''Dendrobium'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of mostly
epiphytic
An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphytes grow are called phoroph ...
and
lithophytic
Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks. They can be classified as either epilithic (or epipetric) or endolithic; epilithic lithophytes grow on the surfaces of rocks, while endolithic lithophytes grow in the crevices of rocks (and are als ...
orchid
Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant.
Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of
south
South is one of the cardinal directions or Points of the compass, compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both east and west.
Etymology
The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Pro ...
,
east
East or Orient is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from west and is the direction from which the Sun rises on the Earth.
Etymology
As in other languages, the word is formed from the fa ...
and
southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...
, including
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
,
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
,
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
, the
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
,
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
,
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
,
New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu
Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea).
It is a simplified version of ...
,
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
and many of the islands of the
Pacific
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...
. Orchids in this genus have roots that creep over the surface of trees or rocks, rarely having their roots in soil. Up to six leaves develop in a tuft at the tip of a shoot and from one to a large number of flowers are arranged along an unbranched flowering stem. Several attempts have been made to separate ''Dendrobium'' into smaller genera, but most have not been accepted by the
World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (usually abbreviated to WCSP) is an "international collaborative programme that provides the latest peer reviewed and published opinions on the accepted scientific names and synonyms of selected plan ...
.
Description
''Dendrobium'' species are mostly
epiphytic
An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphytes grow are called phoroph ...
, or
lithophytic
Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks. They can be classified as either epilithic (or epipetric) or endolithic; epilithic lithophytes grow on the surfaces of rocks, while endolithic lithophytes grow in the crevices of rocks (and are als ...
although a few species are
terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...
. They are
sympodial
Sympodial growth is a bifurcating branching pattern where one branch develops more strongly than the other, resulting in the stronger branches forming the primary shoot and the weaker branches appearing laterally. A sympodium, also referred to a ...
herbs
In general use, herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables and other plants consumed for macronutrients, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal ...
with cylindrical roots usually arising from the base of a
pseudobulb
The pseudobulb is a storage organ found in many epiphytic and terrestrial sympodial orchids. It is derived from a thickening of the part of a stem between leaf nodes and may be composed of just one internode or several, termed heteroblastic and ...
. The pseudobulbs, when present, are hard, sometimes cane-like, cylindrical or cone-shaped and more or less covered with the bases of the leaves. There are from one to many leaves arranged in two ranks, the leaves varying in shape from linear to oblong, sometimes cylindrical but never channelled or grooved. They are usually much longer than wide and last for only a single season.
Between one and a large number of
resupinate
Resupination is derived from the Latin word ''resupinus'', meaning "bent back
with the face upward" or "on the back". "Resupination" is the noun form of the adjective "resupine" which means "being upside-down, supine or facing upward".
The word " ...
or non-resupinate flowers are arranged along an unbranched flowering stem and may be short or long-lived. The flowers may be white, green, yellow, or pink to purple, often with contrasting colours in the
labellum. The
sepal
A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...
s and
petal
Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...
s are usually free from and more or less similar to each other but markedly different from the labellum. The labellum is more or less egg-shaped, with the narrower end towards the base and flanks the
column
A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. ...
. There is often a
callus
A callus is an area of thickened and sometimes hardened skin that forms as a response to repeated friction, pressure, or other irritation. Since repeated contact is required, calluses are most often found on the feet and hands, but they may o ...
consisting of narrow, parallel ridges, in the centre of the labellum.
Taxonomy and naming
The genus ''Dendrobium'' was first formally described in 1799 by
Olof Swartz
Olof Peter Swartz (21 September 1760 – 19 September 1818) was a Swedish botanist and taxonomist. He is best known for his taxonomic work and studies into pteridophytes.
Biography
Olof Swartz attended the University of Uppsala where he st ...
and the description was published in ''Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis''.
The name ''Dendrobium'' is derived from the
ancient Greek
Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...
words ''dendron'' meaning "tree" and ''bios'' meaning "life", referring to the epiphytic habit of most species.
In 1981,
Friedrich Brieger reclassified all
terete
Terete is a term in botany used to describe a cross section that is circular, or like a distorted circle, with a single surface wrapping around it.Lichen Vocabulary, Lichens of North America Information, Sylvia and Stephen Sharnoff/ref> This is us ...
-leaved dendrobiums from
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
and
New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu
Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea).
It is a simplified version of ...
into a new genus, ''Dockrillia'' and in 2002
David Jones and
Mark Clements separated the genus into smaller genera, including ''Thelychiton'', ''Tropilis'', ''Vappodes'' and ''Winika'' but all of these genera are regarded as
synonyms
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ...
by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
Sections
In 2009, the online ''Flora of China'' divided the genus into the following sections:
*
''Aporum''
*
''Breviflora''
*
''Brevisaccata''
*
''Calcarifera''
*
''Crumenata''
*
''Calyptrochilus''
*
''Dendrobium''
*
''Dendrocoryne''
*
''Densiflora''
*
''Distichophyllae''
*
''Formosa''
*
''Grastidium''
*
''Holochrysa ''
*
''Pedilonum''
*
''Phalaenanthe''
*
''Spatulata''
*
''Stuposa''
Distribution and habitat
Orchids in the genus ''Dendrobium'' have adapted to a wide variety of
habitats
In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species habitat can be seen as the physical ...
, from the high altitudes in the
Himalayan mountains to lowland tropical forests and even to the dry climate of the Australian desert.
Uses
Use in horticulture
''Dendrobium'' is abbreviated as Den. by the
Royal Horticultural Society
The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity.
The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (Nort ...
. Some species are in great demand by orchid lovers. This has resulted in numerous varieties and
hybrids, such as the
noble dendrobium
''Dendrobium nobile'', commonly known as the noble dendrobium, is a member of the family Orchidaceae. It has become a popular cultivated decorative house plant, because it produces colourful blooms in winter and spring, at a time when little el ...
(''Den. nobile'') breeds, which have greatly extended the range of colors of the original plant from the
Himalaya
The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over 100 ...
s. The flowers of
Cuthbertson's dendrobium
''Dendrobium cuthbertsonii'' is a species of orchid in the genus ''Dendrobium''. It grows epiphytically at up to above sea level in New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second- ...
(''Den. cuthbertsonii'') have been reported to last up to ten months each.
Many ''Dendrobium'' species are known to vigorously remove
toluene
Toluene (), also known as toluol (), is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with the smell associated with paint thinners. It is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of a methyl group (CH3) at ...
and
xylene
In organic chemistry, xylene or xylol (; IUPAC name: dimethylbenzene) are any of three organic compounds with the formula . They are derived from the substitution of two hydrogen atoms with methyl groups in a benzene ring; which hydrogens are sub ...
from the air.
Several hybrids in this genus have been registered and named after notable persons and institutions:
* ''Dendrobium''
Ismail Sabri Yaakob
Dato' Sri Ismail Sabri bin Yaakob ( ms, اسماعيل صبري بن يعقوب, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset; born 18 January 1960) is a Malaysian lawyer and politician who served as the 9th Prime Minister of Malaysia from August 2 ...
* ''Dendrobium''
Bae Yong-joon
Bae Yong-joon (; born August 29, 1972) is a South Korean businessman and former actor. He has starred in numerous television dramas, including, notably, ''Winter Sonata'' which became a major part of the Korean Wave. Bae retired from acting af ...
* ''Dendrobium''
Sccci 100th Anniversary
* ''Dendrobium''
Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. S ...
* ''Dendrobium''
Iriana Jokowi
* ''Dendrobium''
Joseph Schooling
Joseph Isaac Schooling (born 16 June 1995) is a Singaporean professional swimmer who specialises in butterfly, freestyle and medley events. He was the gold medalist in the 100m butterfly at the 2016 Olympics, achieving Singapore's first ev ...
* ''Dendrobium''
Yip Pin Xiu
Yip Pin Xiu (; born 10 January 1992) is a Singaporean backstroke swimmer. She is a five-time Paralympic gold medallist and 5 time World Champion, with two world records in the 50 m backstroke S2 and the 100 m backstroke S2. Yip is Singapore's ...
The grex ''Dendrobium'' Berry gx has received the
Royal Horticultural Society
The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity.
The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (Nort ...
's
Award of Garden Merit
The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions.
History
The Award of Garden Merit ...
.
Medicinal uses
![Dendrobium_nobile_-_Larssen](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Dendrobium_nobile_-_Larssen.jpg)
Some ''Dendrobium'' species are cultivated as medicinal plants. The
noble dendrobium
''Dendrobium nobile'', commonly known as the noble dendrobium, is a member of the family Orchidaceae. It has become a popular cultivated decorative house plant, because it produces colourful blooms in winter and spring, at a time when little el ...
(''D. nobile'') for example is one of the
50 fundamental herbs
Chinese herbology () is the theory of traditional Chinese herbal therapy, which accounts for the majority of treatments in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). A ''Nature'' editorial described TCM as "fraught with pseudoscience", and said that t ...
used in
traditional Chinese medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. It has been described as "fraught with pseudoscience", with the majority of its treatments having no logical mechanism of action ...
, where it is known as ''shí hú'' (
石 斛) or ''shí hú lán'' (
石 斛 兰).
The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia records that ''
Dendrobium canaliculatum
''Dendrobium canaliculatum'', commonly known as the brown tea tree orchid or thin tea tree orchid, is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid in the family Orchidaceae. It has cone-shaped or onion-shaped pseudobulbs, up to six deeply channelled, dark ...
'' was called "yamberin" by the Indigenous People of Queensland, Australia and that "The bulbous stems, after being deprived of the old leaves are edible (Thozet)."
In culture
Many species and
cultivar
A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture, ...
s of this genus are well-known
floral emblem
In a number of countries, plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas. Some countries have a country-wide floral emblem; others in addition have symbols representing subdivisions. Different processes have been used to ...
s and have been figured in artwork. Among the former are:
* ''
Dendrobium formosum
''Dendrobium formosum'' (beautiful giant-flowered dendrobium) is a species of orchid.
It is native to the Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, India, Bangladesh), northern Indochina (Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam) and the Andaman Islands, and widely cu ...
'' (beautiful giant-flowered dendrobium) – emblem of
Ranong Province (
Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...
)
* ''Dendrobium'' 'Kim il Sung' (
Kimilsungia
Kimilsungia is a hybrid orchid of the genus ''Dendrobium''. It is a clone of a plant that was created in Indonesia by orchid breeder Carl Ludwig C. L. Bundt, who in 1964 registered the grex name ''Dendrobium'' Clara Bundt for all orchids of t ...
) – emblem of
North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu River, Y ...
* ''
Dendrobium moniliforme
''Dendrobium moniliforme'', known as Shihu in Chinese and Sekkoku in Japanese, is a species of orchid. It is native to Japan, Korea, China, the Himalayas, and northern Indochina.
''Dendrobium moniliforme'' is the type species for the genus ''Den ...
'' (Sekikoku) – emblem of
Matsushima, Miyagi
270px, Matsushima Town Office
is a town in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 13,804 in 5663 households, and a population density of 260 persons per km². The total area of the town is . It is most famous as the ...
(
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
)
* ''
Dendrobium nobile
''Dendrobium nobile'', commonly known as the noble dendrobium, is a member of the family Orchidaceae. It has become a popular cultivated decorative house plant, because it produces colourful blooms in winter and spring, at a time when little el ...
'' (noble dendrobium) – emblem of
Sikkim
Sikkim (; ) is a state in Northeastern India. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Province No. 1 of Nepal in the west and West Bengal in the south. Sikkim is also close to the Siligur ...
(
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
)
* ''
Dendrobium bigibbum
''Dendrobium bigibbum'', commonly known as the Cooktown orchid or mauve butterfly orchid, is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid in the family Orchidaceae. It has cylindrical pseudobulbs, each with between three and five green or purplish leaves a ...
'' (Cooktown orchid, ''anggrek larat'') – emblem of
Maluku province (
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
) and
Queensland
)
, nickname = Sunshine State
, image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, established_ ...
(
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
).
* ''
Dendrobium utile
''Dendrobium utile'' is a species of orchid native to Sulawesi and Papua, occurring in forests at altitudes of up to 150 m. It is the official flower of Sulawesi Tenggara. Locally this orchid is also called anomi, anemi or alemi, or anggrek ...
'' (locally known as ''anggrek serat'') – emblem of the
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
n province of
South East Sulawesi
Southeast Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Tenggara) is a province on the island of Sulawesi, forming the southeastern peninsula of that island, together with a number of substantial offshore islands such as Buton, Muna, Kabaena and Wawonii (formerly c ...
The Cooktown orchid was figured on Australian
stamp
Stamp or Stamps or Stamping may refer to:
Official documents and related impressions
* Postage stamp, used to indicate prepayment of fees for public mail
* Ration stamp, indicating the right to rationed goods
* Revenue stamp, used on documents to ...
s in 1968 and 1998, and flowers of several ''Dendrobium'' greges are depicted on the
obverse
Obverse and its opposite, reverse, refer to the two flat faces of coins and some other two-sided objects, including paper money, flags, seals, medals, drawings, old master prints and other works of art, and printed fabrics. In this usage, ''o ...
side of the
Singapore Orchid Series currency notes
The Singapore dollar (sign: S$; code: SGD) is the official currency of the Republic of Singapore. It is divided into 100 cents. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or S$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currenci ...
issued between 1967 and 1976:
* Dendrobium Marjorie Ho –
S$10
* Dendrobium Shangri-La – S$500
* Dendrobium Kimiyo Kondo – S$1000
The golden-bow dendrobium (''
D. chrysotoxum''), colloquially called fried-egg orchid was one of the species grown by the fictional
private detective
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI and informally called a private eye), a private detective, or inquiry agent is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators of ...
and orchid fancier
Nero Wolfe
Nero Wolfe is a brilliant, obese and eccentric fictional armchair detective created in 1934 by American mystery writer Rex Stout. Wolfe was born in Montenegro and keeps his past murky. He lives in a luxurious brownstone on West 35th Street in Ne ...
, and plays a role in ''
The Final Deduction
''The Final Deduction'' is a Nero Wolfe detective novel by Rex Stout, published by the Viking Press in 1961 and collected in the omnibus volume ''Three Aces'' (Viking 1971).
Plot introduction
Mrs. Althea Vail tells Wolfe she intends to pay the ...
''.
Gallery
File:Dendrobium-densiflorum-x-fa.jpg, ''Dendrobium'' Chet's Choice (''Dendrobium densiflorum
''Dendrobium densiflorum'' is a species of epiphytic or lithophytic orchid, native to Asia. It has club-shaped stems, three or four leathery leaves and densely flowered, hanging bunches of relatively large pale yellow and golden yellow flowers.
...
× farmeri''), a hybrid belonging to the section Densiflorum (syn. Callista)
File:Dendrobium-Mini-Brown.jpg, ''Dendrobium'' 'Mini Brown', a hybrid belonging to the section Spatulata
File:Dendrobium_Orchid.jpg, Painting of a typical ''Dendrobium'' by I. V. Passmoore, probably the hybrid Dendrobium Lucky Seven
File:DendrobiumMargaretThatcher-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20041025.jpg, ''Dendrobium'' Margaret Thatcher, a hybrid belonging to the section Spatulata
File:Dendrobium hybrida 04- (36) 1200.jpg, ''Dendrobium'' hybrid belonging to the section Phalaenanthe
File:Dendrobium 03- (1) 1200.jpg, ''Dendrobium'' hybrid
File:Dendrobium salaccense - flower view 01.jpg, ''Dendrobium salaccense
''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, i ...
''
File:Dendrobium Orchid vijayanrajapuram 03.jpg, ''Dendrobium'' from Kottayam
Kottayam () is a municipal town in the Indian state of Kerala. Flanked by the Western Ghats on the east and the Vembanad Lake and paddy fields of Kuttanad on the west. It is the district headquarters of Kottayam district, located in south-we ...
References
* Clements, M.A. (1989): Catalogue of Australian Orchidaceae. ''Australian Orchid Research'' 1: 45–64.
* Wolverton, B.C. (1996): ''How to Grow Fresh Air''. New York: Penguin Books.
* Lavarack, B., Harris, W., Stocker, G. (2006): ''Dendrobium and Its Relatives''. Australia: Simon & Schuster Ltd.
* Burke, J.M., Bayly, M.J., Adams, P.B., Ladiges, P.Y.: (2008) Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae), with emphasis on the Australian section Dendrocoryne, and implications for generic classification. ''Australian Systematic Botany'' 21: 1-14
Abstract
External links
*
Generally accepted major sections of the Dendrobium genus
Multikey System for Identification of ''Dendrobium'' species
{{Taxonbar, from=Q133778
Epiphytic orchids
Dendrobieae genera
Taxa named by Olof Swartz