch to straighten slightly and strengthe ...
. It has a base width of and a crest width at the top cantilever of . A total of of concrete
Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, and is the most wid ...
forms the dam's body which also contains its orifice spillway
A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of water downstream from a dam or levee, typically into the riverbed of the dammed river itself. In the United Kingdom, they may be known as overflow channels. Spillways ensure th ...
. This spillway consists of 8 x flap gates that can discharge a maximum of of water. The dam's other spillway consists of two tunnels, each on opposing banks behind the dam. The right tunnel is long and the left is long. Each tunnel is controlled by a high, long flap gate. Each of these tunnels have the same capacity as both combined can discharge up to of water. The reservoir behind the dam has a catchment area of , capacity of and regulating volume of .[
]
Power house
The dam's power house is located underground on its right bank and has a width of , length of and height of . Contained in the power house are vertical Francis turbines that have a combined capacity of 670 MW and annual generation of 2,118 GWh. Water being transferred to the turbines does so by means of a diameter penstock
A penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems. The term is inherited from the earlier technology of mill ponds and watermills.
H ...
. Once through the turbines, water exits the powerhouse via long horseshoe shaped tail-race tunnels.
See also
*Borçka Dam
Borçka Dam ( tr, Borçka Barajı) is a dam on the Çoruh River south east of Borçka in Artvin Province, Turkey. It was built between 1999 and 2006.
See also
*Muratlı Dam – downstream
*Deriner Dam – upstream
*List of dams and reservoirs ...
– downstream
*Artvin Dam
The Artvin Dam an arch-gravity dam on the Çoruh River in Artvin Province, Turkey. Preliminary construction on the dam began in December 2010 and the river diversion tunnels were complete in July 2012 at which time construction on the dam foundatio ...
– upstream
*List of dams and reservoirs in Turkey
Below is a partial list of dams in Turkey separated by region.
Aegean Region
There are 45 dams in the Aegean Region, western part of Turkey.
* Adıgüzel Dam, Denizli
* Afşar Dam, Manisa
* Akdeğirmen Dam, Afyonkarahisar
* Akgedik Dam, Muğla ...
* List of tallest dams in the world
References
{{Power stations in Turkey
Dams in Artvin Province
Hydroelectric power stations in Turkey
Dams on the Çoruh River
Arch dams
Dams completed in 2012
2013 establishments in Turkey
Energy infrastructure completed in 2013