The dotted i (І і; italics: ''
І і''), also called decimal i (и десятеричное, after its former
numeric value), is a letter of the
Cyrillic script
The Cyrillic script ( ), Slavonic script or the Slavic script, is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic languages, Slavic, Turkic languages, Turkic, Mongolic languages, ...
. It commonly represents the
close front unrounded vowel
The close front unrounded vowel, or high front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound that occurs in most spoken languages, represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet by the symbol i. It is similar to the vowel sound in the English wo ...
, like the pronunciation of ⟨i⟩ in English "machine". It is used in the
orthographies
An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word breaks, emphasis, and punctuation.
Most transnational languages in the modern period have a writing system, and mos ...
of
Belarusian
Belarusian may refer to:
* Something of, or related to Belarus
* Belarusians, people from Belarus, or of Belarusian descent
* A citizen of Belarus, see Demographics of Belarus
* Belarusian language
* Belarusian culture
* Belarusian cuisine
* Byelor ...
,
Kazakh,
Khakas
The Khakas (also spelled Khakass; Khakas: , ''khakas'', , ''tadar'', , ''khakastar'', , ''tadarlar'') are a Turkic indigenous people of Siberia, who live in the republic of Khakassia, Russia. They speak the Khakas language.
The Khakhassian p ...
,
Komi,
Carpathian Rusyn and
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
and quite often, but not always, is the equivalent of the
Cyrillic letter i (И и) as used in
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
and other languages. The letter was also used in
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
before
1918
This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide.
Events
Below, the events ...
.
In
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
, І is the twelfth letter of the alphabet and represents the sound
Close front unrounded vowel">i">Close_front_unrounded_vowel.html" ;"title="nowiki/>
iin writing. Ukrainian uses и to represent the sound [
Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ">Close front unrounded vowel">iin writing. Ukrainian uses и to represent the sound [
Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ In
Belarusian
Belarusian may refer to:
* Something of, or related to Belarus
* Belarusians, people from Belarus, or of Belarusian descent
* A citizen of Belarus, see Demographics of Belarus
* Belarusian language
* Belarusian culture
* Belarusian cuisine
* Byelor ...
, I is the tenth letter of the alphabet. It represents
Close front unrounded vowel">i]. The two
Carpathian Rusyn standard varieties use і, и and ы for three different sounds: , and , respectively. In Komi, і occurs only after the consonants д, з, л, н, с, and т and does not
palatalize them, while и does. In Kazakh and Khakas, і represents , as in "bit". In Kazakh, the letter occurs in most native Turkic words. Most of the loanwords use и.
Just
like
In English, the word ''like'' has a very flexible range of uses, ranging from conventional to non-standard. It can be used as a noun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, particle, conjunction, hedge, filler, and quotative.
Uses Comparisons
' ...
the Latin letters I/i (and J/j), the
dot above the letter appears only in its lowercase form and then only if that letter is not combined with a
diacritic
A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or to a basic glyph. The term derives from the Ancient Greek (, "distinguishing"), from (, "to distinguish"). The word ''diacriti ...
above it (notably the
diaeresis, used in Ukrainian to note the
letter ''yi'' of its alphabet, and the
macron). Even when the lowercase form is present without any other diacritic, the dot is not always rendered in historic texts (the same historically applied to the Roman letters i and j). Some modern texts and font styles, except for
cursive
Cursive (also known as script, among other names) is any style of penmanship in which characters are written joined in a flowing manner, generally for the purpose of making writing faster, in contrast to block letters. It varies in functionalit ...
styles, still discard the "soft" dot on the lowercase letter, because the text is readable without it.
History
The Cyrillic soft-dotted letter i was derived from the
Greek letter iota (Ι ι). The dot came later with some typefaces through Western European influence, which similarly affected other Cyrillic letters such as а and е. The name of this letter in the
Early Cyrillic alphabet
The Early Cyrillic alphabet, also called classical Cyrillic or paleo-Cyrillic, is a writing system that was developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the late 9th century on the basis of the Greek alphabet for the Slavic people living ...
was (''i''), meaning "and".
In the
Cyrillic numeral system
Cyrillic numerals are a numeral system derived from the Cyrillic script, developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the late 10th century. It was used in the First Bulgarian Empire and by South and East Slavic peoples. The system was used in R ...
, soft-dotted І had a value of 10.
In the
early Cyrillic alphabet
The Early Cyrillic alphabet, also called classical Cyrillic or paleo-Cyrillic, is a writing system that was developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the late 9th century on the basis of the Greek alphabet for the Slavic people living ...
, there was little or no distinction between the
Cyrillic letter i (И и), derived from the
Greek letter eta, and the soft-dotted letter i. They both remained in the alphabetical repertoire, since they represented different numbers in the Cyrillic numeral system, eight and ten, respectively. They are, therefore, sometimes referred to as ''octal I'' and ''decimal I''.
Usage
Rules for usage in Russian (pre-1918)
* ⟨і⟩ was used before all vowels and before the semivowel ⟨й⟩ except at the end of a
morpheme
A morpheme is the smallest meaningful Constituent (linguistics), constituent of a linguistic expression. The field of linguistics, linguistic study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology (linguistics), morphology.
In English, morphemes are ...
in a compound word, where ⟨и⟩ was used. So англійскій (''English'') used ⟨і⟩, but пяти + акровый = пятиакровый (''five-acre'') used ⟨и⟩.
* ⟨и⟩ was used as the last letter of a word and before consonants except in
міръ for "world, universe, local community, commons, society, laity" and words derived from it (but:
миръ "peace").
* In a few words derived from Greek, use was derived etymologically based upon whether iota or eta was in the original Greek:
Іисусъ "Jesus", from Greek
Ιησούς, now written
Иисус; also
Іванъ from
Ἰωάννης, now written
Иван. However, since the middle of the 18th century loanwords came to be spelled according to the general rule: Іоаннъ but Иванъ, Никита (instead of Нiкита), Филиппъ (instead of Фiлiппъ).
As it turns out, the spelling of the two variants of мир was an artificial distinction to separate two different definitions of what was originally in fact the same word (much as with English "to" vs. "too").
Computing codes
Related letters and other similar characters
* 1 :
Digit One
* Ι ι :
Greek letter Iota
* I i :
Latin letter I
* İ i :
Latin letter dotted I
* I ı :
Latin letter dotless I
* И и :
Cyrillic letter I another letter that is romanized as I
* Ї ї :
Cyrillic letter Yi
* Й й :
Cyrillic letter Short I
* Ј ј :
Cyrillic letter Je
* Ӏ ӏ :
Cyrillic letter Palochka
* Ꙇ ꙇ :
Cyrillic letter Iota
External links
*
*
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:I, Dotted