Dayang Kalangitan ( Baybayin: ᜃᜎᜅᜒᜆᜈ᜔ , Abecedario: ''Cálan͠gúitán'') (r. 1450–ca. 1515) is a legendary figure in early Philippine history who was said to be '' Dayang'' of the pre-Hispanic Indianized polity of

Pasig Pasig, officially the City of Pasig ( fil, Lungsod ng Pasig), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 803,159 people. It is located along t ...

. She was

co-regent A coregency is the situation where a monarchical position (such as prince, princess, king, queen, emperor or empress), normally held by only a single person, is held by two or more. It is to be distinguished from diarchies or duumvirates such ...

of Pasig with her husband,

Rajah Lontok Rajah Lontok ( Baybayin: ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜃ᜔) (r. 1430–1450) was the husband and co-regent of Dayang Kalangitan of the indianized Kingdom of Tondo and Namayan. See also * History of the Philippines *Kingdom of Tondo *Kingdom of Maynila ...

, and later sole ruler of their realms. She is one of the very few known female leaders in precolonial Philippine history. She ruled Pasig from her seat of power in Bitukang Manók. Her children are ''Dayang'' Panginoan, ''Dayang'' Lahat,

Rajah Salalila In Philippine folk tradition, Rajah Salalila (; Baybayin: , Sanskrit: शरीर, ''syarirah'') was the Rajah or paramount ruler of the early Indianized Philippine settlement of Maynila, and the father of the individual named Ache, who would ...

Maynila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populated ...

and ''Gat'' Kahiya.

Life

Dayang Kalangitan was married to '' Gat'' Lontok, (later Rajah Lontok) of Tondo. Together with her husband, Kalangitan established a small kingdom upstream to the east of Tondo around the ''Bitukang Manók'' (today Parian Creek in

). Sometime around 1450, she became sole ruler of both Tondo, which included Bitukang Manók, the place she had established with her husband. In order to consolidate power, her daughter

Dayang Panginoan Dayang may refer to: * Dayang (honorific), a Bruneian honorific * a dialect of Sema language, a Sino-Tibetan language * Dayang Jingxuan, a Buddhist monk during Song Dynasty of China * Dayang Island, an island in Johor, Malaysia * Dayang newt, a spec ...

, was married to Prince Balagtas, the son of

Empress Sasaban In oral traditions associated with the early history of the Tagalog people, Empress Sasaban or Dayang Sasaban ( Baybayin: ᜐᜐᜊᜈ᜔ , Javanese: ꦱꦼꦒꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀) is said to have been a 14th Century noblewoman (Dayang) of the Tagalo ...

Namayan Namayan (Baybayin: Pre-Kudlit: or (''Sapa''), Post-Kudlit: ), also called Sapa,Locsin, Leandro V. and Cecilia Y. Locsin. 1967. ''Oriental Ceramics Discovered in the Philippines.'' Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Company. Maysapan or Nasapan, an ...

. However, at around 1500, the Sultanate of Brunei made an attack on the Kingdom of Tondo and established the

Kingdom of Maynila In early Philippine history, the Tagalog Bayan ("country" or "city-state") of Maynila ( tl, Bayan ng Maynila; Pre-virama Baybayin: ) was a major Tagalog city-state on the southern part of the Pasig River delta, where the district of Intramu ...

and put Kalangitan's son, Salalila as the monarch of Maynila. Dayang Kalangitan's son Salalila succeeded her as monarch; after converting to Islam, he adopted his more famous name, Sulaiman. Tondo and Maynila became separate kingdoms after Salalila. Tondo was ruled by Salalila's eldest son,

Lakan Dula In History of the Philippines (900–1521), early Philippine history, the Filipino styles and honorifics, rank of ''lakan'' denoted a "paramount ruler" (or more specifically, "''paramount datu''") of one of the large coastal barangays (known as ...

and Maynila by

Rajah Matanda Rajah Ache ( Abecedario: ''Rája Aché'' pronounced ''Aki''), better known by his title Rajah Matanda (1480–1572), was one of the rulers of Maynila, a pre-colonial Indianized and Islamized Tagalog polity along the Pasig River in what is now ...

and

Rajah Sulayman Rajah Sulayman, sometimes referred to as Sulayman III (Sanskrit: स्ललैअह्, Arabic: سليمان, Abecedario: ''Suláimán'') (1558–1575), was the Rajah of Maynila, a fortified Tagalog Muslim polity on the southern half of the ...

. Namayan came under the rule of Rajah Kalamayin.

In popular media

literature

Kalangitan ''Kalangitan'' is a Philippine Historical Fiction Novel written by A.F. Eleazar. The plot revolves around a princess named Dayang Kalangitan who became the Queen Regnant of Namayan, Teunduk, and Meneuk kingdom. As described on the novel, Kalangita ...

is a novel written by A.F. Eleazar. The plot revolves around a princess named ''Kalangitan'', who became the Queen regnant of Namayan, Tondo, and on her realm at Bitukang Manok, which is the seat of power. As described on the novel, Kalangitan is the most powerful woman in the Maisung at the time of her reign. The novel tackled the history of pre-Hispanic Philippines and the tradition of monogamy, justice system, culture and social norms. The main gist of the novel is about feminism during the pre-colonial era as it shows on the way it was written. It also explore the genre of

Philippine mythology Philippine mythology is the body of stories and epics originating from, and part of, the indigenous Philippine folk religions, which include various ethnic faiths distinct from one another. Philippine mythology is incorporated from various ...

, epic and legends. It also contains allegories and sublimal messages as seen on the succeeding chapters of the book. The story was set in

Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...

during 1450 AD.

References

{{s-end Filipino datus, rajas and sultans History of the Philippines (900–1565) 15th-century women rulers 16th-century women rulers