Demolition waste is waste debris from destruction of buildings, roads, bridges, or other structures.
Debris varies in composition, but the major components, by weight, in the US include
concrete
Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, and is the most wi ...
, wood products,
asphalt shingle
An asphalt shingle is a type of wall or roof shingle that uses asphalt for waterproofing. It is one of the most widely used roofing covers in North America because it has a relatively inexpensive up-front cost and is fairly simple to install.
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s, brick and clay tile, steel, and drywall.
There is the potential to recycle many elements of demolition waste.
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Composition
In 2014, 505.1 million tons of demolition debris was generated in the US. Out of the 505.1 million tons, the debris was composed of 353.6 million tons of concrete, 76.6 million tons of asphalt concrete, 35.8 million tons of wood product, 12.7 million tons of asphalt shingles, 11.8 million tons of brick and clay tile, 10.3 million tons of drywall and plaster, and 4.3 million tons of steel.[
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Disposal
Before demolition debris is extracted, contamination from lead
Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cu ...
, asbestos
Asbestos () is a naturally occurring fibrous silicate mineral. There are six types, all of which are composed of long and thin fibrous crystals, each fibre being composed of many microscopic "fibrils" that can be released into the atmosphere b ...
or other hazardous materials
Dangerous goods, abbreviated DG, are substances that when transported are a risk to health, safety, property or the environment. Certain dangerous goods that pose risks even when not being transported are known as hazardous materials ( syllabi ...
must be resolved. Hazardous materials must be disposed of separately, according to federal regulation.[ Demolition debris can be disposed of in either Construction and Demolition Debris landfills or municipal solid waste landfills.] Alternatively, debris may also be sorted and recycled. Sorting may happen as deconstruction on the demolition site, off-site at a sorting location, or at a Construction and Demolition recycling center.[ Once sorted, materials are managed separately and recycled accordingly.
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Recycling
Concrete and Brick
Concrete and brick can be recycled by crushing it into rubble. Once sorted, screened and contaminants are removed, reclaimed concrete or brick can be used in concrete aggregate, fill, road base, or riprap.[ Mobile concrete crushers also allow for recycling of concrete on-site.
Wood
Wood can be reused, repurposed, recycled, or burned as bioenergy.][ Reused wood can eliminate the need for full-size new lumber if used for smaller building components. Repurposed or recycled wood can be used in pathways, coverings, mulches, compost, animal bedding, or particleboard. Using recycled wood as a bioenergy feedstock is advantageous because it has lower water content, about 20% water, compared to virgin lumber, about 60% water.
Drywall
Drywall is made primarily of gypsum. Once the gypsum is depapered, it can be added in cement production, as a soil amendment, used in aerated composting, or recycled into new drywall. Gypsum recycling can be particularly beneficial because in landfill conditions gypsum will release hydrogen sulfide, a toxic gas.
Asphalt
Asphalt, from shingles or asphalt concrete, is typically recycled and used in pavement.
Metal
Scrap metal is an established industry focused on the collection, buying, selling, and recycling of salvaged materials.]
See also
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References
{{Waste
Waste
Demolition
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